• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.72-83
• /
• 2010

This study aims to analyze the types of arrows used on the inscriptions in the light unit of 7th grade science textbooks, and to investigate middle students' conceptions on the meaning of the arrows. The types of arrows in 9 science textbooks were analyzed. Based on this analysis, the instrument was developed to access how 7th graders perceive the meaning of arrows. In addition, we interviewed 7th graders, 2 students in high level, 2 in the middle, and 2 in low level by their achievement level, to investigate their perceptions on the meaning of the arrows. We analyzed 4 types of arrow by the process in which the reflected light from the object come into one's eyes. Students tend to perceive the meaning of the solid line and the dotted line of arrows differently according to their achievement level. When the light pathway is represented in which the reflected or refracted light enter into our eyes, it is necessary to describe and teach clearly both the meaning of solid line as the light from the object and the meaning of dotted line as the perception of the existence of the object.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2011

After heated discussion, National Police Agency decided not to install Red Arrow signal at such major intersections as Gwanghwamoon, Sejongro. The major issues can be summarized in the following reasons. The one is the conflict of color and symbol (red means STOP and arrow means PROGRESS), and it would confuse drivers and may cause traffic accident. The other includes high replacement cost. This paper delivered how much red arrow signal would affect (1) drivers start up delay time, (2) saturation flow rate and (3) vehicle headway. The result showed that there was no statistical difference in those even when a red arrow signal is placed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.211-225
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze pre-service teachers' eye-movement in science textbooks in the learning process, whether they perceived "arrow" presented in textbooks, and changes in eye-movement by arrows. For the study, an eye-tracker, a eye-movement tracking device, was used, and 10 pre-service teachers attending a teacher training college were selected and conducted. The science textbook unit used in the research was the "Weather and Our Life" unit, one of the areas of earth science. As a result of the study, first, it was investigated that pre-service teachers devote more time to texts rather than illustrations in the learning process of science textbooks. Second, it was analyzed that pre-service teachers did not pay attention to the "arrow" presented in science textbooks. Third, it was confirmed that in order for "affordance of the eye-movement by arrow" to occur, sufficient concentration on "arrow" should be made. These findings suggest the importance of the learner's visual attention to learning elements in science textbooks such as "arrow". In addition, it suggests the importance of developing a textbook editing design that can induce visual attention to learning elements in textbooks through eye-movement research data for effective learning.

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
• /
• s.170
• /
• pp.21-21
• /
• 1995

누구나가 다 쓰고 있는 신기할 것도 없는 일상의 말들을 갈고 닦고 때로는 뿌리를 캐고 그 줄기를 가려내 새로운 역사를 찾아가는 작은 통로의 화살표로 삼으려는 이 책은 꿈꾸지 않는 말, 굳어가는 말들을 위한 제사이자 축문이다. 그것은 새롭게 태어나는 말들의 씨앗을 우주에 뿌리는 행위이다.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.04a
• /
• pp.25-25
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 에너지와 물질 순환을 주제로 한 대학생들의 집단적 과제 수행 상황에서 구성원들의 상호작용 기능과 요소에 따른 역할 분배의 양상을 밝히고자 하였다. 집단 내 구성원에게 개별적인 역할이 주어져 있지 않은 상태에서 과제가 부여되었을 때, 집단 내에서 자연스럽게 형성되는 역할의 종류를 상호작용 기능과 양상에 따라 유형화해보았다. 연구 참여자는 9명의 환경 교육 전공 대학생으로, 2008년 11월에 열린 한중일 환경교육 캠프에 참여한 한국 학생들이다. 캠프 활동 중 하나로 충남 홍성 문당리 환경농업마을의 에너지와 물질 순환에 대해 토의하고 그 결과를 그림으로 표현하여 발표하는 활동이 있었는데, 본 연구에서는 발표를 위해 준비하는 과정을 연구 맥락으로 하였다. 그리고 약 2시간에 걸친 과제 수행 과정을 촬영 후 전사하여 연구 자료로 삼았다. 관련 선행 연구 고찰과 연구 자료에의 적용 및 수정을 통해 상호작용 기능과 요소를 코딩하기 위한 분석틀을 마련하였으며, 문제가 제기되고 그 문제에 대한 합의가 이루어지는 대화를 분석의 단위로 정하였다. 대화 단위별로 구성원 간 말차례가 오고간 모습을 화살표로 도식화하여 대화 패턴을 분류하였으며, 대화를 말차례별로 상호작용 기능과 요소에 따라 코딩화하였다. 화살표로 도식화된 대화 패턴과 상호작용 코딩 결과에 따라 집단 내에서 자발적으로 형성되는 구성원의 역할을 분류하고 명명하였다. 이렇게 집단적 과제 수행 상황에서 학생들에 의해 자생되는 역할을 상호작용의 관점에서 유형화해봄으로써 협동 학습이나 토의 활동 등 집단적 상호작용을 통한 과제 수행에 있어서 학생이나 교사의 역할에 대해 시사점을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.296-301
• /
• 2020

