• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.350-356
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• 2002

Low density polyethylene(LDPE) film was fabricated with the addition of benzoic acid, or/and JP which contained water-soluble silica adsorbed a natural antimicrobial compounds. The used antimicrobial compounds were isolated from culture broths of methylotropic actinomycetes strains MO-16 and MO-17 which was newly isolated from soils. An antimicrobial compound retained antimicrobial activity after heat treatment at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. JP, which obtained from Japan as a antimicrobial agent, showed antimicrobial activity in the concentration of 100 mg/mL. The silica LDPE film revealed the growth inhibition of total aerobic bacteria in packaged minced pork compared with commercial film and of E. coil on a contained agar plate. In the storage testing of various packaged foods at room temperature for 30 days, the film showed excellent preservation compared with commercial film in case of small tomato and Agaricus bisporus.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1995

The monolayer characteristics of phosphate amphiphiles with azobenzene at air/water interface were studied by the measurment of $\pi-A$ curves and absorption spectra. Immediately after being spread on the water surface, these amphiphiles having strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions showed the typical absorption spectra which resulted from domain formation. But the aggregated domains could be controlled by changing the subphase conditions (adding bulky salt and rasing pH). Addition of metal ions in subphase changes the molecular orientation of monolayer. As the metal ion charge increases ($1\leq2$ < 3 < 4 valence), the absorption maximum (310nm) of the amphiphile with azobenzene shifts to a longer wavelength (350nm) which means that the orientation of the amphiphile is tilted. These results suggest that the molecular orientation, and furthermore the aggregation state of monolayer can be possibly controlled by the interaction of metal ions with different charge types.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.580-585
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• 2019

In this study, we synthesized amine-functionalized magnesium-phyllosilicates (AF-MgP) with an octahedral and tetrahedral structure using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The synthesis of AF-MgP, surface functionalization of amine and 1 : 2 ratio of the octahedral and tetrahedral structure were confirmed by FT-IR and XRD analysis. In addition, it was confirmed that AF-MgP was absorbed evenly on the surface of cotton fibers and coated on the cotton fibers from HR-SEM and EDX analysis. The antimicrobial activity test of cotton fibers according to KS confirmed that cotton fibers coated with AF-MgP particles show an enhanced antimicrobial activity against cutaneous microorganisms. Our results suggest that AF-MgP is not only applied as a functional nanomaterial that gives the cotton fiber antimicrobiality, but also can be used in the field of cosmetic and biomedical materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.226-226
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• 2021

Tetractycline은 sulfonamides, penicilines 등과 함께 축산계에서 널리 사용되는 대표적인 항생물질의 한 종류이다. 2011년 사료 내 항생제 투여를 금지한 이후 자가치료 및 예방용으로 사용되고 있으며, 가축의 체내로 투여되는 tetracycline는 주로 분뇨에 포함되어 배출되는데, 강우 등 물 순환에 따라 지표수 및 지하수로 이동하여 미생물에 독성을 일으키거나 내성균이 발생하기도 한다. Tetracycline 등의 항생물질 처리 방식으로 흡착 등 다양한 공정이 제시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 산화제 중 하나인 ferrate(VI)를 이용하여 tetracycline 분해실험을 수행하였다. ferrate(VI)는 염소산화물 및 H₂O₂에 비해 비교적 강한 산화력을 가지며, 처리 후 발생되는 철염(Fe³⁺)은 독성이 없다는 장점이 있다. Ferrate(VI)는 병원균 제거 등에 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있으며, 다양한 난분해성 물질과 항생물질을 성공적으로 분해하여 그 효과를 입증한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 자체적으로 제조한 potassium ferrate(VI)를 이용하여 다양한 수중 환경에서 tetracycline를 분해하고, 분해특성 및 중간생성물 연구를 수행하였다. Ferrate(VI)는 염기성 환경에서 tetracycline 분해효율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 pH에 따른 tetracycline과 ferrate(VI)의 이온화가 가장 큰 원인인 것으로 판단된다. 특히 ferrate(VI)는 pH가 낮을수록 쉽게 환원되는 특징이 있으며, 염기성으로 갈수록 안정화하여 오래 잔류하므로 이러한 결과가 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 중간생성물 조사 결과, ferrate(VI)와 tetracycline 사이의 분해 메커니즘은 주로 OH 라디칼로 인한 것이 대부분이며, hydroxylation과 amino group에서의 demethylation의 형태로 발생하였다. 이후 추가적인 반응으로 benzene ring이 깨지면서 결과적으로 CO₂ 및 H₂O 등으로 무기물화 되는 것으로 판단된다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.1C
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• pp.7-15
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• 2010

