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POSTSEDATION EVENTS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS SEDATED FOR DENTAL TREATMENT (진정법을 이용한 치과 치료 시 소아 환자의 진정 후 반응에 대한 연구)

  • Koo, Jung-Eun;Baek, Kwang-Woo
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.209-216
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine twenty four hour postsedation events after discharge in children sedated for dental treatment. The sedation sheets of 355 children were selected. Selection criteria excluded no midazolam or nasal route of midazolam, no ASA class I, absent or incomplete questionnaire. Children received orally chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine, nitrous oxide was maintained during the sedation. Midazolam was injected to buccal submucosa with titration. Parents were interviewed via telephone within twenty four hours after sedation. Questionnaire included sleeping response, sleeping time, sleeping behavior, vomiting response at home. Two hundred twenty four (67.8%) children slept and twenty one(6.3%) children had abnormal sleeping behavior. One hundred four(31.0%) children had abnormal behavior after sleep and ten(3.0%) children had vomiting response. In the children took the higher dose of midazolam, there were the great tendency to sleep after discharge (p<0.05), the more negative response to sleeping behavior(p = 0.055), the longer sleeping time(p=0.054). In this study many children slept after sedation and a few children showed negative response. However there were not any considerable emergency events. Further study is required to determine the postsedation safety for the use of submucosal midazolam combination with chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine.

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Changes of Reserve Substances in the Bark of Stem and Root Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Graftages after Planting (뽕나무 묘목 식재후 지조 및 뿌리피부의 저장물질의 변화)

  • 성규병;유근섭
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.79-84
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    • 1990
  • To make clear the changes of the amount of reserve substances in the bark of stem and root of mulberry graftages after planting, studies were carried with mulberry graftages classified into three groups of 7.0-7.9mm, 9.0-9.9mm and 11.0-11.9mm in diameter of stems at 3cm above their base. The results obtained were as follow : 1. The dry weight of stem and root bark gradually decreased with growth of new shoots till about five weeks after planting, and from then it increased. 2. The duration of new shoots growth depending on the reserve substance was limited for 6-7 weeks after planting. In no fertilized group, the length of new shoots increased up to 6-7 weeks, form then decrease. 3. Dry leaf yield three weeks after planting was found to be no difference in the same diameter of saplings between with and without fertilization. 4. The content of chlorophyll in the leaves was higher in thicker group and in fertilized group than thinner and no fertilized one, respectively. 5. There was no difference in the amount of carbohydrates of the bark of stem and root among the stem diameters. There was a transient increase in the amount of total sugar in the bark of stem and root in the first three weeks after planting, followed by gradual decline up to five weeks. The amount of reducing sugar in the bark of stem and root increased both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to three weeks after planting, and then it decreased. There was a gradual decline in the content of starch in the bark of stem and root both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to five weeks after planting, followed by gradual increase.

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Influence of Harvest Time after Freezing Damage on Fruit Quality during Storage of 'Fuji' Apples (동결피해 후의 수확시기가 사과 '후지' 품종의 저장 중 과실품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kweon, Hun-Joong;Lee, Sang-Gyu;Park, Moo-Yong;Song, Yang-Yik;Nam, Jong-Chul;SaGong, Dong-Hoon
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.990-995
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to compare differences in fruit quality by harvest time of 'Fuji' apple fruit that was frozen on tree by unusual low temperature in that air temperature was under $-3.5^{\circ}C$ for 7 hours. Fruits were harvested at 1 day before, and 2 days and 6 days after freezing damage, respectively. Harvest's soluble solid contents in all treatments was over $14^{\circ}Bx$. Firmness and titratable acidity of fruit harvested after freezing damage was lower than those of fruit harvested before freezing damage. During cold storage, ethylene production of fruit harvested after freezing damage was higher than that of fruit harvested before freezing damage. The reduction in the level of fruit quality during cold storage of fruit harvested after freezing damage was more serious than that of fruit harvested before freezing damage. The reduction of fruit quality during subsequent ambient temperature for 1 week after cold storage of fruit harvested after freezing damage was higher than that of fruit harvested before freezing damage. In comparison of treatments that were harvested at different times after freezing damage, ethylene production and reduction in the level of fruit quality until 8 weeks of cold storage of fruit harvested at 6 days after freezing damage was lower than that of fruit harvested at 2 days after freezing damage. However, this difference by harvest time after freezing damage disappeared after 8 weeks of cold storage. Incidence of flesh browning was not affected by freezing at air temperature under $-3.5^{\circ}C$ for 7 hours.

