• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.66
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• pp.129-162
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• 2017

This article examines the form of hell and the nature of literary works in the late Joseon period. 'Hoeshimgok(回心曲)' divides a sinner into a man and a woman, and presents a virtue of goodness to a man and an item of evil to a woman. The elements of virtue and malice are both Buddhist ethical norms and Confucian ethical norms. Hell-related novels have common features that emphasize the ethical norms that should be kept in daily life through the causes of hell, though the patterns of punishment and their reasons are slightly different depending on the works. And 'Hoeshimgok(回心曲)' and these works are generally shown by reducing the punishment pixel of hell compared to the cause of hell. This characteristic shows that the literary works of the late Joseon literature related to hell were mainly aimed at providing or educating ethical virtues centered on 'Samgangwol(三綱五倫)' through sanctions of 'Hell' widely known to the general public. The emphasis on Confucian ethics is not limited to works of literature related to hell. In the nineteenth century, when these works were created and circulated, there is a surge in the number of chapters and publications of books for Confucian Indoctrination, Didactic Gasa, and Goodness Books, which emphasize Confucian ethics. Such a strengthening of the Confucian ethical consciousness can be attributed to the crisis of the 19th century Joseon society about the social confusion that threatens the existing system. In particular, the creation and circulation of literary works related to hell in the late Joseon period is related to the dissemination and spread of Catholicism. In the end, the hell shape of the late Joseon literature reflects the crisis of social confusion faced by Joseon society in the nineteenth century. Therefore, it can be said that it has the character of literary response to the prevalent diffusion of Catholicism.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.72
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• pp.367-392
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• 2022

The purpose of this study present directions and a model of Christian ecological spirituality education in the post-corona era, and to expand Christian education beyond the private to the public. There are various problems in today's modern society. The 4th Industrial Revolution and COVID-19 has changed daily life and standards over the past few years As a result, the post-corona discourse is becoming more active. In this context, this study conducted a study on what educational alternatives should be prepared in terms of Christian education for the post-corona era. Especially, one of the urgent problems that modern society needs to solve today is the problem of the ecological environment, and I tried to prepare an alternative in perspective of Christian spiritual education. To this end, the causes of today's ecological environmental problems were examined in three perspectives: global, social, and personal. It could be summarized as the problems of neoliberal globalization, anthropocentrism, and ecological ignorance, respectively. To solve this, the direction of Christian ecological spirituality education was presented as the spirituality of participatory responsibility, the spirituality of ecocentrism, and the spirituality of ecological conversion. The specific model of Christian ecological spirituality education was established by presenting educational purposes and goals, educational methods and contents, educational environment and evaluation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2009

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of intravenous administration of glycopyrrolate on cardiovascular and respiratory system in dogs given intravenous medetomidine (20 ${\mu}g$/kg) and intramuscular midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) (MM). Prior to administration of MM, glycopyrrolate was administered intravenously at doses of 5 ${\mu}g$/kg (Gly-5), 10 ${\mu}g$/kg (Gly-10) or 20 ${\mu}g$/kg (Gly-20), respectively. For the control group saline was administered intravenously. In the cardiovascular system, HR, BP, RAP, PAWP, CI, SI, SVR, and PVR were measured. RR, $V_T$, $P_{ETCO2}$, and arterial blood gas analysis were measured for respiratory system. Although rapid and satisfied depth of sedation was obtained by MM, life-threatening bradycardia, the outstanding side-effect on cardiovascular system in dogs were observed. This combination also decreased CO and increased SVR, RAP, and PAWP significantly. The bradycardia could be prevented in all the glycopyrrolate treated groups, but tachycardia was observed in Gly-10 and Gly-20 groups. Significant increases in blood pressure were shown in glycopyrrolate treated groups. Also, tachycardia depends on dose of glycopyrrolate, compensating the CO. However, these were not fully reserved. In conclusion, MM combination could induce rapid and satisfied depth of sedation but was not the suitable method for the deep sedation of dogs with cardiovascular or circulatory problems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.85-96
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• 2011

The purpose of this study, Around Gyeonggi-do cultural propertie Change the Present Condition not apply to analyze the results of processing Change the Present Condition of the trends and issues, and characteristics are derived and In determining the basic data processing of the Change the Present Condition presented are intended to be. 248 of 2009 regulated by Gyeonggi-do Cultural Assets committee agenda for consideration of the more than three times a copy of 15 were enrolled in the study. Review the results of the Change the Present Condition permit, permit held, to review classified information and analyzes the results of processing and complementary. Application for change processing standards and their comparison with the Change the Present Condition of cultural property through the deliberations and conclusions should analyze the results. As a result of research first, decision to allow processing of the application is characterized by a variety of facilities and the lower floors many times the result of the approval, the construction of cultural property conditioned space after the application complements the exterior of the building permit has been determined, applied to the current building near where the decision to allow the existence of is the main reason Second, decisions permit held, if requested neighborhood facilities lots of facilities and construction of large-scale is the most. Results from the first hearing until a final decision is not much change in results and cultural property surroundings due to the building of the reason for rejection was the most inhibited. Third, reconsideration of the decision if the city's development projects and other large development projects, and floors of the building height did not significantly affect the change. Above all, Decisions based on the results of the presence or absence was a big acts and the reason for reconsideration, and on-site investigation is the most. Fourth, It is based on the processing of Change the Present Condition that has been passed or rejected treatment and standards of treatment in two areas where the two sections across any side of the strict criteria were applied. Cultural Properties and applications with the distance increases, the rejection and the reconsideration decision is limited Such distance did not affect the decision to allow.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.78
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• pp.153-189
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• 2024

This study sought to find the characteristics of the Protestant faith that emerged during the early missionary work of Korean Protestants in the Andong region of Gyeongsang Province, where Confucianism was developed. In the early days of Korean Protestantism (1905-1935), it focused on the life and lifestyle of Elder Lee Sang-dong, a nobleman with a background in Toegye Confucianism, who converted from Confucianism. Elder Sang-dong Lee's life and journey of faith can be illuminated and the implications can be connected through the theology of the faith community by Christian education scholar J. h. Westerhoff III. Westerhoff viewed Christian education as forming the values and worldview of individuals in the community while the faith community adapts to society and culture. Westerhoff's view of Christian education is that these values appear as a way of life within social and cultural processes, and this life helps to reveal various aspects of life based on different environments. As Sang-dong Lee began reading the Bible, he came to believe in Jesus and accepted the worldview of the Bible. The values o f the Bible accepted in this way opened up a world view shown by the Christian Bible rather than Confucian Toegye Neo-Confucianism in the encounter between Confucianism in the late Joseon Dynasty and early Protestant church history. Thus, he lived the lifestyle of a believer who put the words of the Bible into practice in the life of a Confucianism nobleman. He founded the Posan-dong Church and started a church with a martyrdom faith community. He was the first in Andong to sing the March 1st Independence Movement on his own, advocated the Korean Independence Movement, liberated slaves and demonstrated the equality movement, and established new education at DeoksinSeosuk. By implementing it, it faithfully fulfilled its role as a teacher of the enlightenment movement and catechesis. In the early days of Korean Protestantism, Lee Sang-dong, a layman who held the office of elder rather than a minister in an institutional church, is a practical example of the values and lifestyle shown through the encounter between Confucianism and Protestantism in the Andong region, the stronghold of Confucianism. It can be seen as providing deep insight in modern church history and from the perspective of Christian education.