• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of PAHs in atmosphere and soil, and their relationship, accumulation tendency in soil, and its contain burden ratio (%) the PM$_{10}$ and soil were sampled adjacent to a roadside and analysed by HPLC from August 25th 1996 to September 22nd 1996 in Seoul and Kunggido area. The main results are summarized below 1. The concentration of PM$_{10}$ in the ambient air was showed in order of industrial region ($142.70\pm 21.77 \mu g/m^3$), commercial region ($136.51\pm 31.62 \mu g/m^3$), residential region ($110.12\pm 14.98 \mu g/m^3$), greenbelt region ($77.44\pm 12.12 \mu g/m^3$), respectively. 2. Distribution of PAHs concentration level in PM$_{10}$ and soil was showed in order of industrial region, commercial region, residential region, greenbelt region, respectively in all components. 3. The contain burden ratio (%) in PM$_{10}$ was attested that BbF was the highest contain burden component (21.7-32%) and An was the lowest contain burden component (0.35-1.95%) in all region. 4. The contain burden ratio (%) in soil was attested that Pb (20.5%) was the highest and An (0.8%) was the lowest contain burden component in industrial region and BbF (21.9%) and An (0.45%) were the same tendency in commercial region and Py (21.6%) and BkF (3.5%) were in residential region, Py (29%) and An (2.6%) were in greenbelt region. 5. The relationship between concentration of PAHs in PM$_{10}$ and soil was attested that the component of BbF (r=0.514) was very highly correlated, and there were significant in Fl and BaA in soil between industrial region and commercial region (P<0.05).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.903-908
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• 2001

The gene aeg-46.5, which is expressed under anaerobic condition, has putative triple -10 regions and four transcription start sites. The mRNA transcription level and its start point change depending on the aerobic/anaerobic growth condition. RNA polymerase and its regulatory proteins must choose which of three -10 region to use. The putative triple 10 region was mutated to make only one of them function with consensus -10 region sequence (TATAAT) and the other two as non-functional region. The results show that the second and third -10 regions are used for the aerobic/anaerobic expression. The third -10 region is responsible for the high aerobic to anaerobic switch ratio. This suggests that only the last two of the putative triple -10 region have functions on aeg-46.5 gene expression switch control. The phenotype of the mutated promoter was tested in the wild type cell and narL - cell. The results indicate that the control by NarL is independent from the selection of -10 region. The expression patterns on multi-copy plasmids and on single-copy chromosome were compared. These results show that the aerobic/anaerobic switch control of aeg-46.5 is through the choice of -10 region. The mechanism of choosing different -10 region remains to be seen.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.823-829
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• 1986

본 연구에서는 와동의 대류속도를 H.H. Brunn의 방법과 달리 측정하였으며, 또 이를 이용하여 와동의 중심들 사이의 간격을 구하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 포텐셜코어영역(potential core region)과 혼합층영역(mixing layer region)의 경계 및 천이영역(transition region)과 난류영역(turbulent region)경계를 구하여야 한다. 각 영역들의 대체적인 구분은 Fig.1과 같다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.132-150
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• 2004

지역의 문화적 특성에 따라서 중원문화권은 충주문화권, 청주문화권, 점이문화권 등의 3대 문화권으로 구분하고 이것을 다시 10개의 아문화권으로 구분할 수 있다. 충청북도 지방자치단체에서는 이러한 아문화권의 문화적 특성을 상징하고 있는 다음과 같은 핵심적인 상징적 문화재의 이미지를 강화하는 문화재를 집중적으로 개발하는 전략으로 특화된 새로운 지역문화를 창출할 수 있다: (1) 충주권: 역사 문화권(탑평리 7층 석탑), (2) 제천권: 의병문화권(의병장 유인석), (3) 단양권: 고구려 문화권(온달산성), (4) 청주권: 교육 문화권(직지와 철당간), (5) 보은권. 불교문화권(속리산 법주사), (6) 옥천권: 나제문화권(나제전투), (7) 영동권: 삼도통합 문화권(삼도봉의 삼도 대화합비), (8) 음성권: 선비정신 문화권(무극 6.25 사변 전적비), (9) 괴산권: 유교문화권(우암 송시열, (10) 진천권: 삼국통일 정신문화권(김유신 장군).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.591-605
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• 2010

This study were to simulate major criteria air pollutants and estimate regional source-receptor relationship using air quality prediction model (TAPM ; The Air Pollution Model) in the Seoul Metropolitan area. Source-receptor relationship was estimated by contribution of each region to other regions and region itself through dividing the Seoul metropolitan area into five regions. According to administrative boundary, region I and region II were Seoul and Incheon in order. Gyeonggi was divided into three regions by directions like southern(region III), northern(IV) and eastern(V) area. Gridded emissions ($1km{\times}1km$) by Clean Air Pollicy Support System (CAPSS) of National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) was prepared for TAPM simulation. The operational weather prediction system, Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) operated by the Korean Meteorology Administration (KMA) was used for the regional weather forecasting with 30km grid resolution. Modeling period was 5 continuous days for each season with non-precipitation. The results showed that region I was the most air-polluted area and it was 3~4 times more polluted region than other regions for $NO_2$, $SO_2$ and PM10. Contributions of $SO_2$ $NO_2$ and PM10 to region I, II and III were more than 50 percent for their own sources. However region IV and V were mostly affected by sources of region I, II and III. When emissions of all regions were assumed to reduce 10 and 20 percent separately, air pollution of each region was reduced linearly and the contributions of reduction scenario were similar to those of base case. As input emissions were reduced according to different ratio - region I 40 percent, region II and III 20 percent, region IV and V 10 percent, air pollutions of region I and III were decreased remarkably. The contributions to region I, II, III were also reduced for their own sources. However, region I, II and III affected more regions IV and V. Shortly, graded reduction of emission could be more effective to control air pollution in emission imbalanced area.