Artificial Induction of Spawning by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) or Carp Pituitary Extract (CPE) in Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (태반성 성선 자극 호르몬(HCG) 및 잉어 뇌하수체 호르몬(CPE) 처리에 의한 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus의 인공 산란 유도)

  • PARK In-Seok;KIM Hyung-Bae;CHOI Hee-Jeng;LEE Young-Don;KANG Hae-Won
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 1994
  • Spawning of matured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus was accelerated by using single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG 1,000 IU/kg BW) or carp pituitary extract (CPE 10 mg/kg BW). The body weight of HCG or CPE treated group slightly improved with $5.6\pm0.4\%$ at 2 days after injection or $6.4\pm0.5\%$ at 3 days after injection, Number of eggs spawned increased in the fish treated with HCG or CPE. Surface floating rates of eggs spawned increased in the fish treated with HCG or CPE. Hatching rate also increased in experimental groups compared to the control. Especially superior quality of eggs were obtained 2 and 3 days after injection from HCG treated groups and 3 and 4 days after injection from CPE treated groups at $20^{\circ}$, respectively.

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Quality of Life of Long-term Survivors after a Subtotal or a Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer (위암 수술 후 장기생존자에서 위 절제 범위에 따른 삶의 질)

  • Lee, Seung-Soo;Han, Sung-Won;Jeong, Hye-Yeon;Song, Jye-Won;Chung, Ho-Young;Yu, Wan-Sik
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare quality of life of long-term survivors after a subtotal or a total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire and QLQ-STO22 questionnaire were used to assess quality of life of 166 patients on their 5th annual follow-ups after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. One hundred twenty-six patients underwent a subtotal gastrectomy and 40 patients a total gastrectomy. Results: The subtotal gastrectomy group revealed a trend to have better quality of life in functional scales (physical, role, emotional, cognitive and social), fatigue, pain, dyspnea, diarrhea and financial difficulties. The total gastrectomy group showed a trend to have better quality of life in the global health status and quality of life, nausea and vomiting, insomnia, appetite loss and constipation. In all scales of the EORTC QLQ-STO22, the subtotal gastrectomy group had a trend to have better quality of life. However these did not reach the statistical significance. Conclusion: Surgeons may not limit the extent of resection concerning long-lasting poor quality of life. Oncologically sound resection is recommended.

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest-Fired Area in Koseong, Kangwon (강원도 고성 산화지역의 토양 이화학성 변화)

  • Nam, Yi;Min, Ell-Sik;Jang, In-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2000
  • This research has been done to investigate influence of soil physical and chemical properties on forest environmental change by fired pine forest in Koseong, Kangwondo. The sample sites were divided by not-fired sites(NF), not-cutting site after fired(FNC), cutting and planting sites after fired(FCP) and cutting and not-planting sites after fired(FC). Soil texture of whole sites was sandy clay loam. Sand content of NF top soil were lower than those of sub soil and clay content were higher, while FNC, FCP and FC sand content of top soil were higher than those of sub soil. Total porosity didn't differ between the sites. Coarse porosity and permeability had the increasing order as NF> FNC> FCP> FC, but fine porosity and bulk density had the opposite trends. Because forest fire removed the vegetation and then soil erosion was accelerated, forest environmental changes by forest fire greatly degraded soil porosity and permeability which were indices for forest water retention, so that soil physical properties were deteriorated. Both top and sub soil pHs of NF and FNC were higher than those of FCP and FC. Organic matter content and total nitrogen content of top and sub soils were high in order as NF> FNC> FCP> FC. Cation exchange capacities and exchangeable cation(K+, Na+, $Ca^2$+, $Mg^2$+) content in top soils were higher than those in sub soils, and in order as NF> FNC> FCP> FC, to be compared by the sites. Those mean that forest fire result from the erosion of top soil layers.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF RLN ANASTOMOSIS REMOVAL ON PHONATION (반회신경 문합과 후윤상피열근 절제가 발성기능에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구)

