• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2011

This review describes several kinds of emulsification methods for nanoemulsions and the application of nanoemulsions. Nanoemulsion droplet sizes fall typically in the range of 20 ~200 nm and show narrow size distributions. Although most of the publications on either oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) nanoemulsions have reported their formation by dispersion or high-energy emulsification methods, an increased interest is observed in the study of nano-emulsion formation by condensation or low-energy emulsification methods based on the phase transitions that take place during the emulsification process. Phase behaviour studies have shown that the size of the droplets is governed by the surfactant phase structure (bicontinuous microemulsion or lamellar) at the inversion point induced by either temperature or composition. Studies on nanoemulsion formation by the phase inversion temperature (PIT) method have shown a relation between minimum droplet size and complete solubilization of the oil in a microemulsion bicontinuous phase independently of whether the initial phase equilibrium is single or multiphase. Due to their small droplet size nanoemulsions possess stability against sedimentation or creaming with Ostwald ripening forming the main mechanism of nanoemulsion breakdown. An application of nanoemulsions is the preparation of nanoparticles using a polymerizable monomer as the disperse phase where nanoemulsion droplets act as nanoreactors, cosmetics and controlled drug delivery. In this review, we mainly focus on the cosmetics.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.145-153
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• 2020

With the spread of the Korean Wave culture, the importance of the effects of Korean Wave contents and the direct and indirect effects on product purchase is increasing. In the early days, the Korean Wave started around K-Pop and K-Dramas, but now its scope has been expanded to include various contents. In the case of Vietnam, interest in K-Sports has recently increased, and the influence of K-SNS is also increasing. Accordingly, in this study, a research model was established and tested to investigate the relationship between product image and attitude toward Korean cosmetics, and purchase intention for Korean cosmetics consumers in Vietnam. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, among the four factors of Korean Wave contents, K-Pop, K-Drama, and K-SNS had a positive effect on product image, while K-Sports was found to have no significant effect. Second, it was confirmed that the product image of Korean cosmetics has a positive effect on product attitude, and the product attitude has a positive effect on purchase intention. Therefore, in the Vietnamese cosmetics market, it is suggested that focusing on the product image focusing on Korean Wave contents, and promoting activities can achieve effective results for the purchase intention of Vietnamese consumers.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2023

Recently, along with the remarkable increase in interest in microbiome cosmetics, the application of microbiome extracts in the complex efficacy as anti-aging, brightening etc. has become very important. In this study, Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum), which has excellent anti-wrinkle efficacy among the microbiome, was selected through an in vitro test using cells and 3D human skin equivalents. And the anti-wrinkle efficacy of cosmetics containing B. bifidum was evaluated by clinical test. Thereafter, the cytotoxicity, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle efficacy of the of the bifida fermented filtrate were tested. An emulsion containing bifida fermented filtrate at a concentration of 5% (v/v) with no cytotoxicity and excellent efficacy was prepared with the placebo emulsion. The clinical test was conducted on a total of 21 women at 2 weeks comparing the bifida emulsion and placebo emulsion. Wrinkles around the eyes were instrumentally evaluated using Antera 3D. The wrinkle reduction rate of the Bifida emulsion group compared with the placebo emulsion group differed by 5.6%. Overall, the selection of microbiome using 3D human skin equivalents and the efficacy study of cosmetics with the microbiome extracts would be actively studied to the development of microbiome cosmetics and skin microbiome mechanisms.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2024

Cosmetic preservatives are an important class of ingredients in terms of ensuring sustainable use and providing customer satisfaction. Recently, a great deal of interest has been drawn to the production and use of toxic-free, naturally derived preservatives. In this work, a new naturally derived preservative (laurimino bispropanediol, LB) was developed to replace the most widely used diol preservatives, such as 1,2-hexanediol or 1,2-octanediol. The basic properties of the obtained preservative were measured, and the solution behavior of the preservative in an aqueous medium was examined. The feasibility of micelle formation in the preservative solution was investigated using the fluorescence (FL) based pyrene method. Micelle formation was feasible owing to the relatively long hydrophobic chains and increased hydroxyl groups in the preservative molecules. The emulsification capability of the preservative was assessed using the Rosano and Kimura method, showing that the preservative possessed emulsifying capability in an organic solvent (benzene) and soy bean oil. In addition, the dispersion stability of cosmetic formulations, including the new LB preservatives such as essence and lotion, was demonstrated by comparing the light transmittance of the formulations. This article provides important information for future research regarding the synthesis and practical applications of new toxic-free naturally derived preservatives.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.12 no.6 s.105
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• pp.31-39
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• 1991

