• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.653-658
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• 2004

Oxidative stress is currently suggested as a mechanism underyling diabetes. Accordingly, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Aralia elate water extracts (AEW) on activities of hepatic oxygen free radical generating and scavenging enzymes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats divided into nondiabetic group, diabetic group, and diabetic-AEW supplemented group. The extract was supplemented in 1.14% of raw Aralia elata/kg diet for 7 weeks. Diabetes was induced by injecting STZ (55 mg/kg BW, ip) once 2 weeks before sacrifying. The hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, xanthine oxidase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were significantly lowered in the diabetic group compared to the nondiabetic group. Whereas, the activities of aniline hydroxylase and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione S-transferase, were significantly higher in the diabetic group than in the nondiabetic group. However, the supplementation of AEW normalized these enzyme activities in STZ-induced diabetic rats. When the AEW was supplemented with the diabetic rats, hepatic glutathione content was markedly elevated as well as lipid peroxide level was significantly lowered compared to those of the diabetic group. Thus, these results suggested that AEW supplement enhanced the activities of oxygen species metabolizing enzymes in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.231-241
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• 2011

Anoxia Treatment using inert gas like nitrogen and argon has been used to eradicate insects successfully in museums as alternative of methyl bromide and toxic insecticide. Killing efficacy of insect for anoxia treatment is depend on species of insects, oxygen concentration, temperature, relative humidity and gas. It is possible to kill museum insects which are most tolerant in anoxia environment, within 1 month below 0.03% of oxygen concentration in temperature $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity 40~60% of museum environment. And various systems like bag, tent, bubble and chamber depending on size and quantity of objects, are used.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.3 s.62
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• pp.503-513
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of oxygen tension on the activity and function of the cells derived from human periodontal ligament by measuring cell activity, total protein synthesis, collagen synthesis, $IL-1{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}$ Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were collected from premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment and incubated in the environment of $37^{\circ}C,\;5\%\;CO_2,\100\%$ humidity. After the fifth to sixth passage they were used for the experiment. Gaspack system to which $0.2{\mu}m$ Millipore filter was attached was connected to mixed-gas tanks. The mixed gases were composed of $10\%\;O_2,\;5\%\;CO_2,\;85\%\;N_2$ in hyoxic group or $90\%\;O_2,\;5\%\;CO_2,\;5\%\;N_2$ in hyperoxic group and $5\%\;CO_2,\;95\%$ air for control. After incubation in $37^{\circ}C$ for 2, 4, 6 days, cell activity was determined by tetrazolium(MTT) assay and total protein synthesis was assayed using sulforhodamine B(SRB). And measurement of 4-hydroxyproline was performed to assess collagen synthesis md $IL-1{\beta},\;IL-6,\;and\;TNF-{\alpha}$ were measured by enzymeimmunoassay. The results were as follows. 1. The cell activity and total protein synthesis in hypoxic group were a little higher than or almost the same with those in control group. 2. In hyperoxic group, the cell activity was lower than that in control group and total protein synthesis was decreased. 3. Collagen synthesis was significantly decreased initially in both hypoxic and hyperoxic group and increased nearly to the level of control group as the duration of cell incubation was longer 4. As a result of enzymeimmunoassay, the amount of cytokines was $IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}\;and\;IL-1{\beta}$ in order. 5. $IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}\;and\;IL-1{\beta}$ were increased more rapidly in both hypoxic and hyperoxic group than in control group as the duration of cell incubation was longer. 6. There were more $IL-6\;and\;TNF-{\alpha}$ in hyperoxic group than in control group after 6 days, and there were more $IL-6\;and\;TNF-{\alpha}$ after 6 days than after 2 or 4 days in hyperoxic group. These results suggested that oxygen tension might modulate the production of extracellular matrix and cytokines in the cells derived from human periodontal ligament.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.53-69
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• 2008

