• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.119-127
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• 2017

This study analyzed the cause of car explosion that occurred in the riverside park. The car carrying a male driver and a female passenger was parked in the park and explosion occurred inside the car. After the explosion, the driver and the passenger got burned. When they went to the hospital by the 119 Rescue Service, they stated that the car was sprayed with thinner before they had a quarrel and the explosion occurred during their quarrel. However, after several days, they changed their statement. They said that gasoline in the plastic bottle was poured and ran into the cigarette lighter. They tried to pull the cigarette lighter but pushed it by mistake. Then explosion occurred. Because only the explosion by mistake could receive car insurance, whether the cause of explosion was intentional or not became an issue. The car exploded was carefully investigated and analyzed. The statement of the driver and passenger was analyzed in the aspect of fire science. As a result, it was demonstrated that this car explosion occurred by driver's intention.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.518-526
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• 2017

Objective : Thromboembolism is the one of the most serious complications that can occur during endovascular coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm. We report on the effectiveness and safety of intra-arterial/intravenous (IA/IV) glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (tirofiban) infusion for treating thromboembolism during endovascular coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm. Methods : We performed a retrospective analysis of 242 patients with ruptured or unruptured cerebral aneurysms (n=264) who underwent endovascular coil embolization from January 2011 to June 2014. Thromboembolism occurred in 20 patients (7.4%), including 14 cases of ruptured aneurysms and 6 cases of unruptured aneurysms. The most common site of aneurysms was the anterior communicating artery (n=8), followed by middle cerebral artery (n=6). When we found an enlarged thromboembolism during coil embolization, we tried to dissolve it using tirofiban administered via IA and IV loading ($5{\mu}g/kg$, respectively) for 3-5 minutes followed by IV maintenance ($0.08{\mu}g/kg/min$) for approximately 4-24 hours. Results : In 4 of 5 patients with total vessel occlusion, the vessel was recanalized to Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Perfusion Scale (TICI) grade 3, and in 1 patient to TICI grade 2a. In 2 patients with partial vessel occlusion and 13 patients with minimal occlusion, the vessel recanalized to TICI grade 3. Irrelevant intracerebral hemorrhage was noted in 1 patient (5%), and thromboemboli-related cerebral infarction developed in 5 patients (25%), of which only 1 (5%) was symptomatic. Conclusion : IA/IV infusion and IV maintenance with tirofiban appear to be an effective rescue treatment for thromboembolism during endovascular coil embolization in patients with ruptured or unruptured cerebral aneurysms.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.48-58
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• 2009

In recent years, construction worker safety in construction site is important. Especially, the frequent collapse accidents have happened in tunnels, utility tunnel and underground structure, so that the importance of worker safety is greatly emphasized. It is difficult to communicate with other workers in underground space, using the current cable or wireless communicator. When the accident is occurred, it can't rescue workers. This is the reason that it has a deficiency to find a location of survivor and communicate rescure crew and field workers. In this paper we extract the optimal technical factors of USFSS(Underground Structure Field Support System) based on integrated technique of wireless communication and location awareness. And USFSS developed in this study is suited for bad environment of underground structure construction and able to track 3D position of laborer and communicate mutually.

• Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.686-697
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• 2018

Purpose: Several markers for eosinophilic inflammation have been proposed to predict response to asthma treatment. However, definitive criteria for treatment decisions have not yet been established. We investigate a potentially useful relatively non-invasive biomarker, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), to predict favorable responses to budesonide or montelukast, common treatment for children with asthma. Methods: Young children (1 to 6 years old) were enrolled in this randomized, parallel, 2-group, open-label trial. Criteria for eligibility included: 1) being symptomatic during the run-in period; and 2) having a serum EDN (sEDN) level ${\geq}53ng/mL$, with positive specific immunoglobulin E to house dust mite. Eligible patients were randomly placed into 2 groups: the BIS group received budesonide inhalation suspension (BIS) 0.5 mg once daily; the MONT group received montelukast 4 mg once daily. Ineligible patients were invited to receive montelukast 4 mg once daily (OBS group). Treatment period was 12 weeks. Results: Asthma control days increased significantly in the BIS and MONT groups (P < 0.000) over the 12-week study period. There was no significant change in sEDN in the BIS group but there was a significant decrease in the MONT group (P < 0.000). Patients in the OBS group with high EDN levels (> 53 ng/mL) showed a significant decrease due to MONT treatment (P = 0.023). Rescue medication usage significantly decreased in the BIS and MONT groups (P < 0.000). Conclusions: EDN is a useful relatively non-invasive biomarker for predicting responses to montelukast and budesonide treatment of preschool children with beta2-agonist responsive recurrent wheeze and multiple-trigger wheeze (Trial registry at UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000008335).

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2017

Background Rituximab (RTX) can be used as a rescue therapy for steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). However, the efficacy and safety of long-term, repeated use of RTX are not established. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of long-term, repeated RTX treatment in children. Methods Eighteen consecutive child patients with SDNS who were treated with three or more cycles of RTX for one year or longer were recruited, and their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results The patients were followed for $4.7{\pm}1.9years$ and received $5.2{\pm}2.3cycles$ of RTX over $2.8{\pm}1.1years$. Approximately 70% of the additional RTX cycles were administered due to recovery of B-cells without relapse. The relapse rate decreased from $3.4{\pm}2.0per$ year initially to $0.4{\pm}0.8per$ year at the third year after RTX treatment. Approximately 10% of the RTX infusions were accompanied by mild infusion reactions. Eight patients showed sustained remission without any oral medication after the last cycle of RTX, while 10 patients had one or more episodes of relapse after the last cycle of RTX. The relapse rate in the latter group decreased from $2.8{\pm}1.5per$ year before RTX treatment to $1.3{\pm}0.8per$ year after cessation of RTX treatment. No significant differences in clinical parameters were found between the two groups. Conclusion This retrospective study showed that pre-emptive and long-term, repeated RTX treatment is relatively effective and safe in children with SDNS. However, well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1202-1206
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• 1998

