• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2020

Two tephritid fruit flies are infesting pumpkins in Korea. Both are classified into genus of Zeugodacus. The striped fruit fly, Z. scutellata, males are attracted to a lure called Cuelure (CL), which has been used to monitor the occurrence of this fruit fly in the crop field. In contrast, no effective male lure was not developed to monitor the pumpkin fruit fly, Z. depressa. Protein diet lure has been used to attract females of most fruit flies. The addition of terpinyl acetate (TA) was effective to increase the attractiveness of Z. depressa. This study aimed to monitor the occurrence of Z. depressa in pumpkin field with TA-protein diet lure. To validate the efficiency of TA-protein diet lure, Z. scutellata was monitored in a year of 2019 using CL and TA-protein diet lures, and the yearly monitoring data were compared. The occurrence patterns derived from both lures were similar except late season after October. The extended catches of TA-protein diet lure might be explained by the adult diapause induction of Z. scutellata at late September. Monitoring Z. depressa with TA-protein diet lure gave two peaks at mid July and August-September, in which more than 80% catches were females. Based on the attractiveness of TA-protein diet lure, its wettable powder with an addition of spinosad insecticide was formulated and sprayed to pumpkin crops. After 7 days post-spray, the control efficacy recorded more than 70%. However, the control efficacies decreased as the time progressed after the spray. These results demonstrated the application of TA-protein diet lure for monitoring occurrence of Z. depressa in pumpkin-cultivating field conditions. The wettable powder containing spinosad can be applied to develop a new control agent against two pumpkin fruit flies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1142-1147
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• 2008

For the effective use of cultured red seabream, the muscle color, taste and nutrition components between red seabreams cultured by feeding and starving were compared. The proximate composition of red seabream muscle cultured by starving (RCS) was 72.7% moisture, 21.1% protein, 3.7% lipid and 1.4% crude ash. In comparison to red seabream muscle cultured by feeding (RCF), moisture and crude lipid of RCS were each 3% higher and 3% lower. No difference was, however, found in the other proximate compositions. The Hunter color value of RCS was 37.52 for L value, -1.47 for a value, 0.71 for b value and 59.33 for ${\Delta}E$ value, which was slightly higher in the L value than that of red seabream muscle cultured feeding (RCF); however, no differences were found in the other Hunter color values. TCA soluble-N content of RCS was 403.8 mg/100 g, which was higher than that of RCF (314.7 mg/100 g). In taste values, the major free amino acids of both RCS and RCF were glutamic acid, alanine, lysine and histidine. Total amino acid content of RCS was 21.2 g/100 g, which was higher than that of RCF. The mineral content of RCS was slightly higher in potassium than that of RCF, while lower in magnesium. According to the result of sensory evaluation, RCS was superior in taste and texture to RCF, while similar in color and flavor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2020

In this study, the effect of seed pre-treatments and pellet coating materials to enhance the efficiency of large-scale propagation of Aster koraiensis seeds were investigated. Seeds were immersed in water for one day, and only those that sank were used for pre-treatment to use filled seeds. Pre-treatments were divided into hormone treatments, with gibberellic acid (GA₃; 200 and 500 ppm) and 24-epibrassinolide (10^-6, 10^-7, and 10^-8M), and priming with potassium nitrate (100 mM of KNO₃). To produce pellet-coated seeds, pellet materials (DTCS or DTK) were applied to control (unprimed) and primed seeds with binders (PVA or CMC). The maximum germination percent (GP) of seeds before pellet coating was 65% (with the priming treatment), and there was no difference in the GP of seeds among hormone treatments. For seeds sown in a growth chamber on filter paper, GP was 41% for control (unprimed/uncoated) seeds, 65% for uncoated primed seeds, 71% for DTCS/PVA-pellet-coated seeds, and 42% for DTK/CMC-pellet-coated seeds. Seeds that were primed first and then pellet-coated showed greatly improved GP, mean germination time (MGT), and germination rate than seeds that were only pellet-coated. For seeds sown in commercial soil in a greenhouse, control seeds had a GP of 27%, whereas primed seeds had the highest GP (58%), and their MGT and GT were 9.4 days and 7.0%·day, respectively. In addition, DTK/PVA-pellet-coated seeds (40%) also had a GP higher than the control (27%), and their MGT was 15-27 days. For seeds sown in sandy-loam soil in a greenhouse, unprimed-pellet-coated seeds and primed-pellet-coated seeds both had GPs ranged of 39%, which were lower than that of control seeds. In general, the seeds that were pellet-coated with DTK had a higher GP than those pellet-coated with DTCS. Furthermore, the MGT of unprimed-pellet-coated seeds was 15.0-19.8 days, which was longer than the MGT of primed-pellet-coated seeds. These results suggest that priming enhances seedling emergence of Aster koraiensis seeds. Moreover, when priming is combined with pellet coating, DTK is a more suitable pellet material than DTCS, and PVA and CMC are equally suitable adhesives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.220-228
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• 2017

