• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2010

Natural gas is one of the most promising alternatives to gasoline and diesel fuels because of its high thermal efficiency and lower harmful emissions, including $CO_2$. However, the possibility of partial burn and misfire makes the benefits of natural gas fueled engine worse under lean burn operation condition, Hydrogen addition can promote the combustion characteristics while reduces emissions extremely. In this study, the effect of hydrogen addition on an engine performance was investigated. The results showed that thermal efficiency was increased due to the expansion of lean operation range under stable operation. NOx emission can be significantly reduced with the small increase in HC or CO emissions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 1995

스파크 점화기관에서 화염전파과정에 관한 연구를 수행하기 위하여는, 초기화염핵 구간에서의 화염의 형성과 발달의 거동을 정확히 파악하여야 한다. 그러므로 화염핵의 형성과 발달에 영향을 미치는 최소 화염핵 크기의 이론적인 계산을 수행하였다. 이론식을 정립하기 위하여 열점화 이론을 이용하였다. 최소 화염핵 크기를 계산하기 위해 열전도 계수, 화염온도, 층류연소속도, 기타 열역학적 상태량 등을 계산하였다. 계산에 의존한 화염핵 크기의 신뢰성을 확인하기 위하여, 점화에너지를 변화시킬 수 있는 점화장치를 사용하여 실기 운전을 통하여 희박연소 한계가 그 때의 화염핵이 성정할 수 있는 영역이라고 가정하여 그 정확도를 확인 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2013

Hydrogen-natural gas blends(HCNG) engine is optimizing technology of performance and emission characteristics with use of hydrogen's fast flame speed and wide flammability limit. As lean-burn limit is extended, the improvement in thermal efficiency and harmful emissions can be achieved. However, the extension of lean-burn limit under a wide open throttle operation point could be realized with the increase in boosting capacity in a lean-burn engine with turbo-charging system. In the present study, the power output characteristics of HCNG engine with turbo-charger change is assessed and feasibility of the increase in boosting capacity is evaluated. The turbo-charger design with high efficiency at higher flow rate rather than higher boosting pressure makes efficient operation possible at relatively rich mixture condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.39 no.9
• /
• pp.727-734
• /
• 2015

Recently, because of the increased oil prices globally, there have been studies investigating the improvement of fuel-conversion efficiency in internal combustion engines. The improvements realized in thermal efficiency using lean combustion are essential because they enable us to realize higher thermal efficiency in gasoline engines because lean combustion leads to an increase in the heat-capacity ratio and a reduction of the combustion temperature. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines enable lean combustion by injecting fuel directly into the cylinder and controlling the combustion parameters precisely. However, the extension of the flammability limit and the stabilization of lean combustion are required for the commercialization of GDI engines. The reduction characteristics of three-way catalysts (TWC) for lean combustion engines are somewhat limited owing to the high excess air ratio and low exhaust gas temperature. Therefore, in the present study, we assess the reaction of exhaust gases and their production in terms of the development of efficient TWCs for lean-burn GDI engines at 2000 rpm / BMEP 2 bar operating conditions, which are frequently used when evaluating the fuel consumption in passenger vehicles. At the lean-combustion operating point, $NO_2$ was produced during combustion and the ratio of $NO_2$ increased, while that of $N_2O$ decreased as the excess air ratio increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2003

An LPG engine for heavy-duty vehicles has been developed using liquid phase LPG injection (hereafter LPLi) system which has regarded as one of the next generation LPG fuel supply systems. In this wort to investigate the lean bum characteristics of heavy-duty LPLi engine, various injection timing (SOI, start of injection) and double ignition method were tested. The results showed that lean misfire limit of LPLi engine could be extended. by 0.2 $\lambda$ value, using the optimal SOI timing in LPLi system. Double ignition method test was carried out by installing the second spark plug and modified ignition circuit to ignite two spark plugs simultaneously. Double ignition resulted in the stable combustion under ultra lean bum condition, below $\lambda=1.7$, and extension of lean misfire limit compare to ordinary case. Therefore, LPLi engine with optimal SOI and double ignition method could be normally operated at around $\lambda=1.9$ and showed higher engine performance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.84-91
• /
• 2006

A heavy duty hydrogen-natural gas fueled engine can obtain stable operation at ultra lean conditions and reduce emissions extremely. Reduction of $CO_2$ in its engine is one of the most benefit. In this study, rate of hydrogen addition($R_{dH2}$) and compression ratio($\varepsilon$) were investigated including performance of this engine. As results, it was found that phenomenon of pressure oscillation when increasing $R_{dH2}$ and $\varepsilon$, it means occurring knock. It consider that pressure oscillation was increased due to fast burning speed of hydrogen. Even if same compression ratio, pressure oscillation was remarkable increased according to increasing $R_{dH2}$. Therefore, limit compression ratio of knock occurring was reduced by increasing $R_{dH2}$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2011