소득의 증가로 생활수준이 향상됨에 따라 건강에 대한 소비자의 관심이 그 어느때 보다 고조되고 있다. 농산물(식품)중에 잔류하는 미량의 농약성분, 특히 발암위해성과 관련이 있는 농약성분의 잔류분에 대한 안전성 평가에 많은 관심이 모아지고 있는 것은 우리나라 뿐만 아니라 전세계적인 추세이다. 특히 미국에서는 관련법규(연방살충$\cdot$살균$\cdot$살서제법과 연방식품$\cdot$의약품$\cdot$화장품법)의 내용과 해석 차이로 US/EPA가 농약의 효율적인 관리를 위한 법률적용에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 현재도 관련법규나 제도를 계속 보완$\cdot$개정하려는 법안이 국회에 계류되어 심의중에 있다. 여기에 소개하는 내용은 US/EPA가 세계농약공업연맹(GIFAP)에 서신으로 보낸 ''델라네이 역설''(Delaney Paradox addressed by US EPA : GIFAP Bulletin Vol. 15(1). 1989)에 관한 것이다.

• 프린팅코리아
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.66-69
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• 2009

과거에 인쇄공정에서 큰 의미를 부여하지 않았던 패키지 부문이 빠르게 변화, 발전하고 있다. 이전에는 제품의 보관, 파손 방지 등의 기본적인 기능을 수행하는 것으로 충분했지만 최근 들어 회사 전체의 마케팅 차원에서 함께 논의되는 것이 보편화되고 있는데 따른 것이다. 이는 제과업계, 화장품업계에서는 예술 작품을 패키지인쇄에 적용하는 사례가 늘어나고 있는 것으로 표출되고 있다. 경우에 따라서는 수십 년간 관행적으로 사용해온 패키지에 사용해 오던 종이를 전체적인 제품의 컨셉 및 마케팅방향에 맞춰 파격적으로 바꾸는 경우도 있는 것으로 알려졌다. 이런 현상은 예술작품을 이용한 패키지 디자인이 널리 알려진 예술작품으로 소비자들이 관심을 쉽게 끌 수 있을 뿐 아니라 제품에 대한 호감을 갖도록 하는 이점을 갖고 있기 때문이다. 앞으로도 예술작품을 패키지를 통해 볼 수 있다는 흥미도 있기 때문에 앞으로도 패키지인쇄에 대한 관심과 변화는 지속될 것으로 예상된다. 다양한 모습으로 변화하고 있는 패키지인쇄와 그 방향을 각 업체별로 살펴본다.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.22-36
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of expected values for appearance management on interest in make-up and cosmetics evaluation criteria. Questionnaires are being administered to 244 college students from the Deagu Metropolitan City and Kyungbook province. The frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and t-test are used for data analysis. Expected values of appearance management are categorized into pleasure/satisfaction, other-expectancy, power value and conformity. Interest in make-up factors are found to be leadership in make-up, others-oriented, and appearance satisfactions. Cosmetics evaluation criteria are categorized into 4 factors such as skin suitability, pursuit of utility, non-essential attributes and symbolism. Pleasure/satisfaction, and conformity are the sub-variables of expected values for appearance management and have significant effects on leadership in make-up and others-oriented sub-variables for interest in make-up. Pleasure/satisfaction, and conformity, being the sub-variables of expected values for appearance management, have significant effects on skin suitability, the sub-variables of cosmetics evaluation criteria. And conformity has significant effects on symbolism, the sub-variables of cosmetics evaluation criteria. This indicates that women show high conformity for expected values of appearance management, leadership in make-up and others-oriented sub-variables for interest in make-up, and skin suitability of cosmetics evaluation criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.6 s.115
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• pp.160-171
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• 2007

