• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.331-340
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• 1993

This study investigate the epidemiological feature of Metagonimus infection in Kangwon-do (province). The average Infection rate of the surveyed inhabitants was 7.8% (83 positives out of 1, 067 examinees) by stool examination; male, 11.4% and female, 3.2%, respectively. The egg positive rate in residents in the Som river area was 7.3%, that of the Chuchon river area 6.3%, the Pyongchang river area 12.8%, the Tong river area 3.8%, the Hongchon river area 9.8%, and the Ohsip stream area of Samchok 8.0%,respectively. The average metacercarial infection rate of genus Metagonimus in the fish was 81.0% (256 positives out of 318 fish). The infected fleshes were Zacco platypus. Zacco teminki, Opswiichthys biens, Squdidis sp., Corqssius carassius, etc. in western Kangwon-do Meanwhile, in the Ohsip stream area of Samchok-gun, eastern costal Kangwon-do, the infected fish were Plecoglossus altivelis and Tribolodon hokonensis. The rats and dogs are infected with the metcercanae obtained from Zacco platypus and Opsariichthys biens, adult worms collected were Miyata type of Metagonimus with some M. takahashii. When infected with metacercariae from Plecoglossus ltivelis, Metagonimus yokogowai was only found. M. yoogawai and Metagonimus Mlyata type were fecund together in Tribolodon hakonenis in Ohsip stream area of Samchok, in the eastern Kangwon-do. The intestinal flukes of genus Metogonimus in western Kangwon-do were Miyata type of MetQnonimuT and M. takahashii transmitting mainly by Zacco platypus and Opsariichtys bidens as a source of infection. In the eastern part of Kangwon province (Ohsip stream area of Samchok), M. yokogowai was mainly distributed by P. altivelis and T. hakonesis, but some T. hakonensis harbored the metacercariae of Miyata type of Metagonimus with those of M. yokogawai.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.665-677
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• 2021

This study analyzed the optimization method of forest management to enhance economic and public functions, as well as the interrelationship among timber production, carbon storage, and water conservation functions in Mt.Gari leading forest management zone. For these purposes, a forest management planning model was developed using Multi-Objective Linear Programming. The model had an objective function to maximize the total NPV (Net Present Value) of weighted timber production, carbon storage, water conservation, and constraints to limit the rate of change in timber production, percentage of each age-class and tree species area, percentage of conifers and broad-leaved trees area in each management zone, minimum timber production and timber sales amount. Based on the description of forest inventory and the comprehensive plan of Mt.Gari, we analyzed stand information and management constraints of the study area. We compared management alternatives using different weights in the objective function. Therefore, the total NPV was maximized in the alternative considering the three functions in equal proportion, rather than the alternatives of maximizing only one function. When all three functions were considered simultaneously, timber production offset the carbon storage and water conservation, and carbon storage and water conservation interacted synergistically. However, when considering only two of the three functions, all combinations of functions demonstrated tradeoffs with one other. Therefore, we discovered that by considering all three functions equally, rather than only one or two functions, the economic and public values of the study area can be maximized.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.622-629
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• 2021

This study analyzed the running speed of logging trucks (25 tons), depending on the structural state of forest roads, on four main forest roads in the national forest management offices in Chuncheon and Hongcheon for trafficability. The speeds for the curved and straight sections were 7.6 km/h and 8.7 km/h, respectively, which were less than the designed speed (20 km/h). Thus, it would be necessary to improve the forest road's structure to fulfill minimum running speed. No significant difference was observed in the running speed by the longitudinal gradient up to 13%, while it was increased at more than 100 m by the distance in the straight section. By the facility's location in the curved section, the running speed was 6.2%-9.3% lower in a ridge than a valley. The running speed was lowest at the internal angles of <90° and at the curved radius of <15 m, respectively. When this radius was less than 15 m, the substandard sections for widening amounts were more than 50%; thus, sufficient widening was not achieved.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.177-196
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze priorities of competencies and to find the direction of development of teacher librarian training and retraining program. A total of 238 subjects were used for the final analysis. They were analayzed using IPA, Borich's needs analysis and the Locus for Focus model. As a result, First, teacher librarians perceived that the importance and performance of teacher and manager competency were higher than information specialist and cooperative leader. Second, they needed competencies of data-science, coding, Internet of Things in the field of information specialist as changing educational environment. Third, they needed competencies of information ethics, copyright instruction, and digital and media literacy education in the field of teacher. Fourth, they needed competencies of facility designing for future education, online and offline school library marketing skills, and establishment of makerspaces and learning commons in the field of ibrary manager. Fifth, they needed competencies of library based instruction, library cooperative instruction, and building a collection related to subject in the field of cooperative leader. Sixth, the highest required competency for teacher librarians was suggested for teacher librarians' role area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2021