Effects of extraction methods on reducing concentrations of pro-oxidants (total iron and protein) of salmon was determined. For development of the extraction process, the effectiveness of several extraction methods was determined and compared, including heat treatment (60, 80, and $100^{\circ}C$), ion exchange and carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose column chromatography, and ultrafiltration (UF). Protein, total iron, and anserine contents of salmon extracts were 23.64 mg/mL, $16.20{\mu}g/mL$, and 5.47 mg/mL in non-heated extracts, 7.40 mg/mL, $2.32{\mu}g/mL$, and 5.20 mg/mL in heated extracts at $60^{\circ}C$, 7.64 mg/mL, $1.20{\mu}g/mL$, and 5.21 mg/mL at $80^{\circ}C$, and 7.04 mg/mL, $0.68{\mu}g/mL$, and 4.04 mg/mL at $100^{\circ}C$, respectively. Heating and UF decreased contents of protein and total iron, whereas only UF slightly decreased anserine content. Application of the primary ion exchange method increased the content of anserine up to 16%. Protein and total iron contents by the primary ion exchange method decreased by 70 and 98%, respectively. Secondary ion exchange (CM-cellulose) treatment after primary ion exchange and UF resulted in lower anserine content than the primary ion exchange method. However, the content of impurities (protein, total iron) was lower than in all other salmon extracts. Therefore, primary ion exchange, UF, and secondary ion exchange method were the best extraction processes in this study.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.119-126
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• 2011

High-speed railway raises global interests with the growing concerns on the green development and the green energy. However, since most of the infrastructure investment of Korea was focused on the highway projects for last forty years, the investment on the railway has been limited around 40~50% of that of the highway projects. In addition, due to the world economy crisis and unsatisfactory support of existing policy for the private investment project, the private investment is given a small deal of weight on the social overhead capital investment. Meanwhile, despite the world high-speed railway market is growing rapidly and the Korean contractors have won the international construction contracts over 70 billion USD, past records of railway projects are very rare. Therefore, it is required to develop strategies for encouraging private investment in the domestic market to achieve efficient high-speed railway development and for advancing into foreign high-speed railway market. This study carried out data collection and market analysis for both domestic and foreign market respectively. Through a structured questionnaire survey and expert interviews, contractors' perceptions on the high-speed railway market and needs for the government support are collected. Summary of strategies drawn from this study are as follows: 1) carrying out BTL high-speed railway projects and revising related policies; 2) upwarding incentive level for the private pre-investment projects considering the contractors' credit rating; 3) carrying out Honam-Jeju submarine railway project; 4) establishing a efficient consortium model for foreign market; 5) improving the capacity of the Korea Railway Association that support Korean contractors' foreign advancement; and 6) expand the budget for Global Infra-fund.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2015

