• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.367-373
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of backward walking training on the balance capability(Functional Gait Assessment; FGA, Timed Up & Go Test; TUG) and gait performance(10 meter Walking Test; 10 mWT) of stroke patients. Eighteen with stroke patients were randomly allocated to an experimental and contral group of nine patients each. both groups received general neurorehabilitative physical therapy for 45 minutes per day 5 times per week during 4 weeks. The experimental group also performed additional backward walking training for 20 minutes per day 3 times per week during 4 weeks. There were signicantly increase by backward walking training in outcome of the balance capability from the FGA was increase from $17.67{\pm}1.00scores$ to $19.22{\pm}1.00scores$(p<.05), TUG was decrease from $26.45{\pm}1.37sec$ to $23.28{\pm}1.35sec$(p<.05) and 10 mWT was decreased from $21.74{\pm}1.35sec$ to $18.33{\pm}1.10sec$ (p<.05). These result suggest that backward walking training for stroke patients is effective in improving balance capability(FGA, TUG) and gait performance(10 mWT).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2199-2205
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of depending on variations of speed in backward walking on lower extremities muscle. For this study, 30 members were randomly divided into three groups; groupI(n=10, forward walking: 5km/h), groupII(n=10, backward walking: 5km/h), groupIII(n=10, backward walking: 2.5km/h). This exercise was performed to 30 minutes 4 times a week for 4 weeks. This study was measured before the exercise and after 4 weeks. The result of this study are as follows. The muscle activity of rectus femoRIS was higher in backward walking group(p<.01) than in forward walking group and it was the highest at groupII(p<.001). The quadriceps muscle strength of thigh was higher in backward walking group(p<.01) than in forward walking group and it was the highest at groupII(p<.001). From these results, backward walking training was effective on muscle activity, strength of thigh muscle. Although fast speed backward walking was most effective, low speed backward walking that compare with forward walking was effective.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7285-7292
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate possibility of a forward gait with backward mechanism(dance gait) as rehabilitation and/or walking exercise by means of biomechanical variables. Thirteen professional women dancers(age, $21.1{\pm}1.3yrs$; height, $159.3{\pm}7.2cm$; body mass, $45.1{\pm}8.4kg$)participated in this study. We found that speed, stride length and double limb support time of a dance gait were more greater than backward gait, but stride width of dance gait less than a backward gait. Maximum RoMs, moments and powers of the lower limb joints on a dance gait were more frequent than a backward dance. These results were judged to be sufficient by the possibility of dance gait as rehabilitation and walking exercise.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.522-529
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of 4-weeks of backward walking exercise on ROM, VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) score and proprioception in anterior cruciate reconstruction patients. Fourteen subjects were randomly assigned to either a backward walking group (BWG, n=7) or a control group (CON, n=7) and then participated in rehabilitation program for 4 weeks. The ROM of the flexion significantly decreased in both groups (BWG, p<0.001 vs CON, p<0.01), while ROM of extension significantly decreased only in the BWG (p<.05) post exercise, but no significant difference was observed between groups. Additionally, VAS score decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.001) and BWG was lower than CON post exercise (p<0.001). Finally, proprioception decreased significantly in both groups (BWG, p<0.001 vs CON, p<0.05), but did not differ significantly between groups. These results suggest that the 4 week backward walking rehabilitation program improves ROM, VAS score, and proprioception and has positive effects on functional recovery of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical result and the gait patterns for patients who had undergone the arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using Achilles allograft. Materials and Methods: Among the patient who had undergone the arthroscopic PCL reconstruction using fresh-frozen Achilles allograft between March 2004 to March 2005, we selected 12 patients who compliance to our rehabilitation program. Clinical result and gait analysis were carried out at 36 months postoperatively. There were measured by using range of motion (ROM), Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity score, IKDC score, posterior stress test, and posterior translation measured by using Telos stress arthrometer. Kinematic gait analysis was carried out using 3-dimensional gait analysis system. Results: The PCL reconstruction surgery yielded statistacally significant results in all of clinical evaluation. In gait analysis, the average knee flexion angle increased during stance phase and decreased during the swing phase, but was not statistically significant and there were no significant difference between both sides of their knees overall. Conclusion: Since there was no statistically significant difference between the injured and uninjured sides as a result of the gait evaluation of the patients who had arthroscopic reconstruction surgery on their PCL injured knee and conformed to the rehabilitation program, systemic and strict rehabilitation ought to be important in the reconstruction surgery.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6237-6245
