• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.91-98
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• 2002

The aim of this study is to make the recall-based reading span test(Daneman & Carpenter, 1980) into the recognition-based test for on-line measuring the capacity of the participant. In order to measure the concurrent validity, a series of experiments is performed with varying features of distractors consisting of the reading span test. In experiment 1, which included irrelevant words as distractor, low correlation was observed. And in experiment 2, including several types of distractors which interfere with the selection of target words, low correlation was observed too. But in experiment 3, including distractors no more relevant in the Present trial but relevant in previous trial, high correlation was observed. The results of this study have theoretical implications on the validity of the reading span test and practical implication in that this study provides the tool for the studies on individual differences in working memory capacity.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.247-250
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• 2009

본 실험에서는 단어회상이 영어어휘 학습에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 160개 단어 쌍에 대해 어휘학습을 실시하였다. 세 종류의 어휘 학습 방법(교대학습, 반복검사, 반복학습)을 채택하여 학습을 실시하였으며 학습 1주일 후 160개 단어 쌍에 대해 지연회상검사를 실행하였다. 그 결과 세 종류의 어휘 학습 방법 중 단어회상을 강조한 두 개의 어휘 학습 방법에서 그렇지 않은 조건에 비해 유의미하게 좋은 지연회상률을 보였다. 또한 실험 참가자를 대상으로 선호하는 학습 방법에 대해 설문조사를 실시한 결과 63.5%의 설문 응답자가 한 번 학습한 것에 대해 스스로 시행하는 회상 검사를 선호하였다. 그러나 자가검증을 통한 회상 검사 자체가 효과적인 학습 방법이라고는 생각하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop Music Recall Technique for affect modification using programmed series of classical music, and further to apply the technique as therapeutic intervention for clients with anorexia nervosa. Music Recall Technique is composed of two sub-technique: first one is 'Music Recall(MR)' which is the way to reproduce of existing music on one's head and mind after listening to the music, and second intervention is 'Creative Music Recall(CMR)' which is the way to modify the exposed musical pieces or newly learned musical pieces. A client with anorexia nervosa with severe anxiety, anger and depression participated in this case study. The MRT is implemented in different stages pertaining to client's level of utilizing the music recall skill for the period of 10 sessions. Situations eliciting negative emotions were identified and music recalling was reinforced for the pertaining situation in order for the negative emotion to be coped and reduced by the end of session time. The client participated for 10 sessions, and was asked to fill out self-report on the affect change using MRT. Visual Analogue Scale was used for pre and post test for each session to measure the self perceived level of negative affect. State-trait anxiety inventory was also used to measure the anxiety level following the implementation of MRT. As results, negative emotions, such as anxiety, anger and depression were modified during stimulative-sedative music recall process. These negative emotions were decreased mostly during stimulative MR, especially, in the beginning process. Each negative affect on negative situation measured by VAS during each and entire session have been decreased. Negative emotion measured by state-trait anxiety inventory, state-trait anger expression inventory, and hopelessness-depression inventory were decreased as well. The results suggest that stimulative music using contemporary classic music was effective in reduction and modification of negative affect such as anxiety, anger and depression. It shows that Music Recall Technique can be a meaningful intervention for affect modification, and further it can be utilized as self-help in the outside of music therapy setting.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2001.10d
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• pp.226-232
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• 2001

본 연구는 결속장치(cohesive devices)가 과학텍스트의 읽기 속도와 내용 이해에 끼치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 연구의 목적을 위한 실험을 통해서 먼저, 텍스트의 문단별 읽기 시간을 측정하여 온라인 처리 과정을 검토하였고, 둘째, 회상과 재인 검사를 실시하여 오프라인 상태에서의 이해도를 조사하였다. 이 연구의 재료로 사용된 텍스트는 번개 생성과정에 대한 과학텍스트로서, 반복, 지시사, 정박(anchoring), 인과적 접속사 등의 결속장치를 이용하여 응집성(coherence)의 강도를 높고, 낮게 조작하였다. 실험 결과, 결속장치가 길속장치의 종류와 지엽적 응집성의 강도에 따라 과학텍스트 읽기와 이해에 선택적으로 영향을 끼친다는 것을 발견하였다. 첫째, 인과적 접속사는 읽기 시간에는 영향을 주지 않는 반면, 이해를 촉진했는데, 이 긍정적 효과는 과제의 종류에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 즉, 회상 검사 결과에서는 인과적 접속사가 쓰인 모든 문단에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으나, 재인 검사에서는 유의한 차이가 부분적으로만 나타났다. 둘째, 반복 결속장치는 다른 결속장치와 같이 발생할 경우에만 읽기 시간과 이해를 부분적으로 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째. 정박 결속장치의 영향은 읽기와 이해 두 처리 과정에 모두 선택적으로 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 인과적 접속사와 함께 쓰인 문단의 경우에는 회상 검사에서만, 반복 결속장치가 함께 쓰인 문단에서는 회상, 재인 검사에서 모두 긍정적 영향을 준 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.95-105
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• 2000