We have explored the impact of altering the Ras-cAMP pathway on cell survival upon oxidative exposures. A hyperactivated Ras mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, intrinsically more sensitive to heat shock than the wild type, was investigated with regard to oxidative stress. In this paper we report that the response of iral, ira2-deleted mutant (IR2.53) to an oxidant, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or menadione is more sensitive than that of the wild type. IR2.53 showed a dramatic decrease in survival rate when challenged with 0.1 mM H2O2 for 30 min. The greater sensitivity of IR2.53 was also noticed with treatment of 0.01 mM menadione. Prior to oxidative stresses by these oxidants, both the wild type and the mutant were preconditioned with a mild heat shock (37 ℃, 30 min), resulting in improved survivals against oxidative stresses. Rescue of IR2.53 from menadione stress by heat pretreatment was more clearly demonstrated than that from H2O2 treatment. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between the wild type and the IR2.53 mutant in their survival rates upon paraquat treatments. These findings imply that the mechanism by which H2O2 and menadione put forth their oxidative effects may be closely associated with the cAMP-Ras pathway whereas that of paraquat is independent of the Ras pathway. Finally, the level of glutathione (GSH) was measured enzymatically as an indicator of antioxidation and compared with the survival rate. Taken all these together, this study provides an insight into a mechanism of the Ras pathway regulated by several oxidants and suggests that the Ras pathway plays a crucial role in protection of cell damage following oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.249-273
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• 2012

Certain professionals face repeated exposure to traumatic events throughout their career. Although typically linked to pathological outcomes, research has identified sustained positive benefits and posttraumatic growth (PTG) as consistent posttrauma outcomes in occupational exposed to trauma. This study investigated the association of occupation, subjective psychological distress to a traumatic event, and demographic characteristics with posttraumatic growth in emergency workers (firefighters, rescue, and ambulance personnel), subway operators, and child protective service workers. The study led to the following conclusions: First, all three groups are risk groups of PTSD, especially, subway operators demonstrated the highest degree. Child protective service workers demonstrated the highest degree of PTG and emergency workers and subway operators followed respectively. Second, vicarious trauma and PTG were significantly correlated, in particular, invasion and avoidance were more highly correlated. Third, multivariate analysis revealed that occupation, invasion, avoidance, religion, and sex were significantly associated with PTG. Discussion addresses the need to serve mental health service and to apply concept of PTG for occupations exposed to trauma.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.349-375
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is understanding of a life and finding suggestion about old person's welfare looking about old person's mutual behavior in an old group culture connected with Jong-Myo park.. For this, researcher has been researching and interviewing and gathering datal more than 1 year about old person in Jong-Myo park and near persons from December 2007. The data were followed by suggestion of Spradley(1979). That is categorization after confirm about territory of a old person's life who in Jong-Myo park or near. Cultural subject was confirmed through these acting that is an old person forgetting from group culture or desire of revelation, Escape from land forced landing, Rescue of dead time. Through the researching of an old persons group culture location, the researcher propose the way of welfare policy about old person.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.167-174
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• 2019

In this paper, We propose the purpose the examine the physical factors that influence the success rate during the endotracheal intubation and to provide the basic data for effective intubation success. The subject of this study was 42 students in emergency rescue department who had completed the BLS Health Care-provider and a specialized airway maintenance course dealing with endotracheal intubation and it is a similar experimental study after the non-equivalence single group. For data analysis, SPSS 23.0 Version was used. The study methods were measuring the grip fotce of subjects, the angle of arm during intubation tube, distance from manikin, palm length, etc. The results showed that there was a correlation between the time of successful endotracheal intubation and the physical characteristics. In particular, when performing endotracheal intubation, it was related to the angle of the arm and the execution time of the performer, and the narrower the angle of the arm, the shorter the execution time. The results of this study suggest that successful endotracheal intubation could be implemented if the operator tried to reduce the angle of the arm when performing endotracheal intubation, and through further research on various job groups, identify the possibility of clinical use will be necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2018

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of a simulation training of BLS in paramedics in pre-hospital situation. This a nonequivalence control quasi-experimental study. The study subjects were 8 paramedics of experimental group and 8 paramedics of control group in K fire department. An informed consent was written by the subjects after explaining of the purpose of the study. The study methods consisted of conventional education and practice training. The conventional education was done for 30 minutes and the practice training was taken by four trainees of one group and the instructor demonstrated Basic Iife Support (BLS) performance for three minutes. Each trainer peformed BLS for ten minutes. In the beginning of the course, two paramedics got off from the ambulance and performed BLS including 5 cycles of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Soon after the BLS, another two paramedics performed pre-hospital BLS survey. The education was guided by two professors of emergency medical technology, two Basic Iife Support instructors, and two emergency rescue directors. Pre-hospital BLS was measured by a 5-point Likert scale. Higher score means higher performance skills. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0 program set at significance level of p<05. The effect of simulation education was much more significant than the conventional education in BLS. The simulation education is very important and effective in improving the clinical performance skills of paramedics than the conventional education. The simulation education can provide the virtual environment of cardiac arrest to the paramedics. In conclusion, the simulation education can provide the effective teaching methods for various practice performance skills and solution by critical thinking in the paramedics and healthcare providers in the future.