• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2008

Purpose: In order to enhance the efficiency of respiratory gated 4-dimensional radiation therapy for more regular and stable respiratory period and amplitude, a respiration training system was designed, and its efficacy was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The experiment was designed to measure the difference in respiration regularity following the use of a training system. A total of 11 subjects (9 volunteers and 2 patients) were included in the experiments. Three different breathing signals, including free breathing (free-breathing), guided breathing that followed training software (guided-breathing), and free breathing after the guided-breathing (post guided-breathing), were consecutively recorded in each subject. The peak-to-peak (PTP) period of the breathing signal, standard deviation (SD), peak-amplitude and its SD, area of the one cycle of the breathing wave form, and its root mean square (RMS) were measured and computed. Results: The temporal regularity was significantly improved in guided-breathing since the SD of breathing period reduced (free-breathing 0.568 vs guided-breathing 0.344, p=0.0013). The SD of the breathing period representing the post guided-breathing was also reduced, but the difference was not statistically significant (free-breathing 0.568 vs. guided-breathing 0.512, p=ns). Also the SD of measured amplitude was reduced in guided-breathing (free-breathing 1.317 vs. guided-breathing 1.068, p=0.187), although not significant. This indicated that the tidal volume for each breath was kept more even in guided-breathing compared to free-breathing. There was no change in breathing pattern between free-breathing and guided-breathing. The average area of breathing wave form and its RMS in postguided-breathing, however, was reduced by 7% and 5.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The guided-breathing was more stable and regular than the other forms of breathing data. Therefore, the developed respiratory training system was effective in improving the temporal regularity and maintaining a more even tidal volume.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.576-581
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• 2021

In the post-epidemic era, COVID-19 has not yet been fully controlled. Wearing masks is still the main means of epidemic prevention, and the negative effects brought by masks continue to continue. Wearing a mask for a long time can cause two problems. The first problem is hypoxia, and the other is an increase in psychological stress. To reduce the negative impact of masks, this paper proposes a new breathing mode. It is the "Umm~" vocal breathing mode, which simultaneously solves the two problems of hypoxia and increased stress. This paper explores the reasons why new breathing patterns can relieve stress. Explains the relationship between HRV and stress index and uses SDNN as an indicator to detect stress index to confirm the effectiveness of this breathing pattern. Experimental results prove that the "Umm~" vocal breathing mode can not only relieve the stress induced by wearing a mask. And when not wearing a mask, it can also be used to relieve daily stress. This method that anyone can easily implement should be more popularized.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 1998

이 연구의 목적은 IAPS(국제정저사진체계) 사진자극에 의해 유발된 각각의 주관적 정서상태에 특정적인 자율신경계 반응이 존재하는지를 규명하는 것이다. 부정적 정서(분노, 슬픔, 놀람)와 긍정적 정서(행복, 흥분)를 유발하는 IAPS사진을 각 60초 동안 제시하였을 때 유발되는 심박률, 호흡률, 피부전도반응을 측정하였다. 시각자극이 주어진 초리 30초 동안 통계적으로 유의미한 심박률 감속 및 호흡률 감소를 보여주었으며, 뚜렷한 피부전도반응이 출현하였다. 심박률 감속은 혐오보다 흥분에서 더 크게 나타났고, 피부전도반응의 진폭은 혐오보다 흥분에서 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 피부전도반응의 진폭이 상승하는 시간은 슬픔, 행복, 놀람보다 혐오에서 더 짧아지는 경향을 보여주었다. 이와 같은 자율신경계 반응(심박률, 호흡률, 피부전도반응)은 정서상태간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보여주며, 특정 정서상태에서 자율신경계 반응은 개인차가 있기는 하지만 전체적으로 매우 전형적인 반응패턴을 보여주었다. 본 연구의 결과는 정서 특정적인 자율신경계 반응이 존재할 가능성을 시사해주며, 생리신호분석을 통해서 심리적 정서를 결정할 수 있는 형판(template)의 구성을 위해서 다양한 자율신경계 정서반응의 지표를 포괄적으로 측정 분석하는 후속연구가 요구된다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2014

