• Title/Summary/Keyword: 화학섬유

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Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities of Microwave-assisted Thuja orientalis Extracts (마이크로웨이브를 이용한 측백나무 추출물의 항균 및 항바이러스 특성)

  • Sangwon Ko;Jae-Young Lee;Seong-Hyeon Kim;Young-Chul Lee
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.192-198
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    • 2023
  • In this study, the components of microwave-assisted extracts obtained from Thuja orientalis leaves were analyzed, and the cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antiviral activities were evaluated. The predominant components from microwave-assisted extraction were catechin, leucopelargonidin, arecatannin, quinolone, and kaempferol derivatives, which are classified in the flavonoid and tannin groups. We observed that the 0.11 mg/mL of extract concentration did not show cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. The antibacterial activities were tested according to the guidelines of methods for determining the bactericidal activity of antimicrobial agents. The extracts showed 99.9% antibacterial efficiency against gram-positive S. aureus, while the antibacterial effect on gram-negative E. coli was insignificant. When the extract concentration and contact time with bacteria were increased, 99.9% antibacterial efficiency was observed for E. coli as well as S. aureus. Following the standard to assess the activity of microbicides against viruses in suspension (ASTM-E1052-20), the antiviral efficiency was more than 99.99% for influenza A (H1N1) and SARS-CoV-2. These results suggest its potential use in antiviral disinfectants, surface coatings, personal protective equipment, and textiles.

Characterizing Compressive Strength Development in Cement Mortar Utilizing Red Mud Neutralized with Sulfuric Acid (황산 중화 레드머드를 사용한 시멘트 모르타르의 압축강도 발현특성)

  • Kang, Suk-Pyo;Hong, Seong-Uk;Kim, Sang-Jin;Park, Kyu-Eun
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.231-240
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    • 2023
  • In this research, our goal was to explore the potential use of cement mortar augmented with liquid red mud. To facilitate this, we neutralized liquid red mud(LR) - exhibiting a pH of 10-12 - using sulfuric acid to yield sulfuric acid neutralized red mud(SR). We then evaluated the flow, setting time, and compressive strength of the cement mortar combined with liquid red mud, while also performing a thorough examination of its chemical properties through X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The flow tests indicated a decrease in flow values for both MS-LR and MS-SR in comparison to the Plain. Analogously, the setting time for MS-LR and MS-SR was found to be abbreviated when juxtaposed with the Plain. With regards to compressive strength, MS-LR demonstrated a surge in strength at the 1-day mark, while MS-SR displayed a diminution at the 1-day and 3-day timepoints compared to the Plain. XRD analysis illustrated that after 28 days, the XRD patterns of Plain and MS-SR bore significant resemblance, though a new peak was detected in MS-LR. SEM imagery highlighted that the microstructures of Plain and MS-SR were alike, but MS-LR manifested a distinct microstructure, characterized by a finely fibrous formation. Based on these observations, we infer that the replacement of cement mortar with liquid red mud neutralized with sulfuric acid contributes to a noticeable enhancement in strength, thereby verifying its suitability for this application.

Characteristics of Mortar Mixed Nitric Acid Neutralized Red Mud by Cement Type (시멘트 종류별 질산 중화 레드머드 혼입 모르타르의 특성)

  • Kang, Suk-Pyo;Hong, Seong Uk;Kim, Sang-Jin;Hong, Seok-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.693-702
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    • 2023
  • This research explores the potential application of Liquid Red Mud(LRM), a byproduct of industrial processes, in the construction sector. We neutralized LRM(pH 10-12) using nitric acid, aiming to understand its viability in construction applications. The study involved substituting LRM(pH 7-8) in mortar formulations, varying by cement type. We assessed the properties of these mixtures by measuring flow, setting time, and compressive strength. Additionally, X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) analyses were conducted to examine the chemical properties. Results indicated a reduction in flow value for LRM and LN(neutralized LRM) compared to the control (Plain ) across different cement types. The setting times(initial and final) for LRM and LN were notably shorter than Plain. In compressive strength tests, LRM replaced with slag cement showed enhanced initial strength, though long-term strength gains were marginal across different cement types. SEM analysis revealed distinct voids in Plain and LN, with LRM exhibiting a fibrous microstructure. XRD patterns in SN(slag neutralized) resembled those in OR(original red mud) and ON(original neutralized), with a notable peak at a 2θ value of 22°. The study concludes that unneutralized LRM, when substituted for slag cement in mortar, yields superior initial strength compared to its neutralized counterpart.