Because soils in reclaimed lands nearby coastal areas have much higher salinity and moisture content than soils in inland area, parts of greenhouses embedded in such soils are exposed to highly corrosive environments. Owing to the accelerated corrosion of galvanized steel pipes for substrucrture and structure of greenhouses in saline environments, repair and reinforcement technologies and efficient maintenance and management for the construction materials in such facilities are required. In this study, we measured the corrosion rates of the parts used for greenhouse construction that are exposed to the saline environment to obtain a basic database for the establishment of maintenance and reinforcement standards for greenhouse construction in reclaimed lands with soils with high salinity. All the test pipes were exposed to soil and water environments with 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% salinity during the observation period of 480 days. At the end of the observation period, salinity-dependent differences of corrosion rate between black-surface corrosion and relatively regular corrosion were clearly manifested in a visual assessment. For the soils in rice paddies, the corrosion growth rate increased with salinity (0.008, 0.027, 0.036, and $0.043mm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ at 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% salinity, respectively). The results for the soils in agricultural fields are 0.0002, 0.039, 0.040, and $0.039mm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ at 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% salinity, respectively. The higher corrosion rate of rice-paddy soil was associated with the relatively high proportion of fine particles in it, reflecting the general tendency of soils with evenly distributed fine particles. Hence, it was concluded that thorough measures should be taken to counteract pipe corrosion, given that besides high salinity, the soils in reclaimed lands are expected to have a higher proportion of fine particles than those in inland rice paddies and agricultural fields.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.424-431
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• 2017

This study was conducted to set the optimum nutrient solution concentration by growth stage for new strawberry cultivars 'Berrystar' and 'Jukhyang'(Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch. cvs. 'Berrystar', 'Jukhyang') grown through hydroponics to improve the quality and yield. Three different EC levels were applied to the nutrient solution. The treatment levels were 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3 times higher than the nutrient concentration standard for 'Seolhyang' based on the 'Manual for strawberry cultivation' of Rural Development Administration. Based on the results, there were no significant differences in growth of 'Berrystar' by EC level. 'Jukhyang' showed the most vigorous growth grown in 1.3 times higher nutrient concentration. While the growth of 'Berrystar' and 'Jukhyang' grown in higher EC level has leaves with more chlorophyll concentration. However the quantum yield of leaves was not affected by the treatments. On the treatment with 1.3 times higher EC level, the weight, length, width and firmness of 'Berrystar' and 'Jukhyang' were significantly high. The sugar contents of the harvest analyzed by HPLC did not differed particularly, but the percentage composition of reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar were presented differently depending on the treatments. Marketable fruit yield increased as nutrient concentration increases. However, there were no large differences by treatments. Meanwhile, 'Jukhyang' showed significant difference by nutrient concentration and had the largest yield for a treatment grown in 1.3 times higher EC level. Based on these results, it is recommended to provide the same nutrient solution concentration level to the nutrient concentration standard of 'Seolhyang' for 'Berrystar', and the 1.3 times higher level for 'Jukhyang'.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2020

Due to change in circumstances in the 2000s such as severe birthrate decline and shortened military service period, the armed forces of the Republic of Korea is currently turning to technologies and equipments from manpower, developing it to become high-tech, high-speed, and complex, resulting in an environment in which a single mistake could cause a mass mortality crisis.It is also evident that, considering aspects such as safety training curriculums and achievements of advanced countries and private education, hands-on training is a must in preventing suicides and accidents in the military, and establishing safety training centers is crucial for systematic and effective hands-on training.Soldiers who are joining the army as of now have experienced the Internet ever since they were born and easily use both virtual and augmented reality, and the current level of science and technology has developed to the point where most of the public safety experience centers are able to be replaced by virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR). Therefore, considering the aspects such as installation space, construction costs, maintenance costs, user characteristics, and education effects, other than for those trainings where real models and objects are more effective such as first aid training, it is with a strong recommendation that establishing military safety training facilities with VR/AR (Virtual and augmented reality) is a must in the coming future. We have derived the need for hands-on training by considering the development of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), analysis of operation status of the public safety experience centers, characteristics of military units, installation and maintenance costs, and proposed plan to establish safety training centers where effective training performance can be achieved at a lower cost than the public safety experience center. In addition, we suggested the scale of the required safety training center and the composition of the experience rooms considering the number of trainees and the environment of each military units. Given this analysis it will contribute to the prevention of military safety and suicide by building a safety training center in the future.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.671-680
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• 2012