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the pre- and post-harvest variable factors on the processed product of kimchi cabbage cultivated in semi-highland at summer time. Kimchi cabbage cultivar 'Chun Gwang' was grown in an open field and/or under a plastic greenhouse condition; it was stored at 0? after harvesting with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film packaging. The pre-harvest characteristics growth parameters, fresh weight, head weight, no of leaves, leaf thickness, firmness, moisture content etc. were evaluated. The evaluated postharvest characteristics were fresh weight loss, appearance, trimming loss, SPAD value, moisture content and hue angle. The results show that the fresh weight and leaf thickness were higher in 'Chun Gwang' kimchi cabbages grown in the greenhouse than those in the field. However, the other evaluated factors were not affected by the type of cultural method. During the storage, the cabbage continued to decrease in fresh weight loss, trimming loss and moisture content. When compared to the kimchi cabbage showed significant difference in the fresh weight loss, trimming loss and moisture content during storage. It was confirmed that both cultural methods indoor- and outdoor did not show head growth parameters of 'Chun Gwang' kimchi cabbages on semi-high land at summer time. Although no difference in the growth before storage was observed, the evaluated characteristics like fresh weight loss etc. were influenced by cultural method as a pre-harvest factor. This study suggests that there were to be affected by pre-harvest factor during storage after harvest. In this study, an integrated management system combining relationship between processed agricultural products and their pre- and post-harvest factors.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.658-666
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of yoga and meditation-focused forest healing programs on profiles of mood states and stress reactions of adults. We tested 17 adults who agreed to participate in the experiments that were conducted for 2 nights and 3 days between September 8 to 10, 2017 in the healing forest located at Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do. The test used the simplified version of the inventory for the profile of mood states (K-POMS-B: Korean version of Profile of Mood States-Brief) and the stress response inventory as the measuring tools. For data analysis, we examined the differences in the profile of mood states and stress response of subjects before and after participation in the program through the paired T-tests with the SPSS 24.0 program. The analysis of the impact of the yoga and meditation-focused forest healing program on the profile of mood states of the test subjects showed the statistically significant reduction of the total score of the profile of mood states. Although the vigor among sub-level inventories increased, it was not statistically significant. But the tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion showed a statistically significant reduction. The analysis of the impact of the yoga and meditation-focused forest healing program on the stress response of the test subjects showed a statistically significant reduction. Among sub-level inventories, the tension, somatization, anger, depression, fatigue, and frustration showed a statistically significant reduction, but the aggressiveness did not. It is expected that the results of this study can be utilized in the future as reference data for clarifying the effects of yoga and meditation-focused forest healing programs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.415-423
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• 2018