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of backward walking with rhythmic auditory stimulation on the gait and balance of stroke patients. Twenty-one people were divided randomly into three groups; group I(n=7, forward walking), group II(n=7, backward walking), group III(n=7, backward walking by rhythmic auditory stimulation). Each group was trained for 30 minutes 5 times per week for 3 weeks, and was evaluated using a 10m walking test, time up and go test, functional reach test, stride length and step length asymmetry ratio. As a result, the pre- to post-test measures revealed a significant effect in each group on the gait speed, gait symmetry and balance(p<.05). The walking speed, gait symmetry and balance were higher in group II (p<.05) than in group I and it was the highest in group III(p<.05). The stride length was higher in group II and group III(p<.05) than in group I. In conclusion, for stroke patients, backward walking training with rhythmic auditory stimulation is effective on the gait speed, gait symmetry and balance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.7259-7265
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• 2014

This study examined the gait ability and foot pressure after backward walking training in hemiplegia patients after stroke to provide evidence for the application of backward walking to the rehabilitation of those patients. Twenty hemiplegia patients hospitalized at one rehabilitation hospital were enrolled in this study, which was conducted from 23 April to 18 May, 2012. The subjects were randomized into either the experimental group or control group. The control group received general physical therapy for 30 minutes and the experimental group received 20 minutes of physical therapy and 10 minutes of backwards walking training five times a week for four weeks. The gait ability and foot pressure of both feet were measured quantitatively and compared. The results showed the weight bearing (entire foot, anterior and posterior of foot) of the paralyzed foot during the stance phase showed a significant difference (p<.05). The difference in the foot pressure of right and left feet was more significant in the experimental group than that of the control group (p<.05). Therefore, this study confirmed that backward walking training in a rehabilitation program would be helpful for improving the gait ability of hemiplegia patients after stroke.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the compensatory mechanism in vivo and develop the treatment guide by performing the comprehensive functional tests of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficient subjects. Material and Methods: 10 PCL deficient subjects and 10 healthy control group were evaluated. Performed functional tests were range of motion, posterior drawer test, Telos, 30$^{\circ}$ flexion wt-bearing view, KT-1000 arthrometer, gait analysis, EMG test and isokinetic tests. Results: Physical, KT-1000, Telos posterior tests showed significant differences, but 300 full weight bearing lateral view, muscle strength test revealed no difference between two groups. Less knee flexion at initial contact and reduced maximum valgus moment were observed in PCL deficient group. In vertical drop landing, PCL group had increased plantar flexion angle at initial contact. Conclusion: Compensatory mechanisms such as reduced unstable components and absorbing the maximal load of the joint were occurred after PCL insufficiency, which result in good clinical and functional outcomes. Further investigations would be needed to understand the functional adaptations of PCL deficient subjects.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1-2
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.349-350
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 경첩 발목 보조기(Hinged Ankle Foot Orthoses, HAFO)의 착용이 경직성 뇌성마비 아동의 보행 시 신체 질량 중심점(Center of Mass, COM)에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 실험은 보조 기구의 사용 없이 독립적인 보행이 가능한 경직성 뇌성마비 아동(하지마비 아동 8명, 편마비 아동 5명) 13명이 참여하였다. 34개의 적외선 반사 마커를 신체에 직접 부착한 뒤, 6대의 동작분석 카메라로 맨발 보행과 HAFO착용 보행을 각 5회 촬영하였다. 전-후방, 내-외측, 수직 방향으로의 COM의 이동과 COM 속도를 계산하여 HAFO착용 전 후를 대응표본 T검정으로 분석하였다. HAFO 착용은 양하지 마비 아동 그룹은 COM의 전방 이동이 유의하게 증가하였고(p<0.01), COM 속도는 내-외측과 수직 방향에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.01). 반면 편마비 아동 그룹은 COM 이동과 속도가 모든 방향에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.01). 따라서 HAFO는 뇌성마비 아동의 보행 기능을 개선시킨다고 할 수 있다.