• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.484-491
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• 2005

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) analyzes potential hazard of microorganisms on public health and offers structured approach to assess risks associated with microorganisms in foods. This paper addresses specific risk management questions associated with Staphylococcus aureus in kimbab and improvement and dissemination of QMRA methodology, QMRA model was developed by constructing four nodes from retail to table pathway. Predictive microbial growth model and survey data were combined with probabilistic modeling to simulate levels of S. aureus in kimbab at time of consumption, Due to lack of dose-response models, final level of S. aureus in kimbeb was used as proxy for potential hazard level, based on which possibility of contamination over this level and consumption level of S. aureus through kimbab were estimated as 30.7% and 3.67 log cfu/g, respectively. Regression sensitivity results showed time-temperature during storage at selling was the most significant factor. These results suggested temperature control under $10^{\circ}C$ was critical control point for kimbab production to prevent growth of S. aureus and showed QMRA was useful for evaluation of factors influencing potential risk and could be applied directly to risk management.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2012

Purpose: Those who access to the nuclear medicine department are classified as radiation workers, temporarily access group, and occasional access group as defined by the atomic energy law. The radiation workers and temporarily access people wear a personal radiation dosimeter for checking their own radiation absorbed dose periodically. However, because of the sanitation workers, classified as temporarily access group, who are working in the nuclear medicine department are moved in a cycle with other departments and their works are changeful, it is hard to control their radiation absorbed dose. Thus, this study is going to examine the state of the sanitation worker's radiation absorbed dose, and then make sure whether they are classified as temporarily access group or not. Materials and methods: In the first instance, the first sanitation worker who works in vitro laboratory and PET room and the second sanitation worker who works in gamma camera rooms (invivo room) wore radiation dosimeter-OSL(Optically Stimulated Luminescence)- to measure their own radiation absorbed dose during work time from May to June 2011. Secondly, this study was taken place 5 places in gamma camera rooms, 2 places in PET bed room, operating room, waiting room and cyclotron room in PET and 4 places in vitro laboratory. And then to measure the radiation space dose rate, it is measured 10 times each of places as sanitation worker's work flow by using radiation survey meter. Results: The radiation absorbed dose on OSL of the first c who works in vitro laboratory and PET room and the second one who works in gamma camera rooms are 0.04, 0.02 mSv per month respectively. That means the estimated annual radiation absorbed doses are less than 1mSv as 0.48, 0.24 mSv/yr respectively. The radiation space dose rates as sanitation worker's work flow using survey meter are 0.0037, 0.0019 mSv/day, so the estimated annual radiation absorbed dose are 0.93, 0.47 mSv/yr respectively. The weighted exposure dose of first sanitation worker of each places are 1.62% in cyclotron room, 3.88% in waiting room, 2.39% in operating room, 81.01% in bed room of PET and 11.01% in vitro laboratory. The weighted exposure dose of second sanitation worker of each places are 45.22% in radiopharmaceutical laboratory, gamma 30.64% in camera rooms, 15.65% in waiting room, 8.49% in reading room. Conclusion: The annual radiation absorbed doses on OSL of both sanitation workers are less than 1 mSv per year and the annual radiation absorbed doses by using survey meter are less than 1mSv either, but close up to 1 mSv. Thus, to clarify whether the sanitation workers are temporarily access group or not, and to be lessen their s radiation absorbed dose, they should be educated about management of radiation and modified their work flow or work time appropriately, their radiation absorbed dose would be lessen certainly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.258-268
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) consumption with nutrition and health status. Examination of health status for this project included obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low-HDL-cholesterolemia, diabetes, anemia, and metabolic syndrome. Methods: Two groups, RTEC consumers and those who did not consume RTEC, were identified using 24-hour dietary recall data from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Nutritional intakes and risk factors of the two groups were compared using covariates-adjusted statistical procedures. