• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2006

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is considered to be an important component in the progression of inflammation. Monocytes/macrophages are prominent at inflammation sites, and activation of these cells by stimulants such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to the production of significant amounts of MMP-9. Here, we show that LPS-induced MMP-9 production and activation was inhibited by the water extract from the fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis (CS), the root of Polygonum cuspidatum (PC), but increased by the extract from Boswellia carterii (BC). To investigate the mechanism by which those extracts inhibits MMP-9 activation, we examined the level of MMP-9 mRNA expression. We observed a significant change in the MMP-9 expression between LPS alone and LPS plus Chaenomeles sinensis and Polygonum cuspidatum extracts-treated cells. In addition, LPS significantly up-regulated MMP-9 promoter activity in Raw 264.7 cells, which was attenuated by the CS and PS extracts. However, water extracts from Boswellia carterii increased MMP-9 expression and MMP-9 promoter activity which were induced by LPS treatment in Raw 264.7 cells. These data suggest that water extracts from Chaenomeles sinensis and Polygonum cuspidatum can modulate anti-inflammatory immune response, which may be in part associated with the regulation of MMP-9 production and/or activation through the regulation of MMP-9 expression in mouse macrophage cells.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.264-278
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• 2010

This study was carried out to describe the basic materials of the flora and vegetation for the conservation and management of the Dokdo ecosystem. The vegetation types were investigated by physionomy. 53 taxa of vascular plants were found, including 29 families, 48 genera, 49 species, 1subspecies, and 3 varieties. Among the investigated 53 taxa, it was recorded as follows: 2 Korean endemic plants included Sedum kamtschaticum var. takesimense M.Park and Campanula takesimana Nakai and 6 naturalized plants included Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., Sonchus oleraceus L., Bromus catharticus Vahl, Lepidium virginicumL., Chenopodium album L., and Ipomoea purpurea Roth. In particular, common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea Roth) was reported for the first time in this survey of Dokdo. Based on physionomy, the main plant communities of Dokdo Island were Aster spathulifolius-Sedum oryzifolium community, Aster spathulifolius-Artemisia Japonica subsp. littoricola community, Fallopia sachalinensis-Cyrtomium falcatum community, Echinochloa crusgalli community, Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola community. The debates have been continuing about a mis-identification of plants. To avoid this debate and manage naturalized and cultivated plants, taxonomist surveys and continual monitoring for the Island are required.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2022

섬괴불나무(Lonicera insularis Nakai)는 인동과(Caprifoliaceae) 인동속(Lonicera) 식물로 우리나라 울릉도에 제한적으로 분포한다. 인동과 식물 중 인동(L. japonica Thunb.), 괴불나무[L. maackii (Rupr.) Maxim] 등 다수의 분류군이 약리효능이 입증되었으며, 맛이 뛰어나 차, 술, 음료 등으로 다양하게 활용되고 있다. 그 중 섬괴불나무는 최근 면역자극 및 항비만 활성 등 다양한 약효가 확인되어 약용자원으로서의 잠재적 가치가 큰 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 특산식물인 섬괴불나무의 적정 자생지를 명확하게 구명하여 보전생물학적 연구, 재배 및 산업화와 같은 현지 외 보전연구를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. 연구 결과, 울릉도에서 확인된 섬괴불나무의 주요 분포지는 4개소로 해안도로 일대에 자생하고 있었다. 입지환경은 해발고도 8-20 m, 사면 방위는 남사면, 경사는 15-30°로 완경사지에서 주로 자생하고 있었다. 방형구(10×10 m) 내 개체수는 5-25 개체로 대부분 군락을 이루고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 4개 조사구에 대한 군집분석을 실시한 결과, 조사구는 곰솔 군집(Pinus thunbergii Parl.)으로 상층의 발달이 거의 없는 전형적인 해안 식생의 구조로 확인되었다. 관목층은 보리장나무(Elaeagnus glabra Thunb.), 송악[Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Bean], 머루(Vitis coignetiae Pulliat ex Planch.) 등이 경쟁관계에 있었으며, 초본층은 왕호장근[Reynoutria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Nakai], 갯메꽃[Calystegia soldanella (L.) R.Br], 해국(Aster spathulifolius Maxim.) 등으로 인하여 섬괴불나무는 피압된 것으로 판단된다. 군집의 안전성, 다양성을 나타내는 척도인 종다양성지수는 1.259, 최대종다양성지수는 1.286, 균재도는 0.979, 우점도는 0.021로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.605-610
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• 2003