목적 : 이 연구는 Vipera lebetina turanica의 사독약침액(蛇毒藥鍼液)(Snake venom toxin, SVT)이 인간 신경아세포종의 암세포주인 SK-N-SH 세포에서 암세포성장의 억제 및 그 기전에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : SVT를 처리한 후 SK-N-SH의 성장억제를 관찰하기 위해 CCK-8 assay와 LDH assay를 시행하였고, apoptosis 평가에는 세포형태의 관찰과 DAPI, TUNEL, Annexin V-PI double staining assay 및 cell detachment assay를 시행하였다. 세포자멸사 관련 세포기전을 보기 위하여 세포주기, 세포내 칼슘량, 세포내 활성산소량 및 미토콘드리아의 세포막전위 변화를 측정하였고, DNA fragmentation assay를 시행하였으며, 세포자멸사 조절 단백인 Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, -9의 발현 변화 관찰에는 western blot analysis를 시행하였다. 결과 : SK-N-SH 세포에 SVT를 처리한 후, 신경아세포종 세포의 성장, Apoptosis의 유발 및 기전의 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. SVT를 처리한 SK-N-SH 세포 관찰에서 세포독성은 농도의존적으로 증가하는 경향이 있는 반면 암세포성장의 유의한 억제는 $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ SVT에 의해서만 나타났다. 2. 세포자멸사 평가에서 SVT를 처리한 SK-N-SH 세포는 세포자멸사의 특징적 형태를 나타내었다. TUNEL assay에서는 세포자멸사 활성세포가 미약하게 나타난 반면 cell detachment assay와 Annexin V-PI double staining에서는 각각 세포박리와 세포자멸사 활성세포의 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 3. 세포자멸사 관련 세포기전연구에서 SVT를 처리한 SK-N-SH 세포의 세포주기, 세포 내 칼슘양 및 DNA fragmentation에는 유의한 변화가 관찰되지 않은 반면 세포내 활성산소 양은 유의한 증가를 나타내었고, 그에 따른 미토콘드리아 세포막 전위의 유의한 변동이 관찰되었다. 4. SVT를 처리한 SK-N-SH는 세포자멸사 관련 단백 발현에서 Bax에 대해 유의한 증가를 나타내지 않았으나 caspase-3 및 caspase-9의 유의한 증가와 Bcl-2의 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 SVT가 세포 내 활성산소를 증가시킴으로써 미토콘드리아의 세포막전위에 변화를 일으켜 인간 신경아세포종 세포주인 SK-N-SH의 세포박리와 유관한 세포자멸사를 유발함으로써 증식억제 효과가 있음을 입증한 것이다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-57
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• 2008

목적 : 이 연구는 Vipera lebetina turanica의 사독약침액(蛇毒藥鍼液)(Snake venom toxin, SVT)이 인간 신경아세포종의 암세포주인 SK-N-MC 세포에서 암세포성장의 억제 및 그 기전에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : SVT를 처리한 후 SK-N-MC의 성장억제를 관찰하기 위해 CCK-8 assay와 LDH assay를 시행하였고, apoptosis 평가에는 세포형태의 관찰과 DAPI, TUNEL, Annexin V-PI double staining assay 및 cell detachment assay를 시행하였다. 세포자멸사 관련 세포기전을 보기 위하여 세포주기, 세포내 칼슘량, 세포내 활성산소량 및 미토콘드리아의 세포막전위 변화를 측정하였고, DNA fragmentation assay를 시행하였으며, 세포자멸사 조절 단백인 Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, -9의 발현 변화 관찰에는 western blot analysis를 시행하였다. 결과 : SK-N-MC 세포에 SVT를 처리한 후, 신경아세포종 세포의 성장, Apoptosis의 유발 및 기전에 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. SVT를 처리한 SK-N-MC 세포 관찰에서 $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ SVT 처리가 암세포성장의 유의한 억제를 나타내었다. 세포독성 관찰에서 SVT처리는 처리하지 않은 것에 비하여 증가를 나타내었다. 2. 세포자멸사 평가에서 SVT를 처리한 SK-N-MC 세포는 세포자멸사의 특징적 형태를 나타내었다. TUNEL assay에서는 세포자멸사 활성세포가 미약하게 나타난 반면 cell detachment assay와 Annexin V-PI double staining에서는 각각 세포박리와 세포자멸사 활성세포의 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 3. 세포자멸사 관련 세포기전연구에서 SVT를 처리한 SK-N-MC 세포의 세포주기, 세포내 칼슘량 및 DNA fragmentation에는 유의한 변화가 관찰되지 않은 반면 세포내 활성산소 양은 유의한 증가를 나타내었고, 그에 따른 미토콘드리아 세포막 전위의 유의한 변동이 관찰되었다. 4. SVT를 처리한 SK-N-MC는 세포자멸사 관련 단백 발현에서 caspase-9에 대해 유의한 증가를 나타내지 않았으나 Bax 및 caspase-3의 유의한 증가와 Bcl-2의 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 SVT가 세포내 활성산소를 증가시키므로 미토콘드리아의 세포막전위에 변화를 일으켜 인간 신경아세포종 세포주인 SK-N-MC의 세포박리와 유관한 세포자멸사를 유발하므로 증식억제 효과가 있음을 입증한 것이다.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2001

The present study was to obtain a basic research data about medicinal herbs by screening in vitro antimicrobial activity and the production of superoxide anion($O_2^-$) from the head kidney phagocytes of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The following fourteen kinds of medicinal herbs extracted by boiling water were used : Gosam, Gwijeonu, Gujeolcho, Bagha, Bangpung, Yeongyo, Yagssug, Jiyu, Sambaegcho, Samjiguyeobcho, Sangbaegpi, Sohwehyang, Pyeonchug, Palgag. Antimicrobial activity against fish pathogenic bacteria, Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio sp., Vibrio alginolyticus, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus sp. and Lactococcus garvieae, and the production of superoxide in kidney macrophage of olive flounder were examined by disk method and nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) reaction, respectively. Among the tested herbs, Yagssug showed the highest antimicrobial activity against those fish pathogenic bacteria and stimulation of $O_2^-$ production.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2016

Catalytic combustion of benzene over various metal cation-exchanged zeolites has been investigated. Y(4.8)-type zeolite showed the highest activity among the used zeolites and Cu/Y(4.8) catalyst also showed the highest activity among metal cation/ Y(4.8) zeolites. The catalytic activity increased according to the amount of adsorbed oxygen acquired from O₂ TPD results. The catalytic activity also increased with an increase of Cu cation concentration on Cu/Y(4.8) catalysts. The conversion of benzene on the combustion reaction depended on not benzene concentration but the oxygen concentration. In addition, the introduction of water into reactants decreased the catalytic activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.341-341
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• 1994

생체막의 주요 구성성분인 인지질의 2번 위치에 결합한 불포화지방산은 각종 전이금속이나 각종 활성산소들의 공격을 쉽게 받아 지질과산화반응이 일어나서 생체에 유독한 화합물을 생성하게 된다. 생체는 이러한 기구의 해독을 위하여 크게 2가지 방어기전을 갖고 있다. 즉 Vitamin- C, $\alpha$-tocopherol, flavonoid, SOD, catalase 등과 같이 생성된 활성산소를 제거시키는 기구와. 활성산소에 의해 생성된 과산화물을 제거시키는 기구로 glutathione peroxidase (GPX)가 알려졌으며 GPX에 의해 독성이 낮은 수산화물까지 환원시키는 기구가 보고되었다. 그러나 인지질의 과산화물 그대로는 GPX의 기질이 쥘수 없으므로, 산화된 지방산을 절단하는 효소에 대한 기구의 해석이 요구되고 있다. 최근 여러질병에 관련되어 있는 인지질 2번위치의 지방산을 분해하는 phospholipase $A_2$ (PLA$_2$)가 과산화지질의 분해에 관여한다는 주장이 제기되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 rat liver microsome에 $CCl_4$투여로 일어나는 과산화반응에 있어서 PLA$_2$의 역할을 규명하기 위하여 본 실험을 행하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.764-769
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• 2006

In the electrokinetic(EK) process, oxygen production by electrolysis was proportional to current density. The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in anode tank and bioreactor increased with the circulation rate of electrolyte. The bacterial population in bioreactor rapidly increased by the supplement of current, but the DO concentration deceased by the increased bacterial oxygen consumption. From the results of EK bioremediation for pentadecane-contaminated soil, the bacterial population and removal efficiency at 1.88 $mA/cm^2$ were lower than those at 0.63 $mA/cm^2$. This is because the high oxygen production rate largely increased the production rate of organic acids, which reduced the electrolyte pH and bacterial activity. At 0.63 $mA/cm^2$, the highest bacterial population and removal efficiency could be obtained due to the appropriate oxygen production and small decrease in pH.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.275-284
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• 1992

A generated problem in treated highly concentrated organic wastewater by activated sludge process is the limitation of biomass concentration and oxygen transfer capability in aeration tank. To overcome the limitation, the deep shaft activated sludge process which has high oxygen transfer capability was applied to the wastewater treatment process. This paper investigated the characteristics of liquid circulation, oxygen transfer and biological treatment of paper mill wastewater by the deep shaft activated sludge process. From the obtained results, it was found that the oxygen transfer capability in the deep shaft system was much greater than those in the conventional aeration systems and almost tantamount to the pure oxygen system. The deep shaft system could treat highly concentrated organic wastewater by higher biomass concentration and organic loading rate.