  • 김영모;이영구;이정식;이준열;김광문;김기령;홍원표;최홍식
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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    • 1991.06a
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    • pp.11-12
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    • 1991
  • 편측 성대마비의 음성개선을 위하여 현재까지 알려진 치료방법은 teflon 또는 silicone 주입술, 외과적 성대 내전술, 갑상연골 성형술, 신경재식술, 등이 있으며, 근래까지는 Teflon 또는 Gelform 주입술이 제일 효과적인 방법이라 알려져 있으나, 이는 음의 높낮이 조절능력의 한계가 있고, 신경재식술의 결과 역시 만족스럽지 못한 경우가 많다. 따라서 저자는 발성기능의 생리학적인 측면에서, 보다 효과적인 음성개선의 방법을 찾기 위하여, 사람의 후두와 비교적 유사한 특성을 가진 개를 사용하여 실험을 하였다. 반회신경을 절단하여 편측 성대 마비를 유발한 뒤, 동측의 유일한 외전근인 후윤상피열근을 절제후 절단된 신경을 문합하여, 성대의 외전근 작용의 소실과, 발성시에 주로 작용하는 내전근만의 작용을 유도하여, 공동운동의 차단과, 내전운동의 향상을 기대하였다. 본 실험에 앞서, 임의적으로 신경을 자극시킬 수 있는 신경자극기와, 주위조직으로부터 신경만을 분리하여 자극할 수 있는 전극을 개발하여 사용하였으며, 또한 성대의 발성음을 임의대로 유발시킬 수 있는 생체 내 후두발성 모형(in vivo laryngeal phonation model)을 Moore(1987, 1988)등이 발표한 모형을 토대로 자체 개발하여 사용하였다. 실험은 13마리의 개를, 반회신경 절단군(3 마리), 반회신경 절단 및 후윤상피 열근 절제군(3 마리), 후윤상피열근 절제군(3 마리), 반회신경 문합 및 후윤상피 열근 절제군(4 마리)등으로 나누어 실험하였으며, 3 개월 후, 현수후두경, 후두 내시경, videolaryngoscopy, 신경자극 검사 등으로 성대의 내전운동 및 위치 변화의 관찰, 발성음의 음향분석 및 갑상피열근의 형태학적 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 반회신경 절단군과 반회 신경 절단 및 후윤상피열근 절제군은, 수술후 3 개월에 성대의 움직임이나 각도의 변화가 없었으며, 음향분석 결과 발성음이 아닌 잡음만이 포착되었다. 즉, 절단된 신경의 문합 없이 후윤상피열근 절제 만으로는 음성개선은 기대할 수 없었다. 2. 후윤상피열근 절제군에서는 수술 후 3 개월에 정상적인 성대의 내전운동이 관찰되었으며, 음향분석상 기본주파수 동요율 및 발성음의 강도는 약간의 증가를 보였다. 즉, 반회신경이 절단되지 않은 상태에서 후윤상피 열근 만을 절제하면, 발성음의 변화는 거의 없었다. 3. 반회신경을 절단후 문합하고 후윤상피열근을 절제한군 에서는 수술후 3 개월에, 성대의 정상적인 내전운동을 보였고, 음향분석상 수술직후에는 잡음만이 포착되었으나, 3 개월 후에는 잡음이 아닌 발성음을 들을 수 있었으며, 이 발성음의 기본주파수 및 강도는 수술전보다 감소되어 있었으나, 기본주파수 동요율은 증가되어 있었다. 즉 이 술식으로 인한 뚜렷한 발성음의 향상이 있었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어, 편측 신경 절단으로 인한 성대마비시, 절단된 신경을 봉합하고 성대의 유일한 외전근인 후윤상피열근을 절제하면, 공동운동의 차단과, 내향운동의 향상으로, 음성개선에 효과적이라고 사료되었으며, 이 방법이 편측 성대마비 환자의 효과적인 음성개선의 치료방법의 하나로 응용될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

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Intracameral Epinephrine Injection after Phacoemulsification on Pupil Dilation during Phacovitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (유리체절제술과 수정체유화술 동시 수술 시 백내장수술 후 앞방내 에피네프린 주입과 동공 확대)