This study was conducted to find out the soil $CO_2$ emission characteristic due to rain fall pattern and intensity changes. Using Automatic Opening and Closing Chambers (AOCCs), we have measured annual soil respiration changes in Pinus koraiensis plantation at Seoul National University experimental forest in Mt. Taehwa. In addition, we have monitored heterotrophic respiration at trenching sites ($4{\times}6m$). Based on the one year data of soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration, we observed that 24% of soil respiration was derived from root respiration. During the rainy season (end of July to September), soil respiration at trenching site and trenching with rainfall interception site were measure during portable soil respiration analyzer (GMP343, Vaisala, Helsinki, Finland). Surprisingly, even after days of continuous heavy rain, soil water content did not exceed 20%. Based on this observation, we suggest that the maximum water holding capacity is about 20%, and relatively lower soil water contents during the dry season affect the vital degree of trees and soil microbe. As for soil respiration under different rain intensity, it was increased about 14.4% under 10 mm precipitation. But the high-intensity rain condition, such as more than 10 mm precipitation, caused the decrease of soil respiration up to 25.5%. Taken together, this study suggests that the pattern of soil respiration can be regulated by not only soil temperature but also due to the rain fall intensity.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to observe the realization of pause and breath groups from adult speakers and to examine how gender, generation, and tasks can affect this realization. For this purpose, we analyzed forty-eight male or female speakers. Their generation was divided into two groups: young, old. Task and gender affected both the realization of pause and breath groups. The length of the pause groups was longer in the read speech than in the spontaneous speech and female speech. On the other hand, the length of the breath group was longer in the spontaneous speech and the male speech. In the spontaneous speech, which requires planning, the speaker produced shorter length of pause group. The short sentence length of the reading material influenced the reason for which the length of the breath group was shorter in the reading speech. Gender difference resulted from difference in pause patterns between genders. In the case of the breath groups, the male speaker produced longer duration of pause than the female speaker did, which may be due to difference in lung capacity between genders. On the other hand, generation did not affect either the pause groups or the breath groups. The generation factor only influenced the number of syllables and the eojeols, which can be interpreted as the result of the difference in speech rate between generations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.833-835
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• 2014

On this study, we have developed respiratory training system to improve stability of respiration, one of the most important factors of Respiratory Gated Radiation Therapy, RGRT. Respiratory training system that we developed was applied to personal respiratory cycle so that it could provide comfortable respiratory triggering to patients. To give sufficient time for practice, we used modular portable device to practice easily and to be undetered by time and place. We have intended to improve efficiency and accuracy by providing it to patients. We are now planning to conduct experiment of 10 peoples to find out stability, degree of durability betterment and regularity of respiration when patients are using respiratory training system. There are three kinds of breathing style. First is free breathing that Individual patients can breathe freely. Second is guide breathing that patients apply to personal respiration cycle through the guiding sight and hearing program. Third is prediction breathing that patients breathe after respiratory training without guiding sight and hearing program. By using these 3 data of respiration method, we have evaluated usability of respiratory training system by quantitatively analyzing respiration period, amplitude and area's variation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to examine effects of stand age on soil $CO_2$ efflux in plantation Pinus koraiensis, and to elucidate what extent plant (fine) root and soil microbial biomass contribute to the whole soil $CO_2$ efflux. In three age classes (20-yr-old. 40-yr-old, 70-yr-old) of plantation Pinus koraiensis, in-situ soil respiration, plant fine root biomass and soil microbial biomass were measured from April to November in 2004. Regardless of stand age, soil temperature and soil $CO_2$ efflux increased until July then slowly decreased. Soil respiration was higher in 70-yr-old stand than in 20- and 40-yr stands. Fine root biomass and soil microbial biomass was also higher in 70-yr-old stand. Root exclusion decreased soil respiration in 40-yr stand, but not in 70-yr stand. Soil microbial biomass was higher in 70-yr stand, but there was no monthly variation between July and November. The results suggest that soil respiration may increase as plant stand ages and microbial contribution could play more roles in older stands.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.443-444
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• 2017