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS survey procedures, and strata, cluster, and weight were considered. Subjects of analysis of nutritional intake were between the ages of 1 and 75, and those considered in the risk factor analysis were between the ages of 19 and 75. Results: Results showed that 3.8% of the Korean population was RTEC consumers. Compared to the subjects who did not intake RTEC, RTEC consumers exhibited significantly higher intakes of calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C. It was also discovered that the percentage of people whose intakes were less than EAR decreased with RTEC consumption. RTEC consumption showed significant association with decreased systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, and serum total cholesterol. Consequently, prevalence of hypertension among RTEC consumers was significantly lower than that among non-consumers, and the odds ratio for hypertension was 0.19 after adjusting the models for covariates. Conclusion: Results of this study clearly suggest an association of RTEC consumption with improved nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk profile in Korean adults. Conduct of additional studies will be necessary in order to determine the nature of these relationships.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to compare the habitual soft contact lens wear to recommended wearing schedule for subjects and suggest a clinical guideline for prescribing contact lens. Methods: 611 adults (39 men and 572 women) with contact lens experience took part in this study. The survey collected information about current wearing schedule (hours/day and days/week), types of lenses worn and awareness of recommended wear schedule. Results: The subjects wore the daily contact lens for $7.97{\pm}3.60$ hours/day in average. Of these, 247 subjects (40.4%) exceeded the recommended wear schedule and 36 (5.9%) wore for over 15 hours. It turned out that subjects with 3-month extended contact lenses and the ones with the conventional daily wear wore for $9.79{\pm}2.68$ hours and $8.98{\pm}3.30$ hours/day, respectively. For subjects wearing contact lenses longer than five days/week it tended to wear for over 9 hours. Those who were aware of the wear schedule were 293 (48.0%), and those not were 318 (52.0%). 56.7% of subjects who were aware of the wear schedule respected the recommendation whereas only 22.3% of those unaware of it were found to respect it. The possibility to respect the wear schedule was 4.55 times higher when wearers were aware of it. Conclusions: Korean office workers wearing contact lenses wore for $7.97{\pm}3.60$ hours/day. 247 (40.4%) of subjects wore contact lens longer than recommended wear schedule. This implies that it will need to educate contact lens wearer about recommended wear schedule and advice for the long time wearer.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence factors of the university level centering on the entrepreneurial performance of the university students and full-time faculties in the situation of increasing interest in entrepreneurial university. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a panel data was established from 2015 to 2018 on the basis of the university notification data. The panel data included universities with data on the number of university students and full-time faculty founders for at least two years. Through this, four year data from 154 universities were used for analysis. As an analysis method, frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted to understand the characteristics of the university. Since then, panel negative binomial regression analysis has been conducted in consideration of the longitudinal features and distribution of the data. Also, based on the Hausman test results, the results were interpreted based on random effect model. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of the analysis of the entrepreneurial performance and the change trend of the domestic university from 2015 to 2018, the entrepreneurial performance of the university has been steadily increasing in the last four years, and the increase in the number of university student entrepreneurs was relatively higher than the full-time faculties. Second, economic and educational approaches need to be combined to promote university students' start-ups. The university factors that promote the start-up of university students were found to be scholarships, start-up grants, startup lectures, and startup clubs. Third, the openness and regional characteristics of the univeristy can promote the establishment of university students. Fourth, the establishment of a research environment and support for start-ups for full-time faculty members can enhance their start-up performance. The university factors that promote the start-up of full-time faculty were research funds and staffes who support start-up. The conclusions drawn from these findings are as follows. First, overall efforts are needed to develop into an entrepreneurial university. Second, in order to change into an entrepreneurial university, direct support for entrepreneurship is needed. Third, as an entrepreneurial university, it is necessary to find a way to bridge the gap by university according to region and size. Fourth, it is necessary to reinforce the support for linking the research results of universities to start-ups. Fifth, it is necessary to improve the atmosphere for full-time faculty members to be entrepreneur.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