본 논문은 재학습 없이도 검사를 반복함에 따라 기억수행이 증가하는 기억상승(hypermnesia) 현상에 작용하는 실험적 변인을 조사하였다. 그림목록이 시각적으로 제시된 실험 1과 단어목록이 청각적으로 제시된 실험 2 모두에서 기억상승의 중요한 요소인 기억회복(reminiscence)이 얻어졌다. 또한 반복검사를 실시할 때 주어지는 검사 지시문이 기억증가에 대한 장려를 할 때 얻어진 기억상승의 효과는 그렇지 않은 지시문이 주어진 통제 조건에 비하여 유의하게 컸다. 그러나 회상량의 차이가 기억회복량의 차이와 상관을 보이지는 않았다. 또한 기억회복은 발달적 차이와는 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.645-652
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• 1999

The effects of number, source, and sequence of analogs on middle school students' concept recall and application were investigated. Based on the number (one/two) and source(everyday/science) of analogs, four types of learning materials were developed and pilot-tested. Prior to the treatment the field dependence/independence (FD/l) test was administered and the scores were used as a blocking variable. The learning materials were read by randomly assigned middle school students (N=88), and the concept recall and application test was administered immediately and four weeks later. In the immediate and retention tests, there were no significant main effects of number, source, and sequence of analogs. In the application problems of retention test. however, there were some significant interaction effects with students' FD/I. Field-independent students who learned with two analogs scored significantly higher than those who learned with one analog. In the case of using two analogs, field-dependent students who learned with everyday-analog first scored significantly higher than those who learned with science-analog first.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.115-134
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• 1996

The study was designed to investigate implicit and explicit memory for words with processing theory.From experiment 1 to experiment 3,in a study phase,subjects first viewed stimulus words and were required to rate likeness of words of semantic processing task and to count lines of words of perceptual processing task.In a test phase,subjects were tested by implicit word completion task and explicit cued recall task.In experiment 1,levels of processing (LOP)effects were examined.Lop effects were obtained on the explicit memory tasks but not on the implicit memory tasks.In experiment 2,repertition of perceptual processing task influenced onlu implicit memory task.In experiment 3,bepertiotion of semantic processing task affected both implicit memory task and explicit memory task.These findings suggest that repetition effect of stimulus words are explanied better in dual process theory than transfer-appropriate processing theory.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.203-208
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• 2020

This study examined whether Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is related to the reduction of specific memory among linguistic memory and visuospatial memory, and to identify the most predictive index for discriminating MCI from normal elderly. The subjects were analyzed for 189 elderly (103 healthy elderly, 86 MCI). The verbal memory was used by the Seoul Verbal Learning Test. visuospatial memory was measured using the Rey Complex Figure Test. As a result of multiple logistic regression, verbal memory and visuospatial memory showed significant predictive performance in discriminating MCI from normal elderly. On the other hand, when all the confounding variables were corrected, including the results of each memory test, the predictive power was significant in distinguishing MCI from normal aging only in the immediate recall of verbal memory, and the predictive power was not significant in the immediate recall of visuospatial memory. This result suggests that delayed recall of visuospatial memory and immediate recall of verbal memory are the best combinations to discriminate memory ability of MCI.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-107
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• 2009

Episodic memory, i.e. memorization of information within a spatiotemporal environment, is affected Alzheimer's disease(AD), but its impairment may also be occurred in the normal aging process. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate memory in with Dementia of Alzheimer Type by examining their cognitive skills in episodic memory using the technique. This new method involves assessing the mental images the subject's own past in the mind like projected and movies. Three patients in the early stage of Dementia of Alzheimer Type, one with mild depression, and 2 healthy controls for comparison were asked to retrieve their episodic memory of the previous day, week, month, and a day testing day. The answers were then analyzed with regards to their specific features as emotional state, color, and time order. In the following day, the subjects were tasked to recall again the images they reproduced in the day's test order to observe of memory. Results showed that all 3 patients failed to arrange the retrieved images in time order and their images of the previous day were unclear in color and were stationary like photographs, even when they reproduced the mental images at much quantity as controls. patients could not remember particular events of yesterday, and only recalled the general occurrences of every day life. These results suggest that in the early stage of Dementia of Alzheimer Type, difficulties in the retrieval of recent episodic memory begin to primarily occur, and qualitative impairment happens earlier than quantitative.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.477-486
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to analyze the correlation between depression and memory, by considering the occurrence of ApoE ɛ4 and clinical dementia rating in the elderly with Alzheimer's dementia. This study included 50 participants over 65 years of age, evaluated with CDR 0.5 to 2. We performed CDR, SVLT-E, RCFT, SGDS-K, and ApoE genotyping. Spearman's correlation analysis was used for determining the correlation between depression and memory. The results indicate a significant negative correlation between depression and immediate recall verbal memory in the CDR 1 and 2 without ApoE ɛ4 carrier group (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was also determined between depression and delayed recall verbal memory in the CDR 1 of the same group. Ed. Notes: The previous sentence already shows this correlation. I suggest this should be deleted from this statement. However, no significant correlation was observed between depression and visual memory. This study found a significant correlation between depression and immediate recall verbal memory. Also, the presence of ApoE ɛ4 indicates a significant correlation between depression and delayed verbal recall memory. Taken together, our results indicate that verbal memory training rather than visual memory training can be more effective in early AD. Also, the treatment of depression will provide a complementary effect.