This research studied men's cosmetics purchasing behavior based on the level of interest one has in one's appearance, the country of origin, and the sales promotion of the cosmetics. The study was conducted by experimental $2{\times}[2{\times}2]$ design by combining the 3 variables mentioned above. The Independent variables in this research were levels of appearance interest(high vs. low), the country of origin(Korean vs. foreign), and types of sales promotion(discount vs. coupon). The dependent variables were the purchase behaviors including favor to cosmetics and purchase intent. Two hundred male consumers participated for the study. Data analysis conducted were factor analysis, cluster analysis and ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. Male consumers' cosmetics favorness: 3-way significant interaction, in appearance interest, the country of origin, and types of sales promotion, was found for favor to male cosmetics. When male subjects were provided with price discounts and skin care coupons for the Korean cosmetics, they didn't reveal significant differences in favor, regardless of the level of appearance interest. However, for the imported cosmetics, male subjects with high appearance interest showed more favor to the cosmetics than the ones with low appearance interest. 2. Male consumers' purchase intent: 3-way significant interaction, in appearance interest, the country of origin, and types of sales promotion was found for the purchase intent. When male subjects were provided with price discounts and skin care coupons for the Korean cosmetics, they didn't show significant difference in purchase intent, regardless of their appearance interest. However, for the imported cosmetics, male consumers with high appearance interest reported more purchase intent than the ones with low appearance interest.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.236-250
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• 2016

This study was conducted to provide baseline data regarding functional cosmetics so that Inula. based cosmetics can increase its competitiveness in the market as well as to understand current trends to enable anticipation of demands for future product development. For this research, general consumers over the age of 20 residing in Seoul and the Gyeonggi district were surveyed. The results show consumers preferred serum-type products among various types of cosmetics, and that they purchased these once every 1-3 months. Consumers also preferred these products in less than 10-30ml capacity, and at costs of less than 30,000-50,000 KRW. For whitening, functional cosmetics consumers also preferred the serum type, in less than 30-50ml capacity and priced less than 30,000-50,000 KRW. Consumers preferred to purchase functional cosmetics in single units. The major purchasing location, with a high preference rate, was cosmetic stores, and the major sources of information, also with high preference rates, were 'experienced reviews from family, friends and acquaintances' and 'TV advertisements'. Respondents selected 'over 50,000 KRW' the most for all items when responding to 'Purchase Intent for Functional Cosmetics containing Inula', and responded that they were willing to pay 10%-30% more for functional cosmetics containing Inula compared to standard functional cosmetics. These results show that businesses in the cosmetics industry need to take consumer demand into account when developing new functional cosmetic products, as well as establish plans to create specialized spaces that provide better quality service and increase word of mouth effect through better utilization of various types of offline media, social media, and blogs. The study also shows a need for businesses to develop products fully utilizing the Inula flower, which has been shown to be effective as a natural skin whitener, wrinkle reducer and skin moisturizer, to appeal to the increasing number of customers interested in health and beauty.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.91-108
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• 2002

Whitening agents are eagerly demanded especially by oriental women who often suffers from the pigmentary disorders such as melasma and solar lentigines. As these pigmentary disorders are exacerbated by ultraviolet (UV), the whitening agents could exert its effect not only by inhibiting melanin synthesis but also by inhibiting UV activated signals. Eumelanin protects UV-induced DNA damages so that the chemicals which could reduce UV-induced DNA damages might be the ideal lightening agents. The effect of newly synthesized antioxidants, a-tocopheryl ferulate, on protective effect for UV-induced DNA damages as well as inhibiting melanin synthesis are briefly shown. For clinical evaluation, our results of the efficacy of lightening agents on treating pigment macules in combination with chemical peeling are shown. Furthermore, newly developed facial image analyzers to quantitatively evaluate the improvement of pigment macules are introduced.