In case that the seepage of contaminants into the subsurface has been generated from the waste impoundment by demage of geomembrane liner, it is necessary to repair the leaks of geomembrane liner for minimizing the environmental contamination by electrophoresis method. However, when electrophoresis method is applied to leachate electrolyte system, the phenomenon of clay particles flocculation would be accelerated by the interaction between clay particles and specific chemicals in leachate. In addition, the gravitational settling behaviour would be induced superior to the electrophoretic migration behaviour. Eventually, the limitations of field applicability for using the electrophoresis method are appeared. Therefore, 1-D enhanced electrophoresis method is conducted to prevent the clay flocculation and accelerate the migration of clay particles separately. After the 1-D enhanced electrophoresis experiment, we can get the results that the deflocculation effect of clay particles is increased by electrical repulsion of polymer, which adsorbed in clay particle edge, in case of using PAA dispersing agent.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

Cheju island depends on a hydrogeologically vulnerable aquifer system as its principle source of drinking water. Most of golf courses are located in the area which is important for the ground water recharge, and pesticides are applied to golf courses often at relatively high rates. Therefore, turf pesticides in golf course should be applied without adversely impacting ground water. In this experiment, downward movement of pesticides was monitored in model greens of golf course, where different adsorbents were layered in 3-cm thickness at 35-cm depth, and effect of the adsorption layer on the leaching loss of pesticides was investigated. Major leachings were observed in the periods of heavy rain and very limited leaching was observed under artificial irrigation. Fenitrothion and triadimefon, which have relatively short persistence and high adsorption coefficient, were found in the leachate in low concentrations only at the first rainfall event, around 20 days after the pesticide application. However, diniconazole, which has a relatively long half-life (97 days), was detected in the leachate during the whole period of experiment and concentration was much higher than those of the other pesticides. Maximum leachate concentrations were 1.9, 10.3, and 84.5 ${\mu}l^{-1}$ for fenitrothion, triadimefon, and diniconazole, respectively. Therefore, in golf course green which allows rapid water percolation and has extremely low adsorption capacity, persistence in soil could be more important factor in determination of leaching potential of pesticides. Total quantity of pesticides leached from the model green was <0.2% for fenitrothion and triadimefon and 1.8% for diniconazole. Adsorption layers significantly reduced pesticide leaching, and active carbon and Orpar were more effective than zeolite. In the model green having adsorption layer of active carbon or Orpar, leaching loss of pesticides was reduced below 0.01% of the initial application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.723-729
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• 2004

To develop foods using dried persimmon, hot-water extracts of dried persimmons were added into strong wheat flour in the ratio of 10, 20, 30, and 40% and the quality characteristics of baked products were investigated. The proximate compositions of dried persimmons hot-water extracts were 70.37% of moisture, 1.72% of crude protein, 0.18% of crude lipids, 1.99% of crude ash and 4.37% of crude fiber, respectively. With increasing the addition of dried persimmons hot-water extracts, moisture content of the added breads was increased to 47.20% from 41.12% of non-added bread and water activity to 0.576 from 0.495. Water binding capacity of the added dried persimmons hot-water extracts rasied weight of the bread but decreased specific volume. In the hunter's color values the more dried persimmons hot-water extracts was added, the lower L vaules we, and the higher a and b values we. In the texture property, the addition of dried persimmons hot-water extracts increased hardness, gumminess and chewiness, while decreased adhesiveness and fracturability. Judging from texture, taste and overall acceptability of the product, recommended substitution level for hot-water extracts of dried persimmons in bread was 30% or less.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.185-195
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• 2012

