• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.113-136
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• 2010

Low fertility has become quite commonplace worldwide, and Europe has experienced below replacement fertility for several decades. In addition, lowest-low fertility, defined as period total fertility rate below 1.3, has rapidly spread in Europe during the 1990s and is likely to expand further. After the turn of century, lowest-low fertility started spreading in Eastern Asia. Korea's TFR of 1.19 in 2008 is lower than most European countries, although it is higher than the Hongkong(1.02) and Taiwan(1.09). The purpose of this paper is to examine the socioeconomic determinants of lowest-low fertility in Korea. In doing so, this paper discusses the effects of female labour force participation, labour instability on family formation and fertility. The data includes female labour force participation rate, unemployment rate, age at first marriage, and total fertility rate from 1980 to 2008. First, the economic recession hindered young people's economic independence and propensity to marry. Married couples were also depressed with uncertainty toward the future and avoided to have children. Second, the growth in female labor force participation had a negative impact on fertility, under the low level of compatibility between women's work and childrearing. Moreover, this paper argues that the rising cost of children including public and private educational costs is thought to be the main reason of the recent low fertility in Korea. Policy implications and some comments on population policies are also presented in the final section.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.5-29
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• 2000

도시화 및 산업화는 가족의 애정기능 증대, 친족관계 약화, 공사영역분리, 여성의 교육수준 향상 및 취업기회 증가, 부부관계의 평등성 추구 등을 통해 이혼을 증가시키는 요인으로 알려져 왔다. 혼인·이혼신고 자료와 인구주택총조사 자료를 활용하여 1970년∼1995년 동안 발생한 한국의 성별, 연령별, 시도별, 교육수준별 이혼율을 비교하였다. 이혼수준을 측정하기 위하여 조이혼율, 일반이혼율, 연령별이혼율, 연령표준화 이혼을 전체인구와 유배우인구를 대상으로 각각 산출하였고, 각종 이혼력 지표의 특성을 논의하였다. 1970년∼1995년 동안 이혼율이 3배 증가하였으며, 1995년 현재 유배우인구 천 명당 3.2건의 이혼이 발생하였다. 동기간 동안 24세 이하 연령층의 이혼율이 가장 높았고, 전 연령층에 걸쳐 빠른 속도로 이혼율이 증가하였는데, 증년층의 이혼율 증가 속도가 가장 빨랐고, 남성보다는 여성의 상대적 이혼율 증가 정도가 더 빨랐다. 시도별 이혼율은 전연령층에 걸쳐 서울, 부산, 인천, 대전, 경기, 제주도가 높았고, 강원도와 전라북도 25∼34세 연령층의 이혼율이 높았다. 교육수준별 이혼율이 남자는 초등학교 졸업집단에서, 여자는 고등학교 졸업 집단에서 가장 높았고, 남자는 대졸 이상 집단, 여자는 무학 집단에서 가장 낮게 나타났다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.726-737
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• 2020

This study analyzed 4,284 elderly people aged 65 or older by SPSS 22.0 in the 7th data of 「2018 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA)」 to confirm the effect of the health-promoting behavior of the elderly on life satisfaction through cognitive function. The cognitive function level of the subjects was 13.8% doubtful about dementia, 23.8% cognitive decline, and 62.4% normal, and the satisfaction level of life was 59.304 points. The results of the study were as follows: First, the difference in cognitive function according to demographic characteristics was significant in gender, age, education, religion, and marriage factors. Second, the satisfaction of the elderly's life according to demographic characteristics was confirmed to have significant differences in gender, age, education, religion, and marriage factors. Third, the satisfaction of the elderly's life was significantly positive in drinking and regular exercise factors among independent variable the health-promoting behavior when cognitive function was mediated. On the other hand, The significant negative effect of the restriction of daily life activities was confirmed. In this way, the mediating effect of cognitive function was verified in the effect of the health-promoting behavior on the satisfaction of the elderly life.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.83-105
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• 2007

This study investigates the stance of the social capitals that explain voluntary services. The testing results indicate that the decision to join the voluntary services is significantly affected by ages, householder, marriage, preschool child, gender, physical condition, income, education, job position, occupation, region, day, etc. And a giving time is significantly influenced by ages, marriages, working together of husband and wife, gender, income, job, occupation position, a type of living house, etc. Moreover, we find that the economic values of the voluntary services estimate at 21,467 billion won a year in 2004, and GDP ratio is 0.2% that is lower than those of major developed countries.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.248-253
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• 2019

Early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can reduce the incidence of dementia. This study developed the MCI prediction model for the elderly in Korea. The subjects of this study were 3,240 elderly (1,502 men, 1,738 women) aged 65 and over who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Aging (KLoSA) in 2012. Outcome variables were defined as MCI prevalence. Explanatory variables were age, marital status, education level, income level, smoking, drinking, regular exercise more than once a week, average participation time of social activities, subjective health, hypertension, diabetes Respectively. The prediction model was developed using Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) neural network. As a result, age, sex, final education, subjective health, marital status, income level, smoking, drinking, regular exercise were significant predictors of MCI prediction model of rural elderly people in Korea using RBM neural network. Based on these results, it is required to develop a customized dementia prevention program considering the characteristics of high risk group of MCI.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.87-114
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• 2009