Valproic Acid-induced PPAR-alpha and FGF21 Expression Involves Survival Response in Hepatocytes (Valproic acid에 의해 증가하는 PPAR-alpha 및 FGF21의 발현이 간세포 생존에 미치는 영향)

  • Bakhovuddin Azamov;Yeowon Kang;Chanhee Lee;Wan-Seog Shim;Kwang Min Lee;Parkyong Song
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.227-235
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    • 2024
  • Hepatocyte damage caused by medications or herbal products is one of the important problem when these compounds are chronically administrated. Thus, improving hepatocyte survival during treatment offers a wide range of opportunities. Valproic acid (VPA), a branched short-chain fatty acid derived from naturally occurring valeric acid, is commonly used to treat epilepsy and seizures. Although VPA exerts numerous effects in cancer, HIV therapy, and neurodegenerative disease, its effects on the liver and its mechanism of action have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that VPA caused moderate liver cell toxicity and apoptosis. Interestingly, VPA treatment increased transcription levels of PPAR alpha (PPAR-α) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in murine (Hepa1c1c7) hepatoma cells in a time and concentration dependent manner. VPA-induced FGF21 expression was significantly weaker under PPAR-α silencing condition than in cells transfected with non-targeting control siRNA. Subsequent experiments showed that cell viability was significantly lowered when the FGF21 signaling pathway was blocked by FGF receptor antagonist. Finally, we further determined that AMPK phosphorylation was not responsible for VPA-induced FGF21 expression and PPAR-a increments. These results indicate that increases of FGF21 expression alleviate VPA-induced hepatic toxicity, thereby making FGF21 a potential biomarker for predicting liver damage during VPA treatments.

Microbiological and Chemical Changes of Complete Feed during Spoilage (배합사료의 부패 동안 발생하는 미생물학적 및 영양학적 변화)

  • Yi, Kwonjung;Yeon, Jae-Sung;Kim, Juhyeon;Kim, Sam Churl;Moon, Hyung-In;Jeon, Che Ok;Lee, Sang Suk;Kim, Dong-Woon;Kim, Soo-Ki
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.25 no.10
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    • pp.1148-1155
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    • 2015
  • Commercial complete feeds contain enough nutrients to support animal growth and it is easy to be spoiled under proper temperature and humid conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate microbiological and chemical changes on complete feed for milking cow under open-air exposure with moisture 33% at 30℃ during 15 days. pH decreased 6.29 to 4.66 and water activity decreased gradually 0.99 to 0.95. Bacteria increased 6.2×106~1.6×107 to 2.1×109 CFU/g at 5 days and showed 108 CFU/g until 15 days. Fungi increased 103 CFU/g to 8.0×104 CFU/g. During the processing of spoilage, bacteria such as Acinetobacter oleivorans, Pediococcus acidilactici, Acinetobacter oleivorans, Weissella cibaria, and Methylobacterium komagatae were identified and fungi such as Fusarium sp. and Mucor sp. were also identified. Moisture content increased until 10 days (p<0.01). Crude protein was not changed so much whereas crude fat decreased 6.0% to 5.5% (p<0.01). Crude fiber and crude ash changed 2.0~ 3.0% and 4.5~ 4.8% levels with no significance, respectively. Gross energy was not almost changed at 4,400 kcal/g. During spoilage, lactate and propionate increased whereas acetate was not detected. Protease and lipase activities increased significantly during spoilage (p<0.01). Zearalenone content increased 59.2 μg/kg to 623.8 μg/kg, showing 10.5 times more production. During feed spoilage, pH decreased with microbial growth and various chemical changes were occurred.

Extraction of Liberated Reducing Sugars from Rapeseed Cake via Acid and Alkali Treatments (산 및 알칼리 처리에 의한 유채박의 유리당 추출)

  • Jeong, Han-Seob;Kim, Ho-Yong;Ahn, Sye-Hee;Oh, Sei-Chang;Yang, In;Choi, In-Gyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.11
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    • pp.1575-1581
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    • 2011
  • Rapeseed cake, which is the organic waste remaining after rapeseed oil production, is readily available and considered an ecologically-friendly resource with very low cost and high dietary fiber content. This research was carried out for two reasons. First, it was done to analyze the liberated reducing sugar content of rapeseed cake. Second, it was done to investigate the effects on the sugar yield of the various concentrations of acidic and alkaline catalysts used for the hydrolysis of rapeseed cake and the concentrations of rapeseed cake in each catalyst. Several amounts of ground rapeseed cake, 0.5 g, 1 g, and 2 g, were put into 100 mL of catalysts such as sulfuric acid (0.5~2%), hydrochloric acid (0.5~2%), and sodium hydroxide (0.5~2%). Then they were hydrolyzed for 5 min at 121$^{\circ}C$. After hydrolysis, HPLC equipped with an RI detector was used to analyze liberated reducing sugars such as sucrose, glucose, galactose, fructose, and arabinose separated from rapeseed cake. The degradation rate of rapeseed cake was the highest in hydrochloric acid. As the catalyst concentrations used for hydrolysis of rapeseed cake increased, the degradation rate of rapeseed cake also significantly increased. Total reducing sugar content was the highest in hydrochloric acid, and it increased with the increase of catalyst concentrations. However, as the amount of rapeseed cake increased, the total reducing sugar content decreased, exceptionally sucrose in the case of sodium hydroxide.

