• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.91-95
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• 2000

계면활성제를 이용하여 토양에 존재하는 유기 오염물질을 제거하는데 있어서, 계면활성제가 토양과의 상호작용시 투수계수를 상당히 ($10^2$ 이상) 감소시키면 이 복원방법은 실용성이 없다 그러므로 본 연구의 목적은 선택된 계면활성제와 투수계수 사이의 상관 관계를 고찰하는데 있다. 본 연구 결과 계면활성제(DOSL) 사용 후 증류수와의 상대적 비교치로써 투수계수는 21~35 % 감소하였다. 이 감소 수치의 의미는 선택된 계면활성제(DOSL)는 토양 복원 연구에 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.876-880
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• 1999

The surfactant self-diffusion coefficients of mixed micellar solutions of ionic and nonionic surfactants have been measured by the NMR pulsed field gradient spin echo(FT-PGSE) method. In addition, the line widths of $^1H$ NMR signal have been monitored. The system investgated are $C_{12}EO_5/SDS/D_2O$, $C_{12}EO_5/DTAC/D_2O$, and $C_{12}EO_8/SDS/D_2O$. In the sample series, the molar ratios of $D_2O$ to surfactant(ionic+nonionic) were kept constant while the surfactant mixing ratio was varied. For the $C_{12}EO_5$ system, the surfactant self-diffusion coefficient indicates minimum when the surfactant mixing ratio is about 20% ionic surfactant. The observed decrease in self-diffusion coefficients as nonionic surfactant was replaced by ionic surfactant is interpreted to mainly be due to an increased micelle-micelle repulsion. The increase in self-diffusion coefficients occurring at higher fraction of ionic surfactant is shown to be due to a decrease in micelle size. For the $C_{12}EO_8$ system, the effect of the surfactant mixing ratio is much weaker which can be understood by considering the molecular geometry and large headgroup area. The proton NMR line widths correlate well with the self-diffusion coefficients and broadening of the alkyl chain methylene signals is found when the self-diffusion coefficients is low.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.191-194
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 2D-DCT 변환된 동영상 프레임 사이의 오차 블록들의 활성 레벨(atcivity level)과 에지의 특성을 분류하여 동영상의 적응적인 양자화를 제안한다. 각 블록에서는 활성 레벨이 각기 다르고, 같은 활성 레벨이라 할지라도 에지의 특성도 각기 다르게 나타난다. 적응적인 양자화를 위해서, 2D-DCT 변환된 영상 오차의 각 블록의 활성레벨 뿐만 아니라 AC 계수들의 분포에 따른 에지 특성을 분류하면, 블록의 활성 레벨만을 일률적으로 적용한 Sorting 방법의 경우보다 향상된 영상을 복원할 수 있다. 블록의 활성 레벨은 AC energy에 의해서 측정하고, 에지 특성은 AC 계수들의 분포에 의해 결정하게 된다.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 1999

Partitioning of two hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), phenanthrene and naphthalene, to kaolinite and sorbed surfactants was studied to evaluate the feasibility of surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) of contaminated subsurface systems. Sorbed surfactant partition coefficients. $K_ss$, showed a strong dependence on the surfactant sorption isotherms at low sorbed surfactant levels $K_ss$ values were at their highest and then decreased with increasing surfactant sorption densities. $K_ss$ values for SDS were always larger than corresponding $K_mic$values. For Tween 80, however. $K_ss$ values $K_mic$ were higher than $K_mic$ values only at the lower sorbed surfactant densities. HOC distribution between immobile and mobile phases varied with surfactant dose distribution coefficients increased initially with increasing surfactant concentrations and then decreased at higher doses. This observation shows directly the competition between sorbed and micellar surfactants for HOC partitioning. Overall results of this study demonstrate that surfactant sorption to the solid phase can lead to increases in HOC retardation in some SER applications. Therefore, before an SER process is selected, appropriate consideration of surfactant sorption and HOC partitioning to immobile versus mobile phases pertinent to a specific subsurface system must be contemplated.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.509-514
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• 2001

흑연과 수지의 결합력 증진을 위해 산세척을 통해 표면에 활성을 도입하였다. 흑연표면의 FTIR 관찰결과, 초산의 농도에 비례하여 탄소표면에 -O-C=O와 -OH 흡수 띠의 강도가 증가되었다. 시편의 마찰계수는 높은 밀도와 경도 및 강도를 나타내는 조성의 시편에서 낮고 안정된 마찰계수를 보였다. 거리에 따른 마찰계수를 측정한 결과, 흑연블럭은 마찰초기에 낮은 마찰계수 값을 가지나 거리가 증가함에 따라 안정되지 못한 마모가동을 나타내었다. 반면 수지결합질 탄소재는 마찰초기에는 높은 마찰계수를 나타내었지만 마모가 진행되면서 윤활층 형성으로 인해 안정된 마찰거동을 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.64-68
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• 1998

