• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2001

The incidence of lung cancer and its mortality rate are increasing in Korea. At the time of diagnosis, 40% patients of lung cancer patients had metastatic lesions. The common metastatic sites are the contralateral lung, bone, liver, adrenal gland and the brain. Metastasis to oral mucosa is rarely encountered in lung cancer and metastasis to the gingiva is more uncommon. Approximately 1% of malignant carcinomas in the oral cavity are the result of metastases, and 10-25% of metastatic cancers originate from lung cancer. Clinically metastatic gingival lesions are benign including hemangioma, pyogenic granuloma, giant-cell granuloma or a peripheral fibroma. Often metastases to the gingiva are diagnosed too late and by the time they are detected, they have metastases to other organs. Here we report a case of small cell lung carcinoma that had metastased to the gingiva with review of relevant literature.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 2002

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP) is a disorder in which an insoluble, proteinaceous material, rich in phospholipids, is deposited in the alveoli and bronchioles. The deficiency in the clearance and degradation of the intra-alveolar phospholipoproteinaceous material in PAP most likely represents a dysfunction of the type II pneumocytes. Although the pathogenesis and causative treatment of PAP is unclear a whole lung bronchopulmonary lavage is a relatively safe and effective treatment. Here we experienced a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a 62 year old female patient who had pulmonary tuberculosis approximately 20 years ago. She complained of aggravated dyspnea and chronic cough, and presented fine inspiratory crackles at both lung fields, diffuse ground glass opacity with some area of consolidation and smooth interlobular septal thickenings in both upper, right middled lobes, and a portion of right lower lobe. Optical microscopy of the lung tissue obtained by and open lung biopsy revealed many granulomas containing acid-fast smear positive bacilli and diffuse homogeneous PAS-positive fluid in the alveolar space. Immunohistochemical stain showed surfactant. A in the alveolar space. Antituberculosis drugs with bronchoalveolar lavage were used to treat the disease. Thereafter she showed improvement in her symptoms and a partial improvement in the chest X-ray and HRCT findings. We present a case of PAP associated with pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.378-384
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• 2001

Systemic arterialization of the lung without sequestration is the rarest form of congenital anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lung, where an anomalous systemic artery arising from aorta supplies a normal unsequestrated segment of the lung. The non-sequestrated lung parenchyma which is supplied by an aberrant artery, has no parenchymal or bronchial abnormalities, and there is a normal connection with the bronchial trees. The symptoms of this disease varies. In most patients, it is often asymptomatic, but symptoms including dyspnea, hemoptysis, and central nervous system complications are possible. Here, we report a case of systemic arterialization of the lung without sequestration, which confirmed by angiography, with a review of the literature.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2005

Pulmonary sequestration is a very rare congenital malformation in which a mass of pulmonary tissue is detached from the normal lung and receives its blood supply from a systemic artery. It may be clinically asymptomatic or it has a wide spectrum of various clinical manifestations. The clinical therapeutic approach is to resect the sequestered lobe to prevent frequent complication such as infection. The arterial embolization of feeding artery is a new technique and a less invasive treatment than conventional surgical removal. We have experienced a 17-year-old male with pulmonary sequestration whose complaints were pain in left lower chest. He was diagnosed by computed tomography and aortography and successfully treated with embolization of feeding artery. We report a case of pulmonary sequestration treated with arterial embolization instead of surgery.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2011

Background: A tuberculous destroyed lung is sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis and causes various respiratory symptoms and pulmonary dysfunction. The patients with a tuberculous destroyed lung account for a significant portion of those with chronic lung disease in Korea. However, few reports can be found in the literature. We investigated the computed tomography (CT) findings in a tuberculous destroyed lung and the correlation with lung function. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out for 44 patients who were diagnosed with a tuberculous destroyed lung at the Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital between January 2004 and December 2009. Results: A chest CT scan showed various thoracic sequelae of tuberculosis. In lung parenchymal lesions, there were cicatrization atelectasis in 37 cases (84.1%) and emphysema in 13 cases. Bronchiectasis (n=39, 88.6%) was most commonly found in airway lesions. The mean number of destroyed bronchopulmonary segments was 7.7 (range, 4~14). The most common injured segment was the apicoposterior segment of the left upper lobe (n=36, 81.8%). In the pulmonary function test, obstructive ventilatory defects were observed in 31 cases (70.5%), followed by a mixed (n=7) and restrictive ventilatory defect (n=5). The number of destroyed bronchopulmonary segments showed a significant negative correlation with forced vital capacity (FVC), % predicted (r=-0.379, p=0.001) and forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$), % predicted (r=-0.349, p=0.020). After adjustment for age and smoking status (pack-years), the number of destroyed segments also showed a significant negative correlation with FVC, % predicted (B=-0.070, p=0.014) and $FEV_1$, % predicted (B=-0.050, p=0.022). Conclusion: Tuberculous destroyed lungs commonly showed obstructive ventilatory defects, possibly due to bronchiectasis and emphysema. There was negative correlation between the extent of destruction and lung function.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.389-393
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• 1999

