• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.292-295
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• 2005

Synthesis of methyl 3-methyloctanoate, a perfume component isolated from African orchid Aerangis confusa (or Aerangis kirkii) was achieved starting from itaconic acid in 9 steps. Itaconic acid is one of the cheapest organic compounds which is the fermentation product of microorganism Asp. terreus. As the key intermediate, 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol 4-acetate was obtained through the enzymatic regioselective hydrolysis of 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol diacetate with lipase. After Grignard reaction and oxidation, 3-methyloctanoic acid was obtained and converted to the various corresponding scented esters with a variety of alkyl alcohols, and the resulting fragrancy esters are expected to be utilized as the aroma additive materials in cosmetics, drinks and foods.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.415-418
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• 2008

에탄올아민 (ETA; Ethanolamine)은 에틸렌옥시드를 진한 암모니아수와 함께 가열하여 얻어지는 물질로 흡수성이 있는 무색의 액체 또는 고체이며 탄소, 질소, 산소로 이루어진 매우 안정된 유기화합물이다. 이러한 ETA는 부식방지제, 산성가스 흡수제, 화장품 등 각종 산업에서 매우 유용하게 사용되는 물질이다. 하지만 ETA는 눈, 피부, 호흡기, 폐 등에 접촉하여 호흡기 질환 및 만성 천식을 유발하고 피부에 자극을 일으키므로 ETA를 제거하기 위한 물리화학적 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 냉각온도 및 진공펌프압력에 따른 ETA 응축 특성과, 흡착제에 따른 ETA 흡착특성을 조사하였다. 조사결과 ETA는 냉각수의 온도 및 진공펌프압력에 영향을 받았으며 냉각수 온도 및 진공펌프압력이 증가할수록 응축율은 감소하였다. ETA 흡착에서 활성탄의 경우 액상의 ETA와 상호간에 흡착력은 존재하지 않았으며, 기상의 ETA는 흡착되지만, $100^{\circ}C$이상에서 탈착 반응이 일어났다. 제올라이트의 경우 액상 및 기상의 ETA를 모두 흡착하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.313-315
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• 2019

A new synthetic method for N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), which is widely used in fine chemical and cosmetic industries, was developed. In a conventional synthesis, NHS is obtained by reacting $NH_2OH$ with succinic anhydride in a yield of about 70% using strong acid as a catalyst, which has an advantage of obtaining NHS relatively easily. However, it is expensive because of using a high cost succinic anhydride. In order to overcome this issue, we developed a new synthetic method for NHS with a moderate yield of 80% using a low cost succinic acid instead of succinic anhydride, alongside a stable Lewis acid catalyst, Zn acetate. As a result of the economic evaluation, it was confirmed that the cost reduction effect was about 15%.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.189-203
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• 2019