본 연구는 오염토양/지하수의 정화를 위하여 사용되는 계면활성제 교정기술의 보다 현실적인 평가를 위하여 토양에 흡착된 계면활성제에 대한 소수성 유기오염물인 Naphthalene과 Phenanthrene의 흡수현상에 대한 연구결과를 나타내었다. 음이온 계면활성제인 Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)와 중성 계면활성제인 Tween 80의 흡착곡선은 소수성 꼬리 (hydrophobic tails)간의 상호작용에 의하여 S-형 모양을 보이며 이들 흡착된 계면활성제는 Micelle로 존재하는 계면활성제에 비하여 유기오염물에 대한 보다 강한 흡수능력을 나타내었다. 결과에 나타난 흡수능력의 차이는 계면활성제가 흡착되어있거나 Micelle상태로 존재할 경우 다른 구조를 형성하기 때문이라 사료된다. 흡수된 계면활성제와 Micelle의 상호경쟁에 의하여 유기오염물의 부동성(immobility)을 나타내는 분배계수(distribution coefficient)는 계면활성제의 농도에 반비례하였다. 결론적으로 토양/지하수의 오염물 정화를 위하여 계면활성제 교정기술의 적용 시 고정상 (solid phase)에 있는 흡착 계면활성제에 의한 유기오염물의 지체현상 (retardation)을 고려하여야 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1391-1396
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• 2011

Houttuynia cordata Thunb powder (0.05 g) was placed in a stainless vessel containing 10 mL of water, and subcritical water (SCW) extraction was carried out at various temperatures (50, 100, 200, and $300^{\circ}C$) for 10, 30, and 60 min. SCW treatment significantly affected physiologically important compounds, antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of H. cordata Thunb extracts. H. cordata Thunb extracted at $300^{\circ}C$ for 30 min had the highest quercetin content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, whereas the extract at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min possessed the highest flavonoid content. The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity was found in H. cordata Thunb extracted at 200 and $300^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. These results indicate that SCW extraction might be a useful processing method for obtaining valuable materials from H. cordata Thunb.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.349-353
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• 1999

A study was carried out to see the effects of phenol on the biological degradation of a wastewater containing 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol and the biodegradation kinetic coefficients of Eckenfelder's modified model for the activated sludge process. The system containing base mix (BM) which was formulated with essential energy sources and nutrients was run down and washed out when 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol was introduced into the base mix unit without acclimation to phenol. Whereas for the system acclimated to phenol, the treatment efficiency was 91.9% in terms of $BOD_5$ and treatability for each chemical of phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol was 99.8%, 43.3% and 62.5% based on concentration, respectively. Additional BM was added into the combined unit containing phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol so that the better treatment efficiency was achieved for each compound. The biokinetic coefficient of Eckenfelder's modified model without phenol acclimation was not estimated because the system did not reach the steady state. Thc coefficient for the phenol acclimation was 12.44 /day, however it was changed as 46.91 /day in addition of both of phenol acclimation and 47 mg/l of BM. The results presented above could be useful for the process design and further study in the field of biodegradation of benzene derivatives.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.457-460
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• 1994

Dependence of saturation energy density and small signal gain coefficient on the active gas pressure in XeCl laser amplifier has been investigated. The saturation energy density was increased almost linearly as 1.3, 1.45, 2.0, and $2.3mJ/\textrm{cm}^2$ when the pressure of Xe and He were 30 and 2000 mb, and the pressure of HC] was varied as 34, 52, 73, and 92 mb. Whereas the small signal gain coefficient was measured to be 6.5, 7.5, 7.0, 7.0 %/cm, which shows that the small signal gain did not varies not so much.o much.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.533-536
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• 2001

In this study, biological activity in activated sludge process for pharmaceutical wastewater was analyzed by using respirometer. For various amounts of BOD loadings. oxygen uptake rate was measured and kinetic paramelers were evaluated. By repetition of experiments, optimal operating conditions (eg. MLSS. BOD loadings. oxygen concentration, etc) were decided for the enhancement of activated sludge process.