• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.663-669
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• 2013

To improve the use of ginseng flower-buds, antioxidant activities of ginseng flower-buds fermented using a variety of useful microorganisms were analyzed. Non-fermented grape pomace was used as a control, while fermentation was carried out using Bacillus subtilis (BS), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), Lactobacillus casei (LC), Candida utilis (CU), Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CHY1011 (Y1), Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain ZP 541 (Y2), and a mixed-strain culture with LP, LC, and CU (M). The total polyphenol content of ginseng flower-buds was highest in the control compared to the other fermented ginseng flower-buds. DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activity were also highest in fermented group by BS. The FRAP value (10 mg/mL) was highest in the control group but did not show a significant difference in the fermented group by BS. The highest reducing power activity was in the fermented group by LC compared to the other group, including the control. Therefore, the fermentation of ginseng flower-buds using various microorganisms, shows that fermentation with the Bacillus subtilis strain increases antioxidant activity. More research of its effects on other physiological activities will be needed.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2012

This study is focused on finding new natural materials that have antimicrobial activity. We found that 3 plants extracts, Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch (M. sieboldii K. Koch), Rhus chinensis (R. chinensis) and Metasequioa glyptostroboides (M. glyptostroboides), have antimicrobial activities by disk diffusion method. We determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentation (MIC) of each and found that 0.3 ~ 0.35 % of M. glyptostroboides essential oil and 0.35 ~ 0.4 % of M. sieboldii K. Koch extracts inhibited fungal growth and 0.45 ~ 0.5 % of R. chinensis extracts inhibited bacterial growth. We isolated compounds from extracts and verified what have antimicrobial activity. As a result we found that caryophyllene oxide and caryophyllene isolated from M. glyptostroboides, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone from M. sieboldii K. Koch and ethyl gallate, ethyl-3-gallate from R. chinensis have antimicrobial activities. In accordance with antimicrobial activity, O/W cosmetic emulsion containing mixture of 3 plants extracts showed preservative efficacy against both bacteria and fungi. Based on the above data we suggest that extracts from M. siebodii K. Koch, R. chinensis, and M. glyptostroboides, replace chemical synthetic preservatives and be applied as a natural preservative.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2012

This study investigates the effect of ${\beta}$-glucans on the growth of Caenorhabditis elegans. Comparison was made among lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ${\beta}$-glucans extracted from Phellinus baumii, in the presence of peptidoglycans which is available as the major carbon source from OP50, a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. When the three sources of carbohydrate were added singularly or in mixture to the culture media, a significant level of variation was observed with respect to fecundity. Addition of ${\beta}$-glucans appeared to increase the fecundity. When ${\beta}$-glucans was reinforced in the culture media, the fecundity increased at least 20 percent compared to the OP50-only media which exclusively contains peptidoglycans. In terms of life span, C. elegans showed a modest reduction when treated especially with ${\beta}$-glucans. C. elegans accumulated less fat in the ${\beta}$-glucans containing media different from the OP50 media. Based on the Sudan black staining, fat deposition significantly decreased corresponding to the ${\beta}$-glucans content in the media. On LPS-supplemented media, no difference was observed in fat deposition compared to the normal OP50 media. At the level of motility, ${\beta}$-glucans-treated worms moved more distance as well as LPS-treated worm. They also showed a comparable degree of motility under similar treatment with each source of carbohydrate. In conclusion, LPS and ${\beta}$-glucans, extracted from P. baumii, may not entirely replace the food required for C. elegans; however, it might be utilized as valuable alternative food source which C. elegans use as forms of carbohydrates in stead of peptidoglycan of OP50.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.749-754
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• 2001

마이크로파 추출 및 하소 공정을 통하여 카올린으로부터 베타 알루미나 전구체 및 베타 알루미나 분말을 합성하였다. 황산 알루미늄 및 가성소다의 혼합 용액을 교반되는 에탄올 용액 중에 적하시켜서 $Al_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$.17$H_2O$ 및 $Na_2$SO$_4$.10$H_2O$의 균일한 침전물을 얻었다. $\beta$- 및 $\beta$\"-Al$_2$O$_3$상으로 구성된 베타 알루미나를 얻기 위하여 재래식 및 마이크로파 하소법으로 주어진 온도에서 약 2h 동안 침전물 시료를 하소하였다. 재래식 하소된 시료에 비하여 마이크로파 하소된 시료는 $\beta$\"-Al$_2$O$_3$상이 상대적으로 많이 존재하였다. 또한, 재래식 하소된 시료와 마이크로파 하소된 시료의 미세구조는 매우 상이하였다. 매우 상이하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 1988