Human Lung Cancer Cell Xenografts Implanted under the Capsule of Kidney, Spleen and Liver (폐암 세포주를 사용한 신, 비장 및 간 피막하 분식법의 비교)

  • 김수현;김종인;이해영;조봉균;박성달;김송명
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.36 no.10
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    • pp.711-720
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    • 2003
  • Bakground : Complete resection by the surgery has been selected as the treatment of choice in lung cancer patients, but in cases of recurrence after excision or inoperable cases, the importance of anticancer chemotherapy has been emphasized. If one can select a set of the sensitive chemotherapeutic agents before anticancer chemotherapy, it will give more favourable results. Subrenal capsular assay has been recognized as a useful in-vivo chemosensitivity test of thoracic and abdominal tumors and it can be done in a short time for a rapid interpretation of tumor responsiveness to anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs. It has been reported that various kinds of cancer cells can be implantable to the kidney, but so far there is no comparative study of xenogeneic cell implantation on liver, spleen and kidney. The author implanted the human lung cancer cells under the capsule of S.D rat's liver, spleen and kidney respectively and compared the pattern of growth and histology. Material and Method: After incubation of human lung cancer cell line (SW-900 G IV) in RPMI 1640 (Leibovitz L-15 medium) culture media, 3${\times}$3${\times}$3 mm size fibrin clots which contain 108 cancer cells were made. Thereafter the fibrin clots were implanted at subcapsule area of liver, spleen and kidney of S.D. female rat. For immune suppression, cyclosporin-A (80 mg/Kg) was injected subcutaneously daily from post-implantation first day to sixth day. The body weight was measured at pre and post implantation periods. The growth pattern and the size of tumor mass were observed and the pathologic examination and serum tumor marker tests were performed. Result: Body weight increased in both of control and experimental groups. Serum Cyfra 21-1 was not detected. Serum levels of CEA and NSE revealed no significant change. The SCC-Ag increased significantly in implanted group. The growth rate of human lung cancer cells which was implanted on spleen was higher than on liver or kidney. The surface area, thickness, and volume of tumor mass were predominant at spleen. The success rates of implantation were 80% on kidney, 76.7% on spleen and 43.3% on liver. Pathologic examination of implanted tumors showed characteristic findings according to different organs. Tumors that were implanted on kidney grew in a round shape, small and regular pattern. In the spleen, tumors grew well and microscopic neovascularization and tumor thrombi were also found, but the growth pattern was irregular representing frequent daughter mass. Human lung cancer cells that were implanted in the liver, invaded to the liver parenchyme, and had low success rate of implantation. Microscopically, coagulation necrosis and myxoid fibrous lesion were observed. Conclusion: The success rate of implantation was highest in the kidney. And the mass revealed regular growth that could be measured easily. The SCC-Ag was presented earlier than CEA or Cyfra21-1. The Cyfra21-1 was not detected at early time after implantation. The best model for tumor implantation experiment for chemosensitivity test was subrenal capsular analysis than liver and spleen and the useful serum tumor marker in early period of implantation was the SCC-Ag.