Due to the high reduction and sorption capacity as well as the large specific surface area, nanosized mackinawite (FeS) is useful in reductively transforming chlorinated organic pollutants and sequestering toxic metals and metalloids. Due to the dynamic nature in its colloid stability, however, nanosized FeS may be washed out with the groundwater flow or result in aquifer clogging via particle aggregation. Thus, these nanoparticles should be modified such as to be built into permeable reactive barriers. This study employed coating methods in efforts to facilitate the installation of permeable reactive barriers of nanosized mackinawite. In applying the methods, nanosized mackinawite was coated on non-treated silica sand (NTS) and chemically treated silica sand (CTS). For both silica sands, the maximum coating of mackinawite occurred around pH 5.4, the condition of which was governed by (1) the solubility of mackinawite and (2) the surface charge of both silica and mackinawite. Under this pH condition, the maximum coating by NTS and CTS were found to be 0.101 mmol FeS/g and 0.043 mmol FeS/g respectively, with such elevated coatings by NTS likely linked with impurities (e.g., iron oxides) on its surface. Arsenite sorption experiments were performed under anoxic conditions using uncoated silica sands and those coated with mackinawite at the optimal pH to compare their reactivity. At pH 7, the relative sorption efficiency between uncoated NTS and coated NTS changed with the initial concentration of arsenite. At the lower initial concentration, uncoated NTS showed the higher sorption efficiency, whereas at the higher concentration, coated NTS exhibited the higher sorption efficiency. This could be attributed to different sorption mechanisms as a function of arsenite concentration: the surface complexation of arsenite with the iron oxide impurity on silica sand at the low concentration and the precipitation as arsenic sulfides by reaction with mackinawite coating at the high concentration. Compared to coated NTS, coated CTS showed the lower arsenite removal at pH 7 due to its relatively lower mackinawite coating. Taken together, our results indicate that NTS is a more effective material than CTS for the coating of nanosized mackinawite.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.734-744
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• 2011

A soil stabilization method is an effective and practical remediation alternative for arsenic (As) and heavy metal contaminated farmland soils nearby abandoned metal mine in Korea. This method is a technique whereby amendments are incorporated and mixed with a contaminated soil. Toxic metal bind to the amendments, which reduce their mobility in soil, so the successful stabilization of multi-element contaminated soil depends on the combination of critical elements in the soil and the type of amendments. The objective of this study is to investigate the treatment effects and applicability of limestone (LS) and steel refining slag (SRS) as the amendment for farmland soil contaminated with As and heavy metals, and a lab-column test was conducted for achieving this purpose. The result showed that soil treated with LS and SRS maintained pH buffer capacity and, as a result, the heavy metal leaching concentration was quite low below the water quality standard compared to untreated soil which leachate exceeding the water quality standard was observed, however, the arsenic concentration rather increased with increasing mixture ratio of SRS. This was believed to be related to phosphorus (P) contained in SRS, and dominancy in the competitive adsorption relation between As and P binding strongly to iron might be different according to soil characteristic. We suggested that LS is a effective amendment for reducing heavy metals in soil, and SRS should be used after investigating its applicability based on the adsorption selectivity of arsenic and phosphorus in selected soil.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

Temporal changes of metal solubility have been repeatedly observed in soils equilibrated with metal salt solutions. This phenomenon is known as aging, yet factors that affect the degree of metal aging remain largely unexamined. In this study, we compared the extent of aging on metal partitioning depending on soil, metal, and metal loading. Five soils spiked with four levels of Cd (2.5-20 mg ${kg}^{-1}$), Cu, and Zn (50-400 mg ${kg}^{-1}$) salt solutions were aged in the laboratory up to 1 year. The partitioning coefficient ($K_d$) of each metal was calculated from the ratio of total to dissolved metal concentration in samples collected at times ranging from 1 day to 1 year. The highest $K_d$ values for Cd, Cu and Zn were recorded in a Histosol, Andisol, and fine-textured Alfisol, respectively, whereas the lowest $K_d$ was recorded for an Oxisol and coarsetextured Alfisol. For all soils, a pattern of increasing Kd with aging was evident for Cd and Zn, but not Cu. Rapid Cu sorption was limited when dissolved organic matter was high in soils. In highly-retentive soils, $K_d$ values seemed to be insensitive to metal loading, although a longer period was required for the higher metal loadings to reach the same degree of metal aging as the lower loadings. In soils with low sorption capacity, the $K_d$ values were determined more by metal loading than by aging. Therefore, marked differences can be expected in the degree of metal aging in spiked soils by the soil type, metal and amount of metal added.