• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.107.1-107.1
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• 2010

고체 흡수제를 이용한 석탄합성가스 중의 황제거 기술은 습식 스크러빙 방식에 비해 고온에서 운전가능하므로 석탄가스화복합발전의 효율 향상을 가져올 수 있다. 고체탈황제는 서로 연결된 두 개의 유동층 반응기를 순환하면서 흡수탑에서는 합성가스 중의 $H_2S$로부터 황을 흡수하고 재생탑에서는 공기 중의 산소와 흡수된 황이 반응하여 $SO_2$를 배출하고 재생된다. 따라서 고체 황 흡수제는 유동층 공정에 응용가능한 물성과 함께 높은 황흡수능과 빠른 반응성이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 기존 개발된 고체 탈황제가 가졌던 소성시 수축 현상, 낮은 내마모도 등을 개선하기 위해 지지체 조성을 변경하여 개발한 분무성형 탈황제의 흡수 재생 온도에 따른 황흡수 특성 변화를 조사하였다. $H_2S$ 1 vol. %를 함유한 모사 합성가스를 이용하여 흡수온도 450, $500^{\circ}C$, 재생온도 500, 550, 600, $650^{\circ}C$에서 황 흡수능을 열중량분석기를 이용하여 측정하였다. 개발된 흡수제는 유동층 공정 적용에 적합한 훌륭한 물성(형상, 밀도, 강도 등)과 함께 $500^{\circ}C$ 흡수와 $650^{\circ}C$ 재생을 기준으로 10 wt% 이상의 높은 황흡수능을 보여주었다. 흡수온도 변화는 황 흡수능 변화에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 재생온도가 $600^{\circ}C$ 이하인 경우 황흡수능이 5 wt% 이하로 크게 떨어져 재생온도를 $650^{\circ}C$ 이상 유지시키는 것이 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.1002-1007
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• 2012

The considerable portion of energy demand has been satisfied by the combustion of fossil fuel and the consequent $CO_2$ emission was considered as a main cause of global warming. As a technology option for $CO_2$ emission mitigation, absorption process has been used in $CO_2$ capture from large scale emission sources. To set up optimal operating parameters in $CO_2$ absorption and solvent regeneration units are important for the better performance of the whole $CO_2$ absorption plant. Optimal operating parameters are usually selected through a lot of actual operation data. However theoretical approach are also useful because the arbitrary change of process parameters often limited for the stability of process operation. In this paper, a theoretical approach based on vapor-liquid equilibrium was proposed to estimate optimal operating conditions of $CO_2$ absorption process. Two $CO_2$ absorption processes using 12 wt% aqueous $NH_3$ solution and 20 wt% aqueous MEA solution were investigated in this theoretical estimation of optimal operating conditions. The results showed that $CO_2$ loading of rich absorbent should be kept below 0.4 in case of 12 wt% aqueous $NH_3$ solution for $CO_2$ absorption but there was no limitation of $CO_2$ loading in case of 20 wt% aqueous MEA solution for $CO_2$ absorption. The optimal regeneration temperature was determined by theoretical approach based on $CO_2$ loadings of rich and lean absorbent, which determined to satisfy the amount of absorbed $CO_2$. The amount of heating medium at optimal regeneration temperature is also determined to meet the difference of $CO_2$ loading between rich and lean absorbent. It could be confirmed that the theoretical approach, which accurately estimate the optimal regeneration conditions of lab scale $CO_2$ absorption using 12 wt% aqueous $NH_3$ solution could estimate those of 20 wt% aqueous MEA solution and could be used for the design and operation of $CO_2$ absorption process using chemical absorbent.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.110.2-110.2
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• 2010

현재 상용가능한 연소전 $CO_2$ 포집 기술은 습식 스크러빙 방식으로 고온의 합성가스를 상온 수준으로 온도를 낮춘 후 $CO_2$를 포집해야 하고 포집된 $CO_2$의 압력이 낮아 재압축하여 저장소로 보내야 함에 따라 큰 폭의 열효율 손실이 불가피하다. 고온 고압에서 이산화탄소를 포집할수 있는 고체 흡수제를 이용할 경우 이산화탄소 포집 치 저장 추가에 따른 시스템 효율 저하를 최소화할 수 있다. 고체 $CO_2$ 흡수제는 서로 연결된 두 개의 유동층 반응기를 순환하면서 흡수탑에서는 합성가스 중의 $CO_2$를 흡수하고 재생탑에서는 고온의 수증기와 접촉하여 흡수된 $CO_2$를 다시 배출함으로써 재생된다. 따라서 건식 재생 $CO_2$ 흡수제는 유동층 공정에 응용가능한 물성과 함께 높은 $CO_2$ 흡수능과 빠른 반응성이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 유동층 공정에 적합한 물성을 가진 연소전 $CO_2$ 포집용 고체 흡수제를 분무건조법으로 제조하였으며, 모사 합성가스를 이용하여 열중량분석기와 기포유동층반응기를 이용하여 $200^{\circ}C$ 흡수, $400^{\circ}C$ 재생, 압력 20 bar 조건으로 반응성을 측정하였다. 개발된 고체 $CO_2$ 흡수제는 열중량분석기에서는 반응 후 10-13 wt%의 무게증가를 나타내었고 기포유동층반응기에서는 8-10 wt%의 $CO_2$ 흡수능을 보여주었다. 특히 수증기의 함량이 10% 이상에서 높은 흡수능을 나타내어 수증기가 반응에 크게 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.947-953
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• 2017