Endometriosis is defined as an extrauterine growth of endometrial tissue and it is primarily limited in the pelvis but it can also occur in the pleural cavity as well as pulmonary parenchyme. The diagnosis of pulmonary endometriosis is usually based on the clinical history of recurrent hemoptysis in association with menstrual cycle and by histopathologic confirmation of endometrial tissue in the lung parenchyme. Pulmonary endometriosis was first reported by Lattes in 1956. and dozens of cases have been reported so far. We experienced a case of 25 year old single woman with a history of hemoptysis in association with her menstruation. The bleeding focus was localized with chest CT scan and repeated fibrooptic bronchoscopy and basal segmentectomy of the right lower lobe was performed. The resected specimen shows endometrial stroma and glands of early proliferative phase with respiratory epithelium on the laterobasal bronchus. Her postoperative course was uneventful with no recurrence of hemoptysis during 6 months of follow-up in the outpatient clinic.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2007

A glomus tumor is composed of modified smooth muscle cells that are similar to those of the glomus body. Its occurrence in the trachea is quite rare. To our knowledge, only 20 cases of glomus tumor of the trachea have been reported worldwide and there has been only 1 case in Korea. We report one case of a 58-year-old man with dyspnea who had a glomus tumor in the upper trachea with a review of literatures. The chest CT scan and bronchoscopy demonstrated a 2.5 cm sized lobulated tumor at the posterior wall of the upper trachea. It had an elongated shape with a broad base and with a highly vascularity. A simple resection of 3 levels of the trachearing was with a tumor and end-to-end anastomosis performed. Microscopic and immunohistochemical staining of the tumor revealed the characteristics of a glomus tumor.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3303-3307
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was attemped to investigate the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of 74-year-old female who developed pneumoperitoneum as complications of chest compression from sudden cardiac arrest. Such chest compression is the same one excercised to by-stander and paramedics. A healthy 74 year female had a sudden mental deterioration while working at a restaurant. She was transfered from 119 emergency medical system to the hospital. After the symptom developed, by-stander called 119 who carry out 6 minutes Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Defibrillation and CPR was carried out by health provider after the arrival, and the patients spontaneous circulation returned. After Return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), patients was transferred to the nearst hopspital, but suspicious of myocardial infarction, she was again transferred to a larger scale hospital. At the hospital she took X-rays and Abdominal CT, and the results of suspicious gastro-intestinal perforation near gastro-esophageal junction, surgical repair was recommended. But in operation room, while operation went on, cardiopulmonary arrest appeared again, and she expired. For this reason, prehospital CPR needs more accurate localization of cardiac massage and serious consideration of positive pressure ventilation. Moreover, treatment of pneumoperitoneum after CPR needs more cautious consideration of patients hemodynamic stability.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate optimal CT scan parameters to minimize patient dose to the irradiation and maintain satisfactory image quality in low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) scans. In a chest anthropomorphic phantom, chest CT scans were performed at different kVp and mA within reference of 3.4mGy in volume CT Dose Index (CTDI_vol). The following quantitative parameters had been statistically evaluated: image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and figure of merit (FOM). Nine radiographers conducted the blind test to select the optimal kVp-mA combination. Results indicated that the kVp-mA combination of 80kVp-90mA, 100kVp-50mA, 120kVp-30mA and 140kVp-30mA were obtained high SNR and CNR. The 120kVp-30mA combination offered good compromise in the FOM, which showed the quality and dose performance. In the blind test, an image of 80kVp-90mA obtained a high score with 4.7 points, and 120kVp-10mA or 140kVp-10mA with a low tube current were observed severe noise and poor image quality, thus resulting in decreased diagnostic accuracy. On the other hand, in the combination of high kVp and high mA(140kVp-90mA), the image quality was improved, but the radiation dose was also increased. the FOM value of 140kVp-90mA was lower than 120kVp-30mA. The application of appropriate scan parameters in low-dose chest CT scans produced satisfactory results in dose and image quality for the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.990-995
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• 2020

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an uncommon primary immune deficiency caused by phagocytes defective in oxygen metabolite production. It results in recurrent bacterial or fungal infections. Herein, we present a case of CGD with a large pulmonary granuloma in a neonate and review the imaging findings. The patient was a 24-day-old neonate admitted to the hospital with fever. A round opacified lesion was identified on the chest radiograph. Subsequent CT and MRI revealed a round mass with heterogeneous enhancement in the right lower lobe. There were foci of diffusion restriction in the mass. Surgical biopsy of the mass revealed chronic granuloma. Finally, the neonate was diagnosed with CGD caused by mutation of the gp91^phox gene. Herein, we present the clinical and imaging findings of this unusual case of CGD.