The relationships between the ability to understand changes in meaning depending on the prosody of spoken words and the ability to perceive pitch and melodic contour in cochlear implants (CI) recipients were examined. Fifteen postlingual CI recipients were measured in terms of speech prosody perception, speech perception, pitch discrimination (PD), and melody contour identification (MCI). The speech prosody perception test consists of words with positive (PW) and neutral meaning (NW). Participants were asked to identify the meaning of words depending on the conditions of positive and negative prosody. The MCI consists of subtests 1 and 2 with different chance levels to choose. Then, the relationships between speech prosody perception, speech perception, PD, and MCI performance were analyzed. There was a significant difference in identifying the meaning of words expressed in a different prosody between the PW and NW conditions. Speech prosody perception showed a significant correlation with MCI 1 while there was no significant relationship with speech perception. Although speech perception may be possible after CI, limited spoken word comprehension due to decreased sensitivity for prosodic changes may persist in CI recipients. In addition, there was a limitation in perception of melodic contour change compared to pitch discrimination, which is related to speech prosody perception.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.258-267
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• 2014

Purpose: The current study was designed to investigate the relationship of dietary calcium and riboflavin and their main dietary source (milk and dairy products) with the risk of periodontitis using data from 2007 to 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Methods: A total of 1,690 adults aged ${\geq}40$ years were included. We used results of dental examination regarding all sextant information on probing depth of at least two index teeth, nutritional assessment by a single 24-hour dietary recall, and demographic and medical information. The periodontitis group was defined as those who had 3-4 points, and the normal group was defined as those who had 0 points of Community Periodontal Index at all locations of six examination sites using a probe. Results: Using multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for age, body mass index, energy intake, income, smoking, and alcohol drinking, we found an inverse relationship between consumption of dairy products and risk for periodontitis (OR: 0.465, 95% CI: 0.224-0.964) and between dietary riboflavin intake more than the estimated average requirements and risk for periodontitis (OR: 0.535, 95% CI: 0.300-0.954) in males. Conclusion: Adequate intake of milk dairy products and riboflavin may be recommended for prevention of periodontitis in the Korean male population.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2003

Background: Surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysm revealed high operative mortality. We reviewed our 11-years' experiences of abdominal aortic aneurysm operation and wish to obtain information on the treatment. Material and Method: From Jan. 1990 to Dec. 2000, 48 patients were operated due to abdominal aortic aneurysm in Yonsei Cardiovascular Center Mean age was $62.8{\pm}12.7$ and there were 40 males and 8 females. Among 48 patients, nine patients had ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, and mean aneurysm diameter of non-ruptured cases was $8.8{\pm}2.4$cm. Result: There were 6 early deaths, and early mortality was 12.5%. Among 9 patients of preoperative aneurysm rupture, three patients died (33.3%), and among 39 patients of non-ruptured cases, 3 patients died (7.7%). Among preoperative variables, age (p<0.05), preoperative BUN level (p<0.05), and DM (p<0.05) were risk factors of early mortality. Among discharged 42 patients, 40 patients were followed up (f/u rate=95.2%) and mean follow up was $3.6{\pm}0.2$ years. During follow up periods, five patients died (late mortality=11.9%), and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed $81.7{\pm}7.6$% survival rate at five and ten year. Linealized incidence of graft related event was 3.53% per patient-year. Conclusion: Surgical mortality of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm was higher than non-ruptured cases; therefore, early resection of the aneurysm can decrease the surgical mortality.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.818-831
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary behavior, health-related lifestyles and nutrient intake status of college students according to physical activity levels. The physical activity levels were measured using the Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form. The subjects of this study were 438 college students (243 males and 195 females) in Incheon area and were divided by gender and by physical activity levels, which included low, moderate and high physical activity groups. The average age of male and female students were 23.7 and 21.0 years old, respectively. The prevalence of the low physical activity group was 11.5% for males and 30.8% for females and that of the high physical activity group was 38.7% for males and 22.6% for females. According to the criteria for obesity in Asia-Pacific region, 39.1% of the males and 64.1% of the female students investigated were in the normal range of BMI and 30.9% of the males and 4.6% of the female students were in the obesity category. However, percent of body fat in the female students was significantly higher than that of the male students. The soft lean mass of the high physical activity group was higher compared to the other groups. In the low physical activity group, frequency of “eating out” was lower compared to the other groups. The average consumption of energy was 74.4% for males and 80.1% for females of the estimated energy requirement (EER). The mean intakes of vitamin C, vitamin B2, folic acid and Ca were 67.3%, 84%, 52.7% and 36.7% for males and 64.8%, 99.9%, 51.1% and 40.1% for females of recommended intake (RI), respectively. Therefore, it was necessary for obesity prevention as well as health promotion to increase physical activity and to eat an adequate, balanced diet in female college students.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2018

Studies on suspected endocrine disrupting pesticide (EDP) residues in agricultural products were carried out in 2016 in Busan, Korea. Twelve different EDPs, ranging in concentration between 0.003-2.049 mg/kg, were detected in 19.5% of 462 samples. About 0.2% of agricultural product samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Risk indices of all of the EDPs were less than 10% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The outcomes indicated that the risk groups at highest risk of exposure to diazinon (found in Korean cabbages) and carbendazim (found in apples) were females aged 40 to 49 and young males less than 10 years old, respectively. Based on the stochastic assessment at $95^{th}$ percentile (P95), risk index in these risk groups accounted for 8.38 and 2.98% of ADIs. The results showed that the occurrence of EDP residues in agricultural products could not be considered a public health problem.