• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1065-1074
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• 1998

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.384-391
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• 2019

Nutrients in stormwater runoff have raised concerns regarding water quality degradation in the recent years. Low impact development (LID) technologies are types of nature-based solutions developed to address water quality problems and restore the predevelopment hydrology of a catchment area. Two LID facilities, infiltration trench (IT) and infiltration planter (IP), are known for their high removal rate of nutrients through sedimentation and vegetation. Long-term monitoring was conducted to assess the performance and cite the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing the facilities in nutrient removal. Since a strong ionic bond exists between phosphorus compounds and sediments, reduction of total phosphorus (TP) (more than 76%), in both facilities was associated to the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) (more than 84%). The efficiency of nitrogen in IP is 28% higher than IT. Effective nitrification occurred in IT and particulate forms of nitrogen were removed through sedimentation and media filters. Decrease in ammonium- nitrogen (NH₄-N) and nitrite-nitrogen (NO₂-N), and increase in nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) fraction forms indicated that effective nitrification and denitrification occurred in IP. Hydrologic factors such as rainfall depth and rainfall intensity affected nutrient treatment capabilities of urban stormwater LID facilities The greatest monitored rainfall intensity of 11 mm/hr for IT yielded to 34% and 55% removal efficiencies for TN and TP, respectively, whereas, low rainfall intensities below 5 mm resulted to 100 % removal efficiency. The greatest monitored rainfall intensity for IP was 27 mm/hr, which still resulted to high removal efficiencies of 98% and 97% for TN and TP, respectively. Water quality assessment showed that both facilities were effective in reducing the amount of nutrients; however, IP was found to be more efficient than IT due to its additional provisions for plant uptake and larger storage volume.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2001

The Pollen analyses and the $^{14}C$-dating of the sediments of Moojechi bog were performed in order to study the vegetation history and the environmental changes of the southeasterm montane zone of Korea. These results show that the local pollen assemblage of the montane zone changed from lower upward cool-temperate northern/altimontane forest(MI) into cool-temperate central/montane forest(M II a) and cool-temperate souther $n_montane forest(M II b). Furthermore, In the case of the present cool temperature deciduous broad-leaved forests, its distribution would begin to be expanded from 8,000yr B.P., and its regional differentiation would be developed from 6,700yr B.P..P.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

This is a case study to research the environmental changes that occurred during the Latter Half of the postglacial age around the Basin of Onyang River in Asan, Korea. In line with this purpose, the author performed a pollen analysis and a radiocarbon dating on the deposits of alluvial fan around the upper Geumgok River, a tributary of Onyang River. Sampling point was at the altitude of about 67.5 meters, which belongs to the central zone of the cool temperate forest. The followings are the results of the study. The study area has passed through SC-I (the coniferous forest period in which Pinus was dominant), SC-II (the deciduous broad-leaved forest period in which Quercus and Castanea were dominant) and SC-III (the mixed conifer and deciduous broad-leaved forest period, in which Pinus, Quercus and Ulmus/Zelkova were dominant) respectively since about 3,000 yrB.P. SC-I period and SC-II period are presumed to be between about 3,000 and 2,000 yrB. P., and SC-III period to begin after 2,000 yrB.P. In comparison with the nationwide pollen zone during the postglacial age, SC-I and SC-II periods are contrasted with the R-IIIa zone and also the SC-III zone with the RIIIb zone. In addition, it is assumed that Pinus densiflora forest luxuriated there since 2,000 yrB.P. due to the destruction of forests, and that a lot of Fagopyrum pollen appeared; altogether, it was the so-called human interference period, from which forests began to be markedly destroyed. It is concluded that in those days inhabitants leaded agricultural life.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.69-83
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• 2014

This study examines vegetation and climate changes from pollen compositions of alpine moors in the Korean Peninsula such as Mujechineup at Mt. Jeongjok, Yongneup at Mt. Daeam, Jilmoineup at Mt. Odae and Wangdeungjaeneup at Mt. Jiri including moors at Mt. Jeombong. It can be found that the alpine moors were less interfered by human than low moors during the past 2,000 years of the historical age. Based on dominant periods of Pinus and Quercus, pollen compositions of the alpine wetlands, climatic environments of vegetation and historical records, vegetation and climate changes during three periods such as approximately 2,000~1,000 yr BP, 1,000~400 yr BP and 400 yr BP~present are examined. It was warmer during the period of 1,000~400 yr BP than 2,000~1,000 yr BP. The period of approximately 400 yr BP indicate the coldest climate of Little Ice Age. This study finds dominances of Quercus, low NAP/AP ratios, obvious divisions of pollen zones and human interference after 400 yr BP from pollen compositions of the alpine moors during the historical age. Human interference in the high moors becomes obvious after approximately 400 yr BP, indicating that there is a time lack of approximately 1,500~2,000 years between the alpine and low moors.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.339-362
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• 2002