Although CNG is able to meet the current emission standards, it is expected to be impossible to satisfy the requirements of the next EURO-6 emission regulation without an additional after-treatment device. Hydrogen is known to be a gaseous fuel which features the wide flammability limit and the fast reactivity. A certain amount of hydrogen addition to CNG is able to extend the lean combustion range and produce lesser amounts of harmful emissions. In this research, the combustion and emission characteristics of HCNG(mixture of Hydrogen and CNG) fuel were experimented in an 11-liter heavy duty lean burn engine varying hydrogen contents, air-to-fuel ratio and spark timing. The optimization of this HCNG engine for a city bus was performed through the evaluations of oxidation catalyst characteristics.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 1986

점차 엄격해지는 요구조건을 만족시켜 주기 위해서는 승용차용 엔진의 실제특성과 운전특성을 지 배하는 설계변수의 조절은 불가피하며, 그중에서도 엔진의 핵심부인 연소질의 설계는 가장 중요 하다. 부분 부하에서의 SI기관의 연료경제성을 향상시키는 가장 좋은 방법이 압축비를 상승시 키는 것이므로, 앞으로의 여소실은 고압축비에서도 옥탄가가 높은 연료를 요구하는 성향을 낮 추는 특성을 갖고 있어야 한다. 새로운 엔진의 향상을 최적화하기 위하여는 quench area의 크 기와 위치 그리고 적절한 quench distance의 성질이 중요하며, 또한 연소실의 소형화, 스파크 플러크의 위치, 표면적/체적의 비 그리고 화염전파거리등도 고려에 넣어야 한다. 승용차용 엔진의 요구조건은 연소실을 피스톤 크라운에 위치시키는 용이한 방법을 통하여 해결될 수 있으며, 이 러한 형상의 연소실은 실린더 헤드에 장치한 연소실과 비교하여 다음과 같은 장점을 갖고 있다. - 스파크 플러그 주변에 연소실을 배치하기 쉽다. - 연소실 내에 quench area의 설정이 자유롭다. - 연소실 layout의 개조없이 압축비의 설정이 자유롭다. - 연소실의 조합이 간단하다. - 실린더벽으로의 열손실이 감소되어 열효율이 증대된다. - 공연비의 희박가능한계가 크다. - EGR성능이 향상되어 NOx 의 배출과 연료소비율이 감소된다. - 필요하다면 연소실실 또는 직접분사식 Diesel 기관으로서의 개조가 간단하다. 만약 생산단가가 크게 상승하지 않는다면, NOx의 배출과 연료소비율이 작으면서도, 비출력이 큰 4-밸브 연소실이 실용화 될 전망이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2016

The conventional natural gas engine realized lean combustion for the improved efficiency. However, in order to cope with exhaust gas regulations enforced gradually, the interest has shifted at the stoichiometric mixture combustion system. The stoichiometric mixture combustion method has the advantage of a three-way catalyst utilization whose purification efficiency is high, but the problem of thermal durability and the fuel economy remains as a challenge. Hydrogen-natural gas blend fuel (HCNG) can increase the rate of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) because the hydrogen increases burning speed and lean flammability limit. The increase in the EGR rate can have a positive impact on heat resistance of the engine due to the decreased combustion temperature, and further can increase the compression ratio for efficient combustion. In this study, to minimize the exhaust emission developed HCNG engine with stoichiometric combustion method, developed three-way catalyst was applied to evaluate the conversion characteristics. The tests were carried out during the steady state and transient operating conditions, and the results were compared for both the conventional and proto-three-way catalyst of HCNG engine for city buses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2013

As emission regulation for vehicle has been reinforced, many researches carried out for HCNG(hydrogen-natural gas blends) fuel to the conventional compressed natural gas (CNG) engine. However, abnormal combustion such as backfire, pre-ignition or knocking can be caused due to high combustion speed of hydrogen and it can result in over heating of engine or reduction of thermal efficiency and power output. In the present study, improvement of combustion performance was observed with HCNG fuel since it can extend a flammability limit. Knocking characteristics for CNG and HCNG fuel were investigated. Feasibility of HCNG fuel was evaluated by checking the knock margin according to excess air ratio. The operation of engine with HCNG was stable at minimum advance for best torque(MBT) spark timing and knock phenomena were not detected. However, it is necessary to prepare higher knock tendency since possibility of knock is higher with HCNG fuel.