본 연구는 윌리엄 포사이드(William Forsythe)의 "One Flat Thing Reproduced"를 바르테니에프 펀더멘탈(Bartenieff Fundamentals)을 통해 그의 무용수들이 가지는 특징적인 움직임 패턴을 분석하였다. 본 연구 목적은 윌리엄 포사이드의 대표적인 안무적 특징인 역동성, 강인함과 공간적 조화로움을 가능하게 하는 그의 무용수들이 가지는 특징적인 움직임 패턴을 알아보기 위함이다. 연구결과 윌리엄 포사이드는 호흡을 안무의 요소로 사용하였고, 상-하체분리패턴은 포사이드 움직임의 특징적인 요소로 관찰되었으며, 서포트(Support)가 있는 듀엣(Duet) 움직임에서는 신체반쪽연결패턴을 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 역동성, 강인함과 공간적 조화로움이 깊은 관련이 있을 것으로 보여 진다. 더 많은 사례를 통해 움직임 패턴을 연구한다면 에너지 표현에 직접 적용 가능한 패턴들을 구체적으로 밝혀내어 안무를 하는데 있어 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.491-498
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• 2022

In our daily life, quality of sleeping is closely related to happiness index. Whether or not people perceive sleep disturbance as a chronic disease, people complain of many difficulties, and in their daily life, they often experience difficulty breathing during sleep. It is very important to automatically recognize breathing-related disorders during a sleep, but it is very difficult in reality. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a mobile-based non-contact sleeping monitoring for health management at home. Respiratory signals during the sleep are collected by using the sound sensor of the smartphone, the characteristics of the signals are extracted, and the frequency, amplitude, respiration rate, and pattern of respiration are analyzed. Although mobile health does not solve all problems, it aims at early detection and continuous management of individual health conditions, and shows the possibility of monitoring physiological data such as respiration during the sleep without additional sensors with a smartphone in the bedroom of an ordinary home.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.139-140
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• 2003

성대 결절 환자들은 잘못된 발성 패턴으로 인한 음성의 오용과 남용이 질환의 원인인 경우가 대부분이다. 관찰할 수 있는 발성 패턴은 성대 내근과 외후두근의 사용, 인두, 혀, 턱의 움직임, 호흡 방법, 억양의 변화 등 다양하다. 이러한 발성 패턴이 하나 혹은 그 이상 잘못 되어 있을 경우에는 후두에 좋지 않은 영향을 미쳐 기능성 후두 질환, 성대 결절, 성대 폴립 등의 기질적 질환과 연계될 수 있다. 성대 결절에서 일반적으로 관찰되는 발성 패턴으로는 성대 전체를 강하게 접촉하여 발성하는 경우와 반대로 성대 수직면 위쪽 즉 상순쪽만 가볍게 부딪혀서 발성하는 경우로 나타난다. 두 경우 모두에서 성대 결절이 발생하며 그 기와 위치가 조금씩 달라지게 된다. 이렇게 성대 결절이 발생했을 경우 널리 제시되고 있는 치료 방법으로 환자의 잘못된 발성 습관에 대한 상담과 함께 하품-한숨 접근법이나 노래 조로 말하기, 저작하기와 같은 성대 접촉을 줄일 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 그러나 성대 접촉이 되지 않아 발생된 성대 결절 환자의 경우는 일시적으로 결절의 크기는 줄일 수 있을 것이나 치료 결과가 유지되는 측면의 고려가 부족한 것이 사실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 성대 결절 환자들의 발성 패턴을 관찰하고 그 상태에 따라 음성 치료를 접근하여 치료 결과 및 유지 효과를 확인하고자 한다. (중략)