대기오염물질 속에 함유되어 있는 다환방향족 탄화수소 (PAHs)는 분자식 구조가 비슷한 수십개의 이성질체가 여러 종류의 유기화합물과 혼합되어 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 환경오염 시료중의 PAHs를 분석하는데 있어서 분석방법과 결과를 비교하기 위하여 지침이 될 수 있는 환경표준 기준물을 개발할 목적으로 굴뚝 안쪽벽에서 긁어 채취한 검댕을 시료로 선책하여 액체/액체 용매 추출방법에 의해 PAHs 분류부분을 얻었다. Phenanthrene 이외의 30여종의 PAHs 화합물을 가스크로마토그라피의 머무른시간과 가스크로마토그라피/질량분석기에 의하여 분리, 판명하였고 5종의 주 PAHs 화합물을 정확하게 정량 분석하였다. 정량분석 결과의 신뢰도, 정확도, 정밀도는 미국 NBS의 표준기준물 1647을 분석하여 검정치와 비교함으로써 평가하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.329-333
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• 2011

p-phenylene-2,5-benzobisoxazole (PBO; Zylon$(R)$) fibers as an adsorbent were employed for solid phase extraction of aqueous alkylphenols. The removal ratios for 10 kinds of alkylphenols at initial concentration of $100{\mu}gL^{-1}$ were in the range of 16.8-96.3% and the removals increased with the increase of the phase ratio (fiber weight/solution volume). The plots of the logarithm of partition coefficient (log K) were correlated with the logarithm of the n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log P). The adsorbed alkylphenols were completely desorbed with the mixture of acetonitrile and dichloromethane.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1363-1368
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• 2008

The extraction and quantitative analysis conditions for astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, and the structural characteristics of H. pluvialis extract, H. pluvialis hydrolysate and synthetic astaxanthin were investigated using UV/visible and FT-IR spectrometers. Astaxanthin was dissolved in methanol, and then treated to enhance the solubility by sonication for 45 min. With sonication pretreatment, the solubility of astaxanthin increased up to 1.5 times compared to that without sonication. The extracts were hydrolyzed by cholesterol esterase for the analysis of H. pluvialis extract containing astaxanthin ester. A HPLC method using reverse phase C18 column with methanol-water (95:5, v/v) as mobile phase was developed to analyze astaxanthin. After hydrolysis, the absorption spectrum of H. pluvialis hydrolysat was changed to similar pattern to synthetic astaxanthin, confirming the extraction and analysis condition of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2021

This study was attempted to investigate natural materials with antimicrobial activity and to apply as natural preservatives in cosmetics. The disc diffusion method was used to search for nine species of natural antibacterial material for three species of skin pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Candida albicans. As a result of measuring the size of inhibition zone, Rhus Semialata gall (Gallnut) extract, Oak vinegar, and ε-polylysine were showed strongest antibacterial activities (> 10 mm). The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of gallnut and oak vinegar ranged from 10 to 20 mg/mL and from 20 to 40 mg/mL against five human skin pathogens. The MBC of ε-polylysine ranged from 0.5 to 2 mg/mL in fungus. The synergic effect of gallnut extract/oak vinegar mixture and gallnut extract/ε-polylysine mixture were evaluated by checkerboard test. Compared to when used alone, the MBC of gallnut extract/oak vinegar mixture were at 4 times lower concentration against E. coli, C. albicans, and A. brasiliensis. Also Furthermore, the MBC of gallnut extract/ε-polylysine mixture were at 4 times lower concentration against C. albicans and A. brasiliensis. It was confirmed that the combination of gallnut extract with oak vinegar or ε-polylysine resulted in synergistic antibacterial effect against three human skin pathogens. Thus, it is expected that gallnut extract and natural product mixture can not only demonstrate antibacterial synergies, but also be applied in cosmetics as a natural preservative system with a wide antibacterial spectrum.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2005

Three different oriental natural plants (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Sanguisorba Officinalis L, Euonymus alatus) were extracted with 70% methanol under refluxing for 4 hr in order to investigate their inhibitory effect on Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by a modified gelatin zymography, where only euonymus alatus showed the inhibitory effect on the activity of Matrix MMP-9. The fraction was collected by using the mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane on silica gel column. Seven portions were obtained and three fractions of them (first, third and forth) showed inhibitory effect on the zymography. To verify the effect of these substances on cells, human hepatoma, Hep3B cells as a cancer model, and Chang liver cells as a normal model were selected. In order to examine the cell viability, $1{\mu}g/mL$ of each extract was treated on cells. Most of the methanol soluble fractions showed negligible toxicity on human liver cell line.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2023

This study was performed as a preliminary experiment to develop functional feed additives using by-products generated during the production of black garlic. Therefore antioxidant and immune enhancing activity of black garlic pomace were measured. As a result of measuring the antioxidant activity of black garlic pomace, it was found antioxidant activity. Nitric oxide (NO) assay was performed to test the immune enhancing activity of vegetable samples including black garlic pomace among the samples used in the experiment. As a result of the NO assay experiment, highest concentrations of black garlic pomace, aster glehni, and MIX form produced NO, which Garlic pomace (69.4%), aster glehni (35.9%), and MIX (45.3%), respectively, compared to LPS (100%). In conclusion, it is considered that black garlic pomace contains an anti-inflammatory effect, and if the optimal mixing ratio of black garlic pomace and aster glehni is selected, it will be of sufficient value as a feed additive containing an anti-inflammatory effect.