• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.658-664
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• 2019

In the development of the liquid rocket engine using the pintle injector, spray characteristics such as spray angle, droplet size, and distribution of the droplets are dominant parameters. Three different kind of multi hole type pintle tip and a continuous type pintle tip were designed. In the case of multi hole pintle tip, SMD result did not have a significant difference depending on the number of holes. In analysis with visualization images, however, the droplets were uniformly distributed as the number of holes increased. Liquid droplets from continuous type pintle tip were finely atomized and dispersed uniformly than those from multi-hole type pintle tip. In addition, the thrust control by adjusting the liquid injection area of the pintle is suitable for the continuous type, which is easier to face-shutoff rather than the multi hole type. The spray angle of each pintle tip according to TMR was measured to derive a specific tendency and corresponding empirical formula.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.89-97
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• 2018

In the past, hospitals were planned with a minimum of public space for the sole purpose of treatment. On the other hand, modern hospitals have more public space as the importance of the healing environment increases and are planned taking into consideration the patients, guardians, and medical staff. In addition, the lobby shape is developed from a HALL type and planned as a STREET type or CONCOURSE type, increasing the public area. Unlike past hospitals, which were used as reception, waiting, and procedure spaces, modern hospitals are used as commercial, hobby, and cultural space. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the healing environment of the hospital lobby based on the shape of the plane surface by deducting the elements of general hospitals' healing environment from preceding studies as a framework. The hospital lobby is an important place where many actions occur. Therefore, 3 types of cases were evaluated based on the plane form. As a result of the study, the STREET type showed a better healing environment than the HALL type, but the accessibility, roof garden, and resting place showed similar results. Because the case was based on a large general hospital, which had sufficient planned space, the factor has little to do with the style of the lobby. Among the STREET types, the linear atrium showed a better result in terms of the sense of space and inflow effect of natural lighting than the four-sided atrium because the linear atrium has large open volume ratio. When the lobby plane is the HALL type, a cross section of the courtyard had a large open volume ratio. Therefore, the shape of the cross section is as important as the plane form of the lobby.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.4 no.7
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• pp.19-29
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• 1998

It is difficult to understand the interior of complex facilities such as general hospital. Because interior spatial composition in hospital tends to be focused on function. So it is important to find out how people understands the structure of interior spaces. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how interior space affects the legibility of space making use of puzzle map method. The subjects of this investigation are two general hospitals which have typical plans in Korea. ; One is corridor type and the other is hall type.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.4 no.7
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• pp.57-66
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to give the basic data for spactial composition on social welfare centers. The data were collected through maid by questionary survey, existing facility field survey and interview to the social welfare centers to find out their management programs used in social welfare centers the findings suggest that the general programs of welfare centers are divided into 3 groups.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.5 no.8
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• pp.23-32
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• 1999

It's difficult to understand the interior of complex facilities such as general hospital, because interior spatial composition in hospital tends to be focused. So it is important to find out how people understand the structure of interior spaces. Therefore, this study aims to analyze spatial information from the sign data concerned with sighting and thinking of subject who make way-finding as a first-time visit from an entrance to a goal by way-finding method and clarify plan of sign in two general hospital which have typical plans in Korea.; One is corridor type and the other is hall type.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 1997

A simplified experiment was performed to figure out the atomization characteristics of rice-bran oil which it is highly viscous liquid by applying ultrasonic energy. A spray system, an ultrasonic system, and three kinds of hole-type nozzles(hole diameter: 0.31, 0.34, 0.37mm) were manufactured. To investigate the effects of ultrasonic energy on the atomization of a highly viscous liquid, a phase doppler particle analyzer was used for measurement and calculation of spray droplets data. Nozzle opening pressures were chosen of 3 levels, i.e, 16, 20, and 24MPa. As a result, it could be concluded that the ultrasonic energy was effective to improve the spray atomization when it applied to the fuel by means of 3 different nozzles because of the effects of the liquid fuel cavitation and relaxation between molecules caused by ultrasonic energy. The improvement rate of the spray atomization by the ultrasonic method compared with the conventional spray increased about 15% in the case of hole type nozzles. By increasing of the nozzle opening pressure and decreasing of the hole diameter, the atomization of spray droplets was improved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.108-118
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• 2019

Appreciating gardens in garden show has its meaning in appreciating concepts and ideas of artists, hidden inside of garden, as formative arts, as well as the beauty of the nature. This study is aimed to understand the intension of artists in visual expression through formative media in the gardens by assessing structure of visual narrative in the space with 20 artworks among the ones presented in 2018 Taehwagang Garden Show. The formative structure is delivered as contents and forms through formative media and formative language. Thus, for analysis on the artworks, the researcher assessed expressive characteristics of the media, through visual and space language, that forms the formative structure in the contest of narrative structure expressed in the gardens and findings of the analysis are as follows. First, for intertextuality obtained through media image, most of the artworks delivered message through 'figure image.' This means, the concept is delivered as 'affinity of actual objects' through the media and associated 'meaning and meaning action' are expected. Second, the characteristics of signs to show symbolism in the gardens were categorized into 'icon'. 'index' and 'symbol'. The results showed that most of the artworks expressed common characteristics between image and meaning, using 'icon' and 'symbol'. Third, as space formation components, based on formative principles, the components of 'dominant' and 'subordinate' roles were defined as the key components for meaning delivery. Also, it was understood that 'space configuration with overlapped image' and 'space configuration with transparency' were adopted to strengthen conceptional layers. Forth, for space occupation types, there were mostly central hall type, corridor type and passage space type and for open space type, the entire space area was conceptualized, instead of certain object. The circulation line was defined in the frequency order of circular type, pass type and return type. The study on the expressive characteristics of visual narrative in garden design is meaningful as it could build base data for the method of spatial design for visual development of concepts in the future.