Aphid is a typical vector that transfers various kinds of viruses to potatoes. Therefore, it is very important to control aphids moving into potato fields. We investigated the seasonal movement pattern of aphids and its virus transmission rates mainly in the three seed potato production regions at highland in Gangwon-do, Korea. In addition, we identified the aphid species with over-wintering eggs collected from barks or twigs of total 57 tree species around potato fields in winter season. The peak time of summer and winter migration of aphid was at the mid-June and the early October, respectively. A 2.8% of total aphid trapped in yellow water-pan trap was turned out PLRV-borne, and the virus transmission rate was 15.4% by Myzus persicae and 9.1% by Macrosiphum euphorbiae. PLRV-borne aphids started to flow in from the late May, and virus transmission rate of aphid trapped in mid-June was the highest with 10.4%. Totally 14 species of aphid eggs wintered in the 17 species of trees including Acer pictum subsp. mono and Acer pseudosieboldianum at the 11 sites. In particular, because it is not certain that Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Yamatocallis hirayamae do transmit potato virus, but they over-wintered in host plants distributed over a wide area, further research on transmission ability is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the process of forming practical knowledge about library-based instruction of low-experienced teacher librarians. The study conducted interviews with six teacher librarians with less than three years of teaching experience. The analysis of the data collected focused on the teachers' self-knowledge and instructional knowledge, which are in the areas of practical knowledge. The results of the analysis of the study are as follows. First, the self-knowledge of teacher librarians was a teacher with leadership, who led students and teachers to reading education and information literacy instruction. Second, the self-knowledge of teacher librarians was most concretely formed in the process of pre-service teacher training, and the reflection on the teacher's image was taking place in the school field. Third, the knowledge of the instructional knowledge for library-based instruction was focused on library collaborative instruction, and various teaching methods were being learned and applied in school field. Fourth, there was a difference in the instructional knowledge of library-based instruction among teacher librarians. Through this study, it is suggested that the teacher training course and educational practicum activities should be changed by reflecting the contents of the actual school field, and the analysis of library-based instruction should be continued.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.969-983
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• 2021

Evapotranspiration, one of the hydrometeorological components, is considered an important variable for water resource planning and management and is primarily used as input data for hydrological models such as water balance models. The FAO56 PM method has been recommended as a standard approach to estimate the reference evapotranspiration with relatively high accuracy. However, the FAO56 PM method is often challenging to apply because it requires considerable hydrometeorological variables. In this perspective, the Hargreaves equation has been widely adopted to estimate the reference evapotranspiration. In this study, a set of parameters of the Hargreaves equation was calibrated with relatively long-term data within a Bayesian framework. Statistical index (CC, RMSE, IoA) is used to validate the model. RMSE for monthly results reduced from 7.94 ~ 24.91 mm/month to 7.94 ~ 24.91 mm/month for the validation period. The results confirmed that the accuracy was significantly improved compared to the existing Hargreaves equation. Further, the evaporative demand drought index (EDDI) based on the evaporative demand (E₀) was proposed. To confirm the effectiveness of the EDDI, this study evaluated the estimated EDDI for the recent drought events from 2014 to 2015 and 2018, along with precipitation and SPI. As a result of the evaluation of the Han-river watershed in 2018, the weekly EDDI increased to more than 2 and it was confirmed that EDDI more effectively detects the onset of drought caused by heatwaves. EDDI can be used as a drought index, particularly for heatwave-driven flash drought monitoring and along with SPI.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.33-40
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• 2021

Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR) is a technology that analyzes human speech sound into speech signals and then automatically converts them into character strings that can be understandable by human. Speech recognition technology has evolved from the basic level of recognizing a single word to the advanced level of recognizing sentences consisting of multiple words. In real-time voice conversation, the high recognition rate improves the convenience of natural information delivery and expands the scope of voice-based applications. On the other hand, with the active application of speech recognition technology, concerns about related cyber attacks and threats are also increasing. According to the existing studies, researches on the technology development itself, such as the design of the Automatic Speaker Verification(ASV) technique and improvement of accuracy, are being actively conducted. However, there are not many analysis studies of attacks and threats in depth and variety. In this study, we propose a cyber attack model that bypasses voice authentication by simply manipulating voice frequency and voice speed for AI voice recognition service equipped with automated identification technology and analyze cyber threats by conducting extensive experiments on the automated identification system of commercial smartphones. Through this, we intend to inform the seriousness of the related cyber threats and raise interests in research on effective countermeasures.