In recent years, most companies are making strategic strides to respond to changes in the competitive landscape. This trend is proceeding independently from industry to industry, and the Chinese cosmetics industry, which is at its peak, is no exception. In the meantime, the question of whether the concept of strategy group and related theories are suitable for advanced markets and whether they are applicable to emerging markets such as China is an interesting subject of inquiry. The purpose of this study is to classify strategic groups based on the cognitive approach of CEO's in the Chinese cosmetics industry. Some of the existing studies on strategic groups have raised limitations on the theoretical validity of the classification and criteria of strategic groups. However, since the concept of the strategic group becomes a middle level analysis unit between the enterprise and the industry, applying this concept to the Chinese cosmetic industry will help identify the strategic group existing in the industry and grasp the composition of the entire industry.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.617-623
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the consumers' purchasing behaviors of budget-priced cosmetics. Questionnaires used for this study were composed of 44 questions including 9 questions about budget-priced cosmetic purchasing behavior, 15 questions about satisfaction, 15 questions about repeat purchasing intention, 1 question about the reason of satisfaction or dissatisfaction, and four questions about demographic variables. Questionnaires were administrated to 317 people who were Daegu & Kyungpook region residents and had shopping experience on budget-priced cosmetics during 2 weeks from March 2005. Respondents' age was limited from 20 to 40. Data were analyzed by using correlation, crosstabulation analysis, and frequency analysis utilizing SPSS/WIN. The results were as follows. Consumers went to budget-priced cosmetics' shops 'for low price', 'for trial' and 'for curiosity'. The best purchased products among the budget-priced cosmetics were basic cosmetics, and the second purchased products were make-up cosmetics. 41.4% of the whole respondents answered that they spent 5,000~10,000won per one time visit, and 65% of those answered they visited once or twice per a year and once per two or three months. In this study a level of satisfaction for the entire products, consumers neither unsatisfied nor fully satisfied. For the question of the intention to repurchase for the budget-priced cosmetics, the respondents answered that they will not positively purchase again. A level of satisfaction and the intention to repurchase had positive correlations. The reason which consumers satisfied with the products was chiefly related to price and that which consumers unsatisfied the products was related to products themselves.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.624-632
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the consumers' purchasing behavior of budget-priced cosmetics according to the shopping orientation. Questionnaires used for this study were composed of 57 questions including 21 questions about cosmetic shopping orientation, 32 questions about budget-priced cosmetic purchasing behavior and four questions about demographic variables. Questionnaires were administrated to 20 to 49 aged 317 women who have shopping experience on budget-priced cosmetics. Data were analyzed by using factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, ${\chi}^2$-test, correlation, crosstabulation analysis, and scheffe test utilizing SPSS/WIN. The results were as follows. First, shopping orientation of cosmetics were classified into 5 factors: 'interest and impulsive purchasing tendency', 'price-oriented purchasing tendency', 'ration-oriented purchasing tendency', 'famous brand-oriented purchasing tendency' and 'brand royalty- oriented purchasing tendency'. According to the shopping orientation of cosmetics, the respondents were classified into 4 groups: 'passive shopping group', 'rational shopping group', 'active shopping group', 'neutral shopping group'. Second, when comparing each group's purchasing behavior of budget-priced cosmetics with shopping orientation of cosmetics, there was not significant difference in one time purchasing cost and the number of shop visits. In case of demographic variables concerning purchasing behavior of budget-priced cosmetics, there was significant differences in one time purchasing cost according to age, level of education and employment status. The number of shop visits had also difference according to age, level of education and monthly family income. Based on these results, marketing strategies for demographic characteristics of target market rather than the shopping orientation are needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.714-719
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• 2017

The controlled synthesis of inorganic materials with a specific size and morphology is an important factor in the development of new materials in many fields, such as nanoparticles, medicine, electronics, semiconductors, pharmaceutical sand cosmetics. Solution crystallization is one of the most widely used separation processes in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Calcium carbonate has attracted a great deal of attention in industry because of its numerous applications. The mean crystal size, crystal size distribution and morphology are important factors in the continuous crystallization process. In this study, the continuous crystallization of calcium carbonate by the calcium chloride process was investigated. The mean crystal size and crystal size distribution data were obtained by a particle size analyzer. The morphological imaging of the crystalswasper formed by SEM. Under steady state operation, the mean crystal size change was small, but increasing the input concentration and mixing rate increased the crystal size. In this operation, some aragonite was found, but the main crystal phase was calcite.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.147-148
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• 2003