In this study, the regeneration efficiency of the amino acid salt absorbent which can be applied to carbon dioxide absorption / regeneration process was confirmed. The regeneration efficiency has a great influence on the economical judgment of the process. so, continuous regeneration experiment was conducted to establish economical process. The amino acid salts used in the experiments are Potassium L-lysinate and Potassium L-alaninate. Each amino acid and potassium hydroxide(KOH) were mixed at a 1: 2 molar ratio. In order to confirm the regeneration efficiency of the absorbent, carbon dioxide was absorbed in the two materials, and the carbon dioxide desorption experiment was carried out by heating. The initial reaction rate was L-alanine was faster. Over time, L-lysine, desorption higher concentrations of carbon dioxide. L-lysine showed higher regeneration efficiency than L-alanine, (L-alanine 47.26% and L-lysine 62.11%). As a result of the continuous regeneration experiment using the L-lysine having good absorption and regeneration efficiency, it was confirmed that the regeneration efficiency decreases as the number of regeneration increases.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 2010

In the field of the $CO_2$ absorption process using aqueous ammonia, the effects of regeneration pressure and temperature on $CO_2$ absorption performances of the aqueous ammonia were investigated. The absorbents were prepared by dissolving ammonium carbonate solid in water to grant the resulted solution 0.5 $CO_2$ loading ($mol\;CO_2/mol\;NH_3$) and various ammonia concentration (14, 20, 26 and 32 wt%). As-prepared absorbents were regenerated at high pressure and temperature (over $120^{\circ}C$ and 6 bar) before the absorption test. The absorption test was carried out by injecting the simulated gas that contains 12 vol% of $CO_2$ into a bubbling reactor. The introduction of 26 wt% of the ammonia concentration for $CO_2$ absorption test resulted in the higher absorption capacities than other experimental conditions. In particular, when the absorbents with 26 wt% of the ammonia were regenerated at $150^{\circ}C$ and 14 bar, the highest absorption capacity, $45ml\;CO_2/g$, was obtained. According to the analysis of absorbents using acid-base titration, the ammonia loss during the regeneration of the absorbents with a fixed ammonia concentration decreased as the regeneration pressure increased, while it increased as the regeneration temperature increased. In the condition of fixed regeneration pressure and temperature, as expected, the ammonia loss increased as the ammonia concentration increased. The measured $CO_2$ loadings and ammonia concentrations of absorbents were compared to the values calculated by Electrolyte NRTL model in Aspen Plus.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.333-338
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated carbonation-regeneration and agglomeration characteristics of dry sorbents. Experiment has been proceeded in the batch-type reactor, which is made of quartz: 0.05 m of I.D and 0.8 m in height. The sorbents that is collected at the cyclone of the carbonation reactor of continuous process were used in this study. The reactivity was studied at the various concentrations of water vapor, $N_2$ and $CO_2$ in the fluidizing gas at regeneration reaction. As a result, the reactivity increased as the regeneration temperature increased, the reactivity decreased as the concentration of water vapor increased. The absorption capacity showed the highest value in case of using $N_2$ 100% as regeneration gas. And decreased in order of $H_2O+N_2$, $CO_2$ 100% and $H_2O+CO_2$. The agglomeration characteristics were investigated according to the particle sizes and concentrations of water vapor at carbonation reaction. As a result, the particle with smaller size and higher concentration of water vapor showed the higher agglomeration characteristic.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.763-769
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• 2021