Pollen morphology of 13 species of Korean Euphorbia was re-examined by means of LM and SEM. Taxonomic evaluation of palynological characters and relationships among taxa were also discussed based on the analysis of polar length, equatorial diameter, aperture size and exine thickness. Korean Euphorbia species were classified into three groups based on the mean size of polar length (P) and equatorial diameter (E) as follows:Group 1. sect. Tulocarpa and Tithymalus of subgenus Esula; $(P){\times}(E)=(54.88-67.17{\mu}m){\times}(44.30-64.75{\mu}m)$, Group 2. sect. Esula and Helioscpiae of subgenus Esula; $(P){\times}(E)=(39.98-47.24{\mu}m){\times}(36.07-38.83{\mu}m)$, Group 3. sect. Chamaesyce and Hypericifoliae of subgenus Chamaesyce; $(P){\times}(E)=(30.32-32.51{\mu}m){\times}(21.71-26.23{\mu}m)$. Various features of surface sculpturing were also grouped into 8 types by the characteristics of perporation size and distance of perporations as well as connection state of it. Pollen size and surface sculpturing were comparatively available in the levels of subgenus and section. Especially subgenus Chamaesyce was distinctly different from subgenus Esula by having compactly distributed perporations on exine surface as well as its small size of pollen grains. Because of the great variations in pollen size and the occurrence of various types of surface sculpturing according to the local poulations of each species, it was evaluated that they were unsuitable in classifying each species of Euphorbia. But such cases, that is, E. hylonoma being more familiar with E. ebracteolata than E. Pallasii, and E. pekinensis and E. fauriei as well as E. pallasii being strongly related with each other based on the similarity of surface sculpturing, reflected its usefulness in the classification of some Euphorbia species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Quaternary Association Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.13
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• pp.75-95
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• 1980

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 2021

In order to use Osmia cornifrons more effectively in apples, we investigated the pollination effect and nesting activity of O. cornifrons on 'Hongro', the middle-season cultivar, and 'Fuji', the late-season cultivar. There was a significant difference in the nesting activity and pollination effect of O. cornifrons depending on the apple cultivar. The nesting activity, rate of trap nesting, and reproduction in 'Fuji' were 2.5, 1.5, and 3.8 times greater than in 'Hongro', respectively. The pollination effect according to cultivar 'Fuji' was 1.6 times greater than that of 'Hongro' in the central fruit set. In terms of the quality of fruit, the asymmetry index of 'Fuji' was 2.5 times lower than that of 'Hongro', and the number of apple seeds of 'Fuji' was 1.9 times greater than that of 'Hongro'. The main reason for this result was the air temperature. The activity of O. cornifrons was most affected by air temperature (R2 = 0.578). It is expected that the nesting activity and pollination effect are great in 'Fuji' (17.4-24.1℃) when the temperature during the blooming period is higher than that of 'Hongro' (12.5-20.2℃). Our study provides important information on stable apple production for apple cultivators, and can be used as an evidence for changes in flora and insect fauna caused by climate change.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.260-269
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• 2005

Taxonomic studies on morphological, principal component analysis (PCA), palynological, RAPD and PCR-RELP analysis were conducted to intraspecific relationships of Rubus oldhami. Three types of Rubus oldhami based on the flower characters such as petal length and number were used in this study. Among the 14 morphological characters, perianth length, calyx lobe length, apical leaflet shape and leaflet length were used to distinguish for each type. The pollen characters such as shape, aperture number, surface sculpture were showed very similar among three types. Eight primers out of 20 arbitrary primers were screened for three types, and were revealed 33 ($60\%$) polymorphic bands. The phonogram by RAPD data showed incongruent with morphological analysis. Even though ten restriction endonucleases produced 20 restriction sites, polymorphic bands were not observed. Based on the results, three types of Rubus oldhami divided well by morphological characters, but pollen and DNA data were not supported. Therefore, type 1 and 2 which different from type 3 by flower characters considered as a temporary hybrid or ecotype because of their similar habitats.