According to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, leukemia is a malignant disease (cancer) that originates in a cell in the marrow. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of developing marrow cells. There are two major classifications of leukemia: myelogenous or lymphocytic, which can each be acute or chronic. The terms myelogenous or lymphocytic denote the cell type involved. Thus, four major types of leukemia are: acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma are considered to be related cancers because they involve the uncontrolled growth of cells with similar functions and origins. The diseases result from an acquired (not inherited) genetic injury to the DNA of a single cell, which becomes abnormal (malignant) and multiplies continuously. In the United States, about 2,000 children and 27,000 adults are diagnosed each year with leukemia. Treatment for cancer may include one or more of the following: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological therapy, surgery and bone marrow transplantation. The most effective treatment for leukemia is chemotherapy, which may involve one or a combination of anticancer drugs that destroy cancer cells. Specific types of leukemia are sometimes treated with radiation therapy or biological therapy. Common side effects of most chemotherapy drugs include hair loss, nausea and vomiting, decreased blood counts and infections. Each type of leukemia is sensitive to different combinations of chemotherapy. Medications and length of treatment vary from person to person. Treatment time is usually from one to two years. During this time, your care is managed on an outpatient basis at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center or through your local doctor. Once your protocol is determined, you will receive more specific information about the drug(s) that Will be used to treat your leukemia. There are many factors that will determine the course of treatment, including age, general health, the specific type of leukemia, and also whether there has been previous treatment. there is considerable interest among basic and clinical researchers in novel drugs with activity against leukemia. the vast history of experience of traditional oriental medicine with medicinal plants may facilitate the identification of novel anti leukemic compounds. In the present investigation, we studied 31 kinds of anti leukemic medicinal plants, which its pharmacological action was already reported through many experimental articles and oriental medical book: 『pharmacological action and application of anticancer traditional chinese medicine』 In summary: Used leukemia cellline are HL60, HL-60, Jurkat, Molt-4 of human, and P388, L-1210, L615, L-210, EL-4 of mouse. 31 kinds of anti leukemic medicinal plants are Panax ginseng C.A Mey; Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc; Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc; Aloe ferox Mill; Phorboc diester; Tripterygium wilfordii Hook .f.; Lycoris radiata (L Her)Herb; Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; Lilium brownii F.E. Brown Var; Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.; Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels; Asparagus cochinensis (Lour. )Merr; Isatis tinctoria L.; Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet; Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.; Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim; Dioscorea opposita Thumb; Schisandra chinensis (Rurcz. )Baill.; Auium Sativum L; Isatis tinctoria, L; Ligustisum Chvanxiong Hort; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch; Euphorbia Kansui Liou; Polygala tenuifolia Willd; Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth; Chelidonium majus L; Rumax madaeo Mak; Sophora Subprostmousea Chunet T.ehen; Strychnos mux-vomical; Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.et Maxim.)Harms; Rubia cordifolia L. Anti leukemic compounds, which were isolated from medicinal plants are ginsenoside Ro, ginsenoside Rh2, Emodin, Yuanhuacine, Aleemodin, phorbocdiester, Triptolide, Homolycorine, Atractylol, Colchicnamile, Paeonol, Aspargus polysaccharide A.B.C.D, Indirubin, Leonunrine, Acinosohic acid, Trichosanthin, Ge 132, Schizandrin, allicin, Indirubin, cmdiumlactone chuanxiongol, 18A glycyrrhetic acid, Kansuiphorin A 13 oxyingenol Kansuiphorin B. These investigation suggest that it may be very useful for developing more effective anti leukemic new dregs from medicinal plants.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.361-373
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• 1999

Objectives: Receive Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve with the area under the ROC curve(AUC) is one of the most popular indicator to evaluate the criterion validity of the measurement tool. This study was conducted to develop a standardized questionnaire to discriminate workers at high-risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders using ROC analysis. Methods: The diagnostic results determined by rehabilitation medicine specialists in 370 persons(89 shipyard CAD workers, 113 telephone directory assistant operators, 79 women with occupation, and 89 housewives) were compared with participant's own replies to 'the questionnair on the worker's subjective physical symptoms'(Kwon, 1996). The AUC's from four models with different methods in item selection and weighting were compared with each other. These 4 models were applied to 225 persons, working in an assembly line of motor vehicle, for the purpose of AUC reliability test. Results: In a weighted model with 11 items, the AUC was 0.8155 in the primary study population, and 0.8026 in the secondary study population(p=0.3780). It was superior in the aspects of discriminability, reliability and convenience. A new questionnaire of musculoskeletal disorder could be constructed by this model. Conclusion: A more valid questionnaire with a small number of items and the quantitative weight scores useful for the relative comparisons are the main results of this study. While the absolute reference value applicable to the wide range of populations was not estimated, the basic intent of this study, developing a surveillance fool through quantitative validation of the measures, would serve for the systematic disease prevention activities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1383-1392
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• 2021

It has been reported that emodin, a major pharmacologically active ingredient of herbal medicines