In this study, ionic liquids were synthesized to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) on a laboratory scale. The vapor-liquid absorption equilibrium device (VLE) was used to investigate the carbon dioxide absorption capacity. In the regeneration study, the absorption capacity after regeneration was reduced by approximately 7% for all ionic liquids, in which the anion was sulfite-based, showing excellent regeneration. Ethyl sulfite showed the highest absorption capacity of CO2 among the ionic liquids based on the sulfite anion. In particular, the absorption capacity of [beim] ethyl sulfite was 1.1 mol CO2 / mol IL at an absorption equilibrium pressure of 22 bar. In the regeneration study, the absorption capacity after regeneration was reduced by approximately 7% for all ionic liquids, in which the anion was sulfite-based, from which regeneration is outstanding. After the absorption experiment, the viscosity of the sample tended to decrease by approximately 8% compared to that before the absorption experiment. On the other hand, the absorbent was synthesized in the first step. Moreover, the raw material used is also inexpensive and has excellent reproducibility and highly stable absorbent capacity.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.111.1-111.1
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• 2010

석탄가스화복합발전(IGCC: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)의 고온 고압 합성가스로부터 $CO_2$를 저비용으로 포집하기 위한 연소전 포집 기술 중 유동층 촉진수성가스전환(SEWGS) 공정이 제안되어 연구개발 중에 있다. 연소전 $CO_2$ 포집을 위한 SEWGS 공정은 동일한 2탑 순환 유동층 반응기에서 고온 고압의 합성가스($H_2$, CO)를 유동층 WGS 촉매를 사용하여 CO를 $CO_2$로 전환하는 동시에 전환반응으로 생성된 $CO_2$를 흡수제를 이용하여 포집하는 기술이다. 본 연구는 $CO_2$ 회수와 WGS 반응이 동시에 이루어지는 공정에 적용 가능한 건식 재생 흡수제 및 유동층 WGS 촉매 개발을 목표로 $CO_2$ 흡수제(P Series) 및 WGS 촉매(PC Series) 조성을 제안하고 분무건조기를 이용하여 6~8kg/batch로 성형 제조하였다. 제조된 $CO_2$ 흡수제 및 촉매의 특성 평가 결과 내마모도(Attrition resistance)를 포함한 물리적 특성이 유동층 공정의 요구조건을 만족하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 모사 석탄 합성가스를 이용하여 20bar, $200^{\circ}C$ 흡수/$400^{\circ}C$ 재생 조건에서 열중량 분석기(TGA) 및 가압 유동층(Fluidized-bed) 반응기를 통한 흡수제의 $CO_2$ 흡수능 평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과 내마모도(AI) 3% 이하로 기계적 강도가 우수하며, $CO_2$ 흡수능 17.6 wt%(TGA) 및 11wt%(가압 유동층)를 나타냈다. 유동층 WGS 특성 평가 결과 내마모도가 7~35%로 우수하였고, CO 전환율은 $200^{\circ}C$에서 80% 이상으로, 유동층 SEWGS 공정에 적용 가능한 특성을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.05b
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• pp.1119-1122
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 상용 이온성 액체를 대체하기 위해 손쉽게 구입할 수 있는 원료물질을 사용하여 이온성 액체를 실험실 규모로 제조한 후 고압 연소전 조건에서 이산화탄소의 용해도 및 재생력을 측정하기 위해 기-액 흡수평형장치를 이용하여 연구하였다. [eeim]ethyl sulfite를 제조하여 흡수실험을 실시한 결과 흡수평형압력이 25bar의 조건에서 0.72 mol $CO_2$ /mol IL의 흡수력을 보였으며, 재생성능은 탈착 전후의 흡수력 차이가 약 9%로 우수한 편이었다. 희석제를 첨가하였을 경우 흡수력은 약 38% 감소하였으나, 합성단계가 간단하며 원료물질이 저렴한 장점을 가지고 있다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.349-354
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• 2009

In this study, a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor was used to study $CO_2$ capture from flue gas using a potassium-based dry sorbent. A dry sorbent, manufactured by the Korea Electric Power Research Institute, consists of 35% of $K_2CO_3$ for $CO_2$ absorption and 65% of supporters for mechanical strength. $H_2O$, a reactant of the carbonation reaction, was supplied in the reactor as a form of saturated water vapor at a given temperature. The experiment of the regeneration reaction was performed by raising up to a given temperature using $N_2$ as a fluidization gas. It was indicated that sorption capacity and regenerability of dry sorbents showed high-efficiency at $1.97\;mol\;H_2O/mol\;CO_2$ and $400^{\circ}C$, respectively. The regenerated sorbent samples were analyzed by TGA to confirm the extent of the reaction. When the regeneration temperature was $150^{\circ}C$, the regenerability of dry sorbents was about 60%, which was capable of applying those sorbents to a two-interconnected fluidized-bed reactor system with continuous solid circulation. The results obtained in this study can be used as basic data for designing and operating a large scale $CO_2$ capture process with two fluidized-bed reactors.