• 전기의세계
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1978

A new method of realizing the field effect transistor with a sub-.mu. channel width is described. The sub-.mu. channel width is made possible by etching grooves into n$^{+}$ pn$^{[-10]}$ n$^{[-10]}$ structure and using p region at the wall for the channel region of the Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor transistor (MOST), or by diffusing two different types of impurities through the same diffusion mask and using p region at the surface for the channel region of MOST. When the drain voltage is increased at the pn$^{[-10]}$ drainjunction the depletion layer extends into the n$^{[-10]}$ region instead of into p region; this is also the secret of success to realize the sub-.mu. channel width. As the result of the experimental fabrication, a microwave MOST was obtained. The cut-off frequency was calculated to be 15.4 GHz by Linvill's power equation using the measured capacitances and transconductance.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.377-393
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the effect of growth of the land transportation industry on economic growth and to provide implications for Korea's metropolitan region policy. The effect of each metropolitan region on the integrated region where each metropolitan region is integrated is as follows. First, The integrated region where each metropolitan region was integrated with the Southeast region and the Daegyeong region had the greatest economic growth effect due to the growth of the land transportation industry in terms of value added, but the effect of the integrated region with the Chungcheong region was the least. In the case of capital such as roads, the integrated metropolitan regions with the Chungcheong region showed the greatest economic effect. However, the impact of the integrated regions with Jeolla region and the Seoul metropolitan region is insignificant. These results suggest that the synergy effect of metropolitan regional integration by spillover effect such as networks should be considered in the land transportation industry policy.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권8C호
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• pp.1159-1174
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 PDA에 장착된 카메라를 사용하여 획득한 명함 영상에 대한 효율적인 영역 해석 알고리듬을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 크게 영역 분할, 정보 영역 분류, 문자 영역 분류의 3개 과정으로 구성된다. 영역 분할에서는 입력 명함 영상을 8${\times}$8 크기의 블록으로 나누고 각 블록을 저주파 대역에서의 정규화 된 DCT 계수의 에너지를 이용하여 정보 블록과 배경 블록으로 분류한 다음, 블록에 대한 영역 라벨링을 통하여 정보 영역과 배경 영역으로 분할한다. 정보 영역 분류에서는 각 정보 영역을 블록 신호의 수평, 수직 방향 에지 성분과 저주파 대역에서의 DCT 계수의 에너지 비와 이진화 된 정보 영역 내에서의 흑화소인 정보 화소의 밀도를 이용하여 문자 영역과 배경 영역으로 분류한다. 문자 영역 분류에서는 분류된 문자 영역을 정보 화소의 밀도와 평균 런 길이를 이용하여 다시 큰 문자와 작은 문자 영역으로 분류한다. 실험결과 제안된 영역 해석 방법은 여러 종류의 명함을 다양한 주변 여건에서 PDA로 획득한 시험 영상에 대하여 정보 영역과 배경 영역을 잘 분할하고, 정보 영역을 문자 영역과 그림 영역으로 잘 분류하며, 다시 문자 영역을 큰 문자와 작은 문자 영역으로 잘 분류함을 보였다 그리고 제안된 영역 분할 방법과 정보 영역 분류 방법은 기존의 방법들보다 각각 약 2.2-10.1%와 7.7%의 에러율 향상을 보였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.893-905
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• 2015

This study analyzes the correlation between Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern index (WPI) in April during 1954-2008 and rainfall amounts in the same month. Based on the results, it is identified that there have been strong positive correlations between central China, Korea and the southwestern part of Japan in the East Asian region. Through differences between 10 positive WP years and 10 negative WP years selected from the April WPI excluding ENSO years, it is found that rainfall amounts increase in April of positive WP years due to the following characteristics. Increases in rainfall amounts are evident in the East Asian middle latitudinal region where the positive correlation between the two variables is the highest and this is because anomalous southwesterlies are strengthened in the East Asian middle latitudinal region due to the spatial pattern of a south-low-north-high anomalous pressure system centered on this region that is made by anomalous anticyclones centered on the southeastern side of the region and other anomalous anticyclones centered on the northeastern side of the region. In addition, anomalous westerlies (jet) are strengthen in the upper troposphere of the East Asian middle latitudinal region and as a result, anomalous upward flows are strengthened in this region and thus anomalous warm air temperatures are formed in the entire level of the troposphere in the region. In addition to atmospheric environments, anomalous warm sea surface temperatures are formed in the seas in the East Asian middle latitudinal region to help the rainfall amount increases in the East Asian middle latitudinal region.

• 한국기계기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.872-878
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• 2018

Steam tables including superheated, saturated and compressed region were simultaneously modeled using the neural networks. Pressure and temperature were used as two inputs for superheated and compressed region. On the other hand Pressure and dryness fraction were two inputs for saturated region. The outputs were specific volume, specific enthalpy and specific entropy. The neural network model were compared with the linear interpolation model in terms of the percentage relative errors. The criterion of judgement was selected with the percentage relative error of 1%. In conclusion the neural networks showed better results than the interpolation method for all data of superheated and compressed region and specific volume of saturated region, but similar for specific enthalpy and entropy of saturated region.