• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2023

투구꽃속(Aconitum L.)은 미나리아재비과(Ranunculaceae)의 가장 큰 속(Genus) 중 하나로 300-400 여종(Species)이 북반구 온대지역에 분포한다(Tamura, 1993). 둥근 투구모양의 꽃받침이 특징적이며, aconitine과 같은 알칼로이드 성분을 함유하고 있어 전통적으로 약용소재로서 활용되었다(Khorana, 1968). 세뿔투구꽃(Aconitum austrokoreense Koidz.)은 한국 경상도, 전라남도에만 국지적으로 자라는 한국 특산식물이자, IUCN에서 CR(Critical Endangered) 등급으로 지정된 희귀식물이다. 이 종은 다년생이지만, 서식지에서 개체수가 적거나 유묘의 발견이 어려운 등 자생지 축소 및 절멸의 우려가 높다. 세뿔투구꽃을 보호하고 종을 보존하기 위해서는 종자 발아 · 휴면에 대한 지속적 연구와 종자번식법의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 세뿔투구꽃의 종자의 휴면유형을 분석하고 호르몬에 의해 휴면타파를 유도하였으며, 특히 발아 2단계에서 일어나는 생리적 변화를 단백질체학적 관점에서 분석하였다. 세뿔투구꽃 종자는 미발달된 배를 가지고 있으며, 충분한 수분과 온도의 조건에서도 발아가 관찰되지 않아 형태 · 생리적 휴면으로 판단되었다. 종자는 BAP 처리에서 휴면이 타파되는 것을 확인하였으며, 특히 BAP 농도에 따른 발아율은 통계적으로 유의한 값을 가졌다 (F=23.208, P<0.01). 건조된 종자에 비해 BAP 처리된 종자는 발아 2단계에서 몇가지 단백질의 증가가 관찰되었다. 대부분의 종자는 30S ribosomal protein subunit으로, 휴면상태에서 발아상태로 변환이 일루어지는 생리적 변화의 증거로 확인된다. 특히 발아2단계를 지나는 세뿔투구꽃 종자에서는 cytochrome subunit과 photosystem II protein의 급격한 증가가 관찰되었는데, 이는 배아의 발달 결과인 자엽이 발아 즉시 광합성이 가능하도록 준비하는 과정에서 발현 된 것으로 추정한다. 본 연구는 발아2단계에서 휴면타파에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 요인을 발견하지 못하였으나, 휴면타파에 중요한 단계인 발아 2단계 종자의 생리학적 변화를 이해하기 위한 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 1988

These experiments were carried out to define the rest period of mulberry by treating growth regulators in Taegu, Korea. Results obtained were as follows: It was recognized that the depth of rest in Taegu, Korea, was not deeper than that in Tokyo and Kagoshima, Japan. The rest of mulberry was begun at the end of September, subsequently became deeper through the first October into the late October and then turned gradually into quiescence by the beginning of November. Buds sprayed by gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) 10ppm and urea 0.5% were promoted to sprout, while naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 0.02% inhibited strongly bud sprouting and abscisic acid (ABA) 20ppm had no effect on the rest of mulberry. Gibberellic acid 10ppm enhanced the rate of green color of bud after incubation for 10 days at $30^{\circ}C$. By the portion of mulberry stems, the depth of rest was different that the middle buds were less dormant than those lower. The optimal time required for the mulberry winter bud break is 15 days incubation at $30^{\circ}C$ as treated with $GA_3$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.26 no.3 s.72
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• pp.145-150
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• 1987

Carborhydrate contents were compared between diapausing and non-diapausing pupae of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea DRURY. Glycogen content in the whole body of diapausing pupae kept at $-5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ was less than that of those left at room temperature, while the amounts of trehalose and sorbitol showed the reverse trend. The osmotic pressure of haemolymph was higher in diapausing pupae than that in non-diapausing pupae. The mean oxygen consumption rate of diapausing pupae was $4{\sim}6.7$ times less than that of non-diapausing, normal pupae.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 1989

입화(Burning)가 zoysia-82의 생육, 종자생산 및 thatch 감소에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 유초출현일수는 대비구(자연상태)와 유초출현 약 2개월전에 입화처리한 구가 짧았다. 2. 종자수량은 대비구가 가장 많았고 휴면직전과 유초출현직후의 입화구가 가장 적었다. 3. Thatch 축적은 대비구가 가장 깊었으며 휴면직전과 휴면 약 2개월 후 입화처리구가 가장 얇았다. 4. 근건중, runner 건중, 총 건물중은 휴면 약 2개월후 입화구가 가장 무거웠으며, 엽 및 엽경건중은 휴면직후의 입화구가 가장 무거웠으나 근건중 이외의 형질들은 입화처리간 유의차가 없었다. 5. Zoysia-82의 유초출현일수의 단축과 종자수량의 증가및 thatch 감소를 위해서는 유초출현 약 2개월전과 휴면 약 2개월후가 입화적기라 사료된다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2013

A set of experiments were conducted to determine the zero temperature and total effective temperature for the summer diapause and post-diapause development of Matsucoccus thunbergianae Miller et Park (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) which infests the Japanese black pine, Pinus thunbergii. The diapausing first instar nymphs were kept in cool storage during three separate times, each starting from May 4th, June 19th, and August 15th of 2002. Cool storage temperatures were 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and $15.0^{\circ}C$. The nymphs were chilled for 10, 20, 30 or 40 days in the first two sets of experiments. In the third experiment, nymphs were chilled for 3, 6, 9 or 12 days. Molting into the second instar nymphs was examined every 10 days, starting at 20 days after taken out from the cool storage. Optimum temperature range of the diapause development was between 7.5 and $10^{\circ}C$, where diapause development was completed in 40, 20, and 6 days by the insects chilled from May 4th, June 19th and August 15th, respectively. Comparing the three sets of experiments with different chilling periods, zero temperature for diapause development was calculated as $29^{\circ}C$. Effective temperature for diapause development was 964 degree days, and it was estimated that nymphs completed their diapause development by September 8th in nature. Under natural temperature conditions >50% eclosion into the second instar occurred on November 9th. Zero temperature for post-diapause development was $10^{\circ}C$, and total effective temperature for post-diapause development until the molt into the second instar was 391 degree days.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.488-494
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• 2001

Seedlings of strawberry, 'Reiko' were planted in plastic pots of 24 cm in diameter in the middle of September in 1995, 1996, and 1997. Ten plants were transferred to greenhouse with artificial illumination at 5-day interval from late September to late January. The deepest dormancy of 'Reiko' in Daegu area was found to be on November 5, October 25, and October 31 in 1995, 1996, and 1997, respectively. The time for moving plants to make the plants grow in semi-dormant state in the greenhouse occurred between Nov. 10 and Nov. 20 in both 1995 and 1996, and between Nov. 10 and Nov. 30 in 1997. The time passing approximately 100-200 cumulative hours of exposure to below $5^{\circ}C$ canopy temperature from the peak dormancy, which is required for breaking dormancy of 'Reiko', was between November 16 and 25 in 1996, and November 24 and December 5 in 1997. 'Reiko' yielded high every year when seedlings were moved into greenhouse during the period of October to November. The plants gave good response to forcing culture under lighting. The right time for moving plants into greenhouse in semi-forcing culture appeared to be the time passing 50-150 cumulative hours of exposure to below $5^{\circ}C$ canopy temperature from the peak dormancy.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2014

The foliage of variegated Solomon's seal is excellent in cut flower arrangements. However, it has a restricted marketing period because the harvesting is limited in spring and summer. The increased interest requires the year-round production, thus techniques for dormancy breaking and forcing without low temperature treatment is needed. Therefore, experiments were conducted to d etermine whether gibberellic acid (GA) could break dormancy in variegated Solomon's seal. Thes prouting of dormant bud did not occur throughout the experiment when $GA_3$ $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was applied to dormant rhizomes as a soil drench. However, when plants were treated with a GA drench after scratch with razor blade or were given direct injection of GA, percent sprouting was increased up to 100 or 83.3%, respectively. However, because treatments with razor or syringe may damage internal organs, we tested another method, scarifying the rhizomes with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Rhizome scarification with 4% NaOCl for 6 or 24 hours followed by drench of $GA_3$ $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ increased the dormancy breaking percentage to 70 or 86.7%, respectively. Moreover, scarified and GA-treated rhizomes produced more leaves than untreated or GA-soil drenched plants in the glasshouse. These results showed the possibility of year-round production of variegated Solomon's seal foliage with rhizome scarification and GA treatments.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.705-710
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• 1995

In order to find out the effect of rainfall at harvesting season on germination of malting barley, the seeds sampled from Cheju island and southern part of Korea were examined. The germination rate of seeds from Cheju island where rainfall was frequent at harvesting season, ranged from 46 to 71%, even though disease infection of the seeds was not that serious as would be expected. High sugar content of seed was resulted from the degradation of carbohydrates during the harvest season. From TZ test the rainfall - affected seeds were found to be highly viable but in the state of secondary dormancy. Results of cold germination test showed that the seeds were recovered from the secondary dormancy. Therefore, it was recommended that the seeds affected by the rainfall at harvesting season should be utilized after 12 months when the dormancy period terminated. The germination percent of the seeds was significantly enhanced by prechilling and / or 1 ppm gibberellic acid treatment. Different seed lots showed different rate of germination and the degree of dormancy.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 1986

To know the ecological pattern of bulrush (Scirpus juncoides) seeds in dormancy-breaking responses as affected by different ripening processes, storage conditions, germination conditions, and some of known chemicals concerned, the study was conducted. Among other conditions detected, the burial in 2 cm depth paddy soil, $5^{\circ}C$ storage temperature, pre-maturing process (Green color), high concentration of chemicals used, and flooding paddy surfaces were the most efficient conditions for bulrush seeds to break dormancy and germinate, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.618-625
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• 2006

Patterns of induced daily torpor were measured in the striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, in response to low temperature, food deprivation and various photoperiods using implanted data loggers. A total of 8 of 21 females entered daily torpor in response to low outside ambient temperature (Ta) during winter and spring, constant low Ta $(4^{\circ}C)$ or food deprivation $(23^{\circ}C)$ during summer, but 2 of 23 males did only in response to low outside Ta during winter. This fact indicates that torpor is an adaptive hypothermia to unpredictable environment in both some males and females, as well as that torpor was inhibited in males in the reproductive season as in other mammals, which is regarded as a strategy not to reduce the chance of copulation. As for females, however, torpor was employed in response to unpredictable environment even in the reproductive season, suggesting that alternative strategies other than keeping the chance of copulation maybe hired by females to keep the population. Torpor bout generally began at $6{\sim}12$ AM, but the decrease of body temperature $(T_b)$ began mainly at $4{\sim}6$ AM at any conditions, the time when Ta is lowest. This strategy might be also adopted for reducing heat loss to unpredictable environment. Minimum $T_b$ of both males and females during torpor did not fall below $16.5^{\circ}C$. Photoperiod had no influence on the incidence and timing of daily torpor in either males and females. The similar timing of torpor bout in response to the 3 different photoperiods (24D, 16L:8D or 8L:16D) under the constant temperatures $(4^{\circ}C\;or\;23{\pm}2^{\circ}C)$ suggests that entering time of torpor might be controlled by the circadian rhythm of the mice rather than by the photoperiod.