Three kinds of dietary composites-R+T, R+F, and R+TF-were combined in green tea (T), dietary fiber (F), and green tea dietary fiber mixture (TF) to red garlic extract (RG), respectively. The effects of their diets on anti-obesity were investigated $in$ $vitro$ and $in$ $vitro$ in obese rats induced high fat-cholesterol. In $in$ $vivo$ rats, the total phenolic content of the R+T and R+TF was 1.9~2.0 times higher, and their total cholesterol adsorption was 9.5~11.5 times higher than that of RG. $In$ $vivo$, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (Normal, HFC, HRG, HR+T, HR+F and HR+TF). Afterwards, the diets of the HRG, HR+T, HR+F, and HR+TF groups were supplemented with 1% of RG and its dietary composites (R+T, R+F, and R+TF) for 4 weeks, respectively. The final body weight of the HRG, HR+T, HR+F, and HR+TF groups decreased significantly compared to the group fed high fat-cholesterol (HFC), but the food efficiency ratio was not significantly different from the HFC group. The liver weight of the HFC group doubled compared to the normal group, whereas that of HR+T and HR+TF groups decreased significantly. The weight of visceral and epididymal fat decreased significantly in the groups fed the composites compared to the HFC group. The obesity index of HR+TF group decreased significantly only when compared to the HFC group. The serum lipid profile such as total lipids, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol, as well as the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factors decreased drastically in all experimental groups compared to the HFC group, and the levels of HR+T, HR+F and HR+TF groups were a similar trend. GPT activity was not significantly different among the groups fed the composites, and it decreased significantly in the HRG group. The content of the lipid peroxide level decreased significantly in the HRG group and in the groups fed the composites, compared to the HFC group. Serum antioxidant activity was the highest in the HR+T group. We suggest that the hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effect of the RG composites, achieved by mixing green tea extract and/or dietary fiber, was due to their total phenolic content and total cholesterol adsorption effect.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2002

This study was performed to examine the want for home-visit health care of health center and health sub-center in rural olders and to provide the basic data to develop strategies for efficient and effective home-visit health care delivery of public health facilities. The questionnaire survey by interview was conducted to 355 olders whose ages were all over 65 years, residing at a rural community, Myun, Gyeongsangbuk- do. Among study population, 64.5% replied that their self-rated health status were 'poor', 14.1% had low ADL and 14.9% had low IADL. Among study population, 73.5% replied that they had health problem which were in need of medical personnel's care. The existence of health problem were significantly different according to sex, age, marital status, health security status, occupation, economic status, circumstances for medical care, self-rated health status, ADL, and IADL(p<0.05). Among olders with health problem which were in need of medical personnel's care, 19.5% wanted to receive the home-visit health care. The degree of want for home-visit health care was higher significantly in olders whose ages were 75-year old or more(p<0.05), jobless olders(p<0.01), the aged persons who were not in harmony with other family members, olders whose self-rated health status were 'poor' and olders with low IADL. The major reasons why they wanted to receive the home-visit health care services were 'they had no helpers when they were sick' (64.7%), 'long distance to the medical facilities from their residence'(23.5%). The medication service was the most need service among home-visit health care services. The reasons why they didn't want to receive the home-visit health care services were 'we could walk and move' (60.0%), 'we wanted to have a direct contact with doctor' (25.7%) in the order of high rate. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the degree of want for home-visit health care were higher significantly in olders who were not in harmony with other family members and olders whose self-rated health status were 'poor'(p<0.05).