Most previous studies on income inequality have limitations in reflecting recent changes and heterogeneity in women's working patterns and their family structure by regarding them as a homogeneous group. This study aims to investigate the trends of income inequality among women during the past 9 years since 1997 and to examine what is the most influential factor on these changes. The results show that the overall trend of income inequality among women is decreasing due to the income decrease of the middle class women and the income increase of the lower class. Among various factors, education, age, and marital status are key factors affecting inequality changes during this period. This study has the following policy implications: first, it is necessary to implement the child care services for the divorced and separated women, who are more likely to fall in poverty. Second, the increase of the basic pension benefits is needed particularly for the poor old women, who is more likely live longer in a desperate status.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.77-100
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• 2008

This study explores the implications of increasing cohabitation for the Korean family, by comparing the characteristics of cohabiters with those of married couples and of never-married and divorced people. Data are from the Marriage Registration Files for the years of 1997 through 2005 and Social Statistics Survey conducted in 2006. Results from descriptive statistics and logit analysis generally confirm the predictions of the western literature. First, cohabitation is part of overall changes in the family system. Cohabitation is more prevalent among the previously married than among the never married. Second, the socioeconomic status of cohabiting men is lower than that of married men. Third, according to spouses' employment status, educational levels, and age differences, gender roles are more egalitarian among cohabiting couples than among married couples. The finding that cohabiter characteristics are not similar to those of married couples seems to suggest that cohabitation does not simply represent a trial of marriage out of caution, unlike what most media articles assume. Instead, cohabitation may signify some unconventional circumstances forcing the couple to choose it as an alternative to marriage even temporarily. This and other conjectures discussed in this paper need to be reexamined with more rigorous data, as increasing trend of cohabitation seems to be inevitable in the coming years.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.53-88
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• 2006

The major aim of this paper is to develop a hypothetical set of age-specific fertility rates which are logically derived and reasonably accurate in the projection of future population. The first procedure is to select a generalized log-gamma distribution model, which includes Coale-McNeil nuptiality model, in order to estimate and project a set of age-specific fertility rates by birth cohort and birth order. The second is to apply the log-gamma model with an empirical adjustment to the actual data to estimate and project the future fertility rates for relatively young birth cohorts who did not complete their reproductive career. This study reconstructs or translates a set of cohort age-specific fertility rates into a set of period age-specific fertility rates which must be hypothesized in order to establish the broader framework of future population projection. For example, the fertility at age 20 in the year of 2020 is the fertility at age 20 for the cohort born in 1990, while the fertility at age 21 in the year of 2020 is the fertility at 21 for the cohort born in 1989. In turn, once a set of age-specific fertility rates for the cohorts who were born up to the year of 2010, it is possible for one to establish an hypothetical set of period age-specific fertility rates which will be needed to project the future population until the year of 2055. The difference in the hypothetical system of age-specific fertility rates between this study and the 2005 special population projection comes from the fact that the fertility estimation/projection model used in this study was skillfully exploited to reflect better actual trend of fertility decline caused by rise in marriage age and increasing proportion of those who remain single until their end of reproduction. In this regard, this paper argues that the set of age-specific fertility rates derived from this study is more logical and reasonably accurate than the set of those used for the 2005 special projection. In the population projection, however, the fundamental issue of the hypothetical setting of age-specific fertility rates in relation to the fertility estimation/projection model is about how skillfully one can handle the period effects. It is not easy for one to completely cope with the problem of period effects except for the a minor period adjustment based on recent actual data, along with the given framework of a cohort-based fertility estimation/projection model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.377-381
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• 2021

본 연구는 한국복지패널(KOWEPS) 15차 연도(2020년) 자료를 활용하여 장애인의 인구사회학적 특성인 성별, 연령, 교육수준, 혼인상태에 따라 가족문제해결, 가족관계만족도, 가족생활만족도에 대하여 어떠한 차이가 있는가를 분석하고, 이를 장애인 복지 정책 기초자료로 활용하는데 목적을 두었다. 연구대상은 한국복지패널 15차 년도 전체패널 27,447명에서 2021년 현재 장애인으로 등록된 1,281명중 80세(1942년생) 이상 422명을 제외한 859명으로 하였다. 연구결과 성별, 연령, 교육수준에 따른 가족문제해결, 가족관계만족도, 가족생활만족도의 평균값이 대부분 유의미한 차이가 없는 양상으로 나타났으나 가족문제해결, 가족관계만족도, 가족생활만족도의 3개변인 모두에서 결혼 상태에 따른 평균의 차이는 각각 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유배우자의 경우는 그렇지 않은 결혼 상태에 비해 가족관계가 원만하게 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타나 장애인들의 경우 가족 간의 순기능적 의사소통과 사회적 지지가 반드시 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.117-143
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• 2017

This study empirically analyzed the factors that intensify the unequal distribution of relational goods through the decomposition of relational gaps and the actual condition of relational goods. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the average time for forming a relationship with family members or others is 158 minutes in 24 hours a day. Second, tobit regression analysis showed that relational goods time increased as they were employed, more family members, and ownership of their home. On the other hand, relational goods decreased when they were female, double-working, aged, divorced, and increased working time. The increase in household income decreased family relational goods, but increased the time with others. Based on the results of this analysis, this study proposed reduction of working time as a way to increase the happiness by sharing the relationship with meaningful people.