Three types of traffic signal systems are two-color signal systems that flash red and green and are mainly used on crosswalks, next, three-color equalization systems mainly used at T-shaped intersections with red and yellow lights and a green arrow, and third, four-color intersections that generally have red, yellow and green colored lights and a green arrow. In what is known as the "dilemma zone" area, a driver collects information that influences his/her decision whether to stop, speed, tail, interrupt, or violate a traffic light, depending on the intersection width, vehicle speed, cognitive response time and reference yellow signal time. This study examined the impact of changes in the length of the dilemma zone areas based on changes in yellow signal times, the speed of the intersection passages, and signal lamps. Downward adjustments of 50km/h and 60km/h affected yellow signal time. The yellow signal time increased by 0.1 to 2.3[s] due to this effect and the dilemma zone area increased by 1.22 to 26[m]. The driver of the dilemma zone could quickly decide to reduce the time remaining of the straight (3color, 4color) green signal to reduce the potential of a traffic accident at the intersection traffic. Safe entry of red (LED palm) and left-turn signals for entering flashed at the intersection and operated at midnight.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2003

At public spaces, signs have purposes of communicating their information clearly. Especially directional signs point out the proper route showing our surroundings. The present directional signs which are indicating 3-dimensional direction in a 2-dimensional mode seem to be difficult to understand as we are moving. This study has the purpose of investigating the role of present signs and suggesting visually effective directional signs, in particular arrows. Firstly, this study surveyed the user's attitude on directional signs in case of subway station. The research shows that the present directional signs hardly perform their roles to communicate the directional information, which means the need of newly expressed arrows. In this study we consider a new effective expression on the viewpoint of human cognition mechanism. So it is thought that those trials are helpful to efficient sign system.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.1019-1028
• /
• 2021

Emergency exit guidance lights were designed and manufactured to quickly determine the location of the emergency exit in the event of a fire using a gas sensor, an illumination sensor, a temperature sensor, an Arduino Uno, and a Bluetooth module. This research was designed such that, when a fire breaks out, a red arrow appears as the illuminance value is low and a green arrow as the illuminance value is high to improve visibility when detecting high temperature and smoke. In addition, it is designed to prevent more serious conflagration by applying an alarm sound and text transmission algorithm using a communication module to transmit text messages indicating a 174Hz alarm sound and a fire location to prevent more serious conflagration.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.619-627
• /
• 2014

Distances or dissimilarities among units are assumed to be symmetric in most cases of multidimensional scaling(MDS); consequently, it is not an easy task to deal with asymmetric distances. Current asymmetric MDS still face difficulties in the interpretation of results. This study proposes a simpler asymmetric MDS that utilizes the order statistic of an asymmetric matrix. The proposed Web method demonstrates that some influences among objects are visualized by direction, size and shape of arrow to ease the interpretability of users.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.244-256
• /
• 2006

Elementary teachers should lower their levels of expectation and indeed perspectives to those of elementary students. Even in relation to basic symbols, such as an arrow, can be read differently by teachers or students. Semiotics deals with the creation of meaning in rotation to symbols and signs. This study introduces semiotic analysis to the study of science textbooks. Elementary science textbooks contain a great many inscriptions, such as photographs and cartoons, even more than texts, such as words and sentences. Inscriptions employ various social conventions such as arrows, auxiliary lines, etc. Some conventional signs, however, hold different or indeed multiple meanings than the textbook author intended the sign to have. The arrows used in science textbook, mainly in the inscriptions, were analyzed and classified according to their intended meaning. The results indicated that teachers should use such arrows more carefully in lessons with elementary students.