Effect of Heat Treatments on the Chemical Compositions of Flesh in Chestnut Processing (밤 가공시(加工時) 열처리(熱處理) 방법(方法)이 과육성분(果肉成分)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Shin, Doo Ho;oh, Man Jin;Kim, Seung Yeol
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.117-125
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    • 1981
  • The changes in chemical compositions of chestnuts were tested during processing in order to elucidate the effects of heat treatments such as boiling, steaming and roasting on the flesh compositions. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The chemical compositions of raw chestnuts were: moisture, 59-61%; total sugar, 24-27%; crude fat, 0.3%; crude fiber, 0.6-0.9%; ash, 1.0%; amino nitrogen, 0.3%; vitamin C, 20-22 mg%; and tannin, 40-48%. 2. The moisture contents were increased to 63.8% by the boiling and to 70.27% by the peeling and boiling from 59.41% of raw ones respectively, whereas decreased to 54.11% by the roasting. 3. Contents of crude protein were decreased to 8.04% by the peeling and boiling procedure from 8.72% of raw ones, and those of amino nitrogen also revealed a decreasing tendency by the heat treatments. However, no significant change was observed in crude fat content. 4. Total sugar contents were decreased by the peeling and boiling procedure approximately 3.0%, whereas reducing sugars were increased 2 to 3 times in the all treatments. 5. Vitamin C contents were decreased 72.0 to 78.0 % by the boiling procedure, 64.2% by the steaming, 51. 6% by the roasting as compared with the raw ones. Tannin contents were increased 11.0% by the boiling, and 46.0% by the roasting respectively, whereas decreased 22.0% by the peeling and boiling procedure. 6. The color was changed to brown with different degree, during the boiling, steaming and roasting procedure. The 0.1% solution of alum appeared to be effective in reducing the browning reaction during the heat treatments.

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Chemical Composition of Prunus mume Flower Varieties and Drying Method (매화의 품종과 건조방법에 따른 화학성분 조성)

  • Kim Yong-Doo;Jeong Myung-Hwa;Koo I-Ran;Cho In-Kyung;Kwak Sang-Ho;Kim Bo-Eun;Kim Ki-Man
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.186-191
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    • 2006
  • Prunus mume is extensively cultivated as a fruit and medicinal plant in Korea. Recently, prunus mume has a pressing problem with an increase of prunus mume cultivation area in southern part in Korea. Chemical properties of prunus mume flower to determine the optimum processing varieties for tea were investigated. Three kinds of samples treated with fresh, freeze dry and shade dry were used. The content of moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and nitrogen free extract of prunus mume flower varieties were to $82{\sim}85%,\;0.2{\sim}0.6%,\;2.5{\sim}3.1%,\;2.5{\sim}3.1%,\;0.6{\sim}0.8%\;and\;10{\sim}11%$ respectively. The main component of free sugars in prunus mume flower was glucose and those of organic acids were citric and malic acids. 17 kinds of amino acids were determined from prunus mume flower. The total amino acid contents of Cheongchuk, Baeagaha and Goseong were 760.47 mg%, 624.01 mg% and 807.41 mg%, respectively. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine were the major component in 3 cultivars. The content of K was much higher than Ca, Mg, Na, fe and Zn. The major fatty acids of prunus mume flower were myristic acid, palmitoleic acid me oleic acid. As a result of analysis, there were no significant differences among the three cultivars of prunus mume flower and drying method.

Cell-type Specific Activation of MAPKs in the Progression of Gastric Ulcer in Rats (위궤양의 진행에 있어 MAPKs의 세포특이적 활성)

  • Yu, Ri;Kwon, Young Sam;Oh, Tae-Ho;Kim, Tae-Hwan;Park, Sang-Joon
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.339-345
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    • 2013
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of central signaling molecules that respond to numerous stimuli and are known to participate in processes of cell survival and death. However, it is not clear on data for cell-type specific activation of MAPKs in the progression of gastric ulcer. In the present study, we assessed how MAPKs localized at various cell types during the progression of gastric ulcer induced by ibuprofen. Gastric ulcer was induced by the repeated treatment of 200 mg/kg ibuprofen with 8 hrs interval in a day. Animals were sacrificed at 24 hrs, 48 hrs, and 72 hrs after oral treatment of ibuprofen and gastric tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical and immunoblotting evaluation. Immunoreactivity of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) was mainly expressed at the proliferating zone of gastric mucosa in control rats. But, these signals for p-ERK were highly shifted from cells of proliferating zone to parietal cells of the basal regions 24 hrs after treatment of ibuprofen. p-ERK signal was strongly expressed in epithelial cells adjacent to ulcer margin and new capillary and infiltrated inflammatory cells within granulation tissue of the ulcer base above 48 hrs after treatment of ibuprofen. While, phospho-c-Jun $NH_2$ terminal kinase (p-JNK) was mainly localized to the nuclei of the surface epithelial cells and the glandular epithelial cells in early gastric injury. Also, p-JNK was often observed as a scattered pattern in different regions of gastric mucosa with early gastric injury. Gradually, signal of p-JNK was strongly stained in infiltrated inflammatory cells and fibroblasts within severe ulcer base. Phospho-p38 (p-p38) MAPK was observed as scattered pattern within connective tissues of gastric mucosa. Especially, p-p38 MAPK showed strong signal in infiltrated macrophages within ulcer base. These results show that each MAPK has a specific role in various cell types during the progression of gastric ulcer.