최근 새로운 바다 자원으로서 “해양 심층수”가 주목받고 있다. 해양 심층수(深層水, deep sea water)는 태양광이 도달하지 않는 수심 200 m 이상 깊이의 물로 수온이 2$^{\circ}C$ 이하로 연중 거의 변화가 없는 저온안정성과 무기 영양염을 다량 포함하는 특징이 있어 심층수의 활용도는 매우 높다. NaCl만 제거하면 훌릉한 생수가 되기 때문에 심층수를 원료로 한 식품, 화장품, 의약품 개발에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 미국, 일본 등지에서는 10여년전부터 심층수를 이용한 에너지, 수자원, 생수 및 식품 산업이 활발히 진행되어졌다. 현재 식품 산업분야로는 두부제조, 빵, 청주, 간장, 된장 등의 발효식품에 대한 연구가 진행되어지고 있다. 심층수를 적당하게 첨가하면 알코올 농도가 높아지는 발효강화작용이 있다. 새로운 건강 먹거리를 갈망하는 현대인들에게 해양 심층수를 이용한 발효식품은 매우 환영받을 것으로 사료된다. 이에 본 연구는 해양 심층수의 다양한 자원성을 효율적으로 활용하기 위해 심층수의 청정성과 풍부한 미네랄을 함유한 심층수의 농도에 따른 효모의 증식도를 알아봄으로서 적응력 강한 효모를 조사하였다. 실험에 사용한 해양 심층수는 淸凉飮料水(日本ナチュラルヘルス株式會社, 深透水 1550) 사용하였다. 효모균주는 경북과학대 전통식품 연구소에서 보유하고 있는 9종의 효모를 사용하였으며, 심층수 경도 250, 500, 1000의 심층수와 1차 증류수(대조군)에 sucrose 10% 첨가한 당용액을 사용하였다. 또한 당의 적응력을 알아보기 위해 sucrose 10, 15, 20% 첨가 당용액을 사용하여 Sacch.cerevisiae kluyvery DJ97 효모의 증식도를 알아보았다. 그 결과, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 12호 균주가 심층수 경도 500인 시험군에서 증식력이 높았으며, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 901 균주는 경도 1000인 시험군이 대조군에 비해 증식력이 높게 나타나 효모균주의 종류와 심층수의 첨가량에 따라 적응력이 차이가 있었다. 당농도와 심층수 첨가량에 따른 효모 균주의 발효력을 알아본 결과 심층수 경도 200의 당 10% 첨가군에서 가장 잘 증식하는 것으로 나타나, 알코을 효모균주의 발효력을 높이는데는 최적의 농도가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 심층수를 이용한 다양한 발효식품에 대한 연구가 요구되어진다.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2010

Cosmetics retailers would benefit from studies that examine which shopping-mall attributes can be manipulated to favorably affect consumer satisfaction and revisit intention at Internet. The purposes of this study were (1) to examine the dimensionality of shopping-mall attribute for cosmetics retailers, (2) to determine which dimensions of shopping-mall attribute were significant predictors of consumer satisfaction and revisit intention and (3) to find out the moderating effect of consumer satisfaction through shopping-mall attributes on revisit intention to buy cosmetics across the types of shopping-mall at Internet (i.e., total mall and specialty mall). Data were collected from 209 online cosmetic shoppers among high school girls. Factor analysis identified five dimensions of shopping-mall attributes at Internet, such as Convenience, Price, Loading speed, Sales promotion, and Service. Only two dimensions(i.e., convenience and service) were significant predictors of online shopper satisfaction in both total mall and specialty mall. The moderating effect of consumer satisfaction on revisit intention was significant in both two mall types at Internet. For total mall, price was a significant predictor through consumer satisfaction on revisit intention, while loading speed was a significant predictor directly on revisit intention for specialty mall. In light of the major findings, this study sets forth strategic implications for consumer satisfaction and revisit intention to buy cosmetics in the setting of electronic commerce.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.704-712
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• 2013

Contemporary young men are consumption-oriented, pursue ideal male images displayed in commercials, and are highly interested in fashion, beauty, and appearance. This metrosexual tendency(which values appearance) is largely influenced by mass media. This study examines how men's media information utilization influences appearance awareness and metrosexual tendency as well as how these two variables influence cosmetics consumption and fashion product consumption behavior. The results are as follows. First, metrosexual tendency consists of four dimensions: fashion involvement, pursuit of individuality beyond sexuality, cognition of fashion taste, and preference of a high quality product. The sum of variance is 65.594%. Second, media information utilization influenced metrosexual tendency and metrosexual tendency influence cosmetic consumption, brand-sensitive consumption and commercial-sensitive consumption; however, it did not affect price-sensitive consumption. Third, media information utilization affected appearance awareness; however, appearance awareness did not affect metrosexual tendency. In conclusion, appearance management behavior for men in their 20s is clearly affected by media. This phenomenon is caused by the metrosexual desire to express identity through fashion. Men in their 20's do not take care of their looks because of the social perception of appearance (as related to showing off their competence or pursuit of social success); rather, they have a desire to express their individuality and personally enjoy grooming and maintaining their appearance. Therefore, we can expect increased beauty and fashion expenditures.