  • Kim, Sangbum;Park, Jongyeop;Shin, Jaeryung;Lee, Seungwoo
    • Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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    • v.59 no.12
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    • pp.1137-1141
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: We explored the mydriatic effects of injected intracameral epinephrine after phacoemulsification (PE) combined with phacovitrectomy to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods: We enrolled 96 patients (96 eyes) who underwent phacovitrectomy to treat PDR; we used ImageJ software to measure pupil sizes and the ratios of pupil to cornea area (PCA) before and after PE and after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). We compared pupil sizes between those who received intracameral epinephrine (0.001% w/v) after PE but before PPV (study group, 46 eyes) and patients not so treated (control group, 50 eyes). Results: The PCA ratios of the study group were $0.52{\pm}0.11$ before PE, $0.43{\pm}0.12$ after PE, and $0.51{\pm}0.11$ after PPV, respectively. Changes in pupil size were significant (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 respectively). The PCA ratios of the control group were $0.52{\pm}0.10$ before PE, $0.39{\pm}0.15$ after PE, and $0.43{\pm}0.15$ after PPV, respectively. Changes in pupil size after PE were significant (p = 0.011) but the change after PPV was not (p = 0.056). Conclusions: Intracameral epinephrine given after PE but before PPV effectively dilates the pupils during phacovitrectomy to treat PDR.

Hardwood Cutting with Callusing in the Mulberry(Morus bombycis Koidz.) II. Effect of Callusing Temperature on Root Formation and Growth (뽕나무 유합촉진 고조삽목에 관한 연구 II. 삽목온도가 발근생장에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Ho-Rak;Choe, Seung-Un;Im, Su-Ho
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.68-71
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    • 1991
  • Mulberry cuttings from shoots of Shinkwangppong(Morus bombycis koidz.) had been callused in vermiculite separately at 15, 20, 25 and 30$^{\circ}C$ for 15 days before transplanting them in greenhouse to make clear the effect of temperature on root formation and growth is as follow. The buds of cuttings started sprouting in 4 and 6 days of callusing at 30 and 25$^{\circ}C$, respectively, reaching 100% budding in 10 and 15 days of callusing. Budding was delayed, however, at low temperature, showing 86% and 92% at 15 and 20$^{\circ}C$, respectively, in 15 days. Rooting from the cuttings was also accelerated at high temperature, showing 97-100% rooting at 25$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$, in 15 days of callusing but no more than 93% at low temperature even in 35 days. Although high temperature increased root number and length after 15 days in callusing, no differences showed in the number and the weight at more than 20$^{\circ}C$ in 35 days of cuttings.

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The Prediction Of Low Salinity Water Behavior Caused By Tidal Gate Extension In Yeongsan-River Estuary (영산강 하구둑 배수갑문 확장 후 시간 변화에 따른 저염수 거동 예측)

  • Kwoun, Chul-Hui;Kwon, Min-Sun;Kang, Hun;Jang, Gyu-Sang;Seo, Jeong-Bin;Cho, Kwang-Woo;Maeng, Jun-Ho
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.553-565
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    • 2012
  • 영산강 하구에서 담수유입에 따른 저염수의 거동을 파악하기 위하여 EFDC 모델을 수행하였다. 모델의 수행은 홍수기 배수갑문 확장 전 후로 나누어 수행하였으며, 모델의 마지막 담수유입시점으로부터 16일 후 해역이 준 정상상태에 도달하기까지 저염수의 확산양상을 시간 경과순으로 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 담수유입이 멈춘 후에 저염수는 방류시점으로부터 약 6시간 경과 후에 배수갑문 전면 해역으로부터 해측으로 최대의 확산을 보였으며, 약 2~7일 후 염분의 분포 양상은 담수가 유입되기 전으로 회복되는 경향을 보였다. 한편, 배수갑문을 확장하기 전보다 배수갑문을 확장한 후에 담수유입 후 해역이 준 정상상태에 도달하는 시간이 더욱 짧았는데, 이는 시간당 방류량의 증가가 난류혼합을 강하게 하고, 해측으로 더 멀리 확산된 저염수는 외해수에 의해 보다 쉽게 혼합되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 본 해역에서 일정한 양의 담수가 유입되는 경우, 저염수의 확산은 시간당 방류량이 크고 방류지속시간이 짧을수록 해역이 준정상상태에 도달하는 시간이 더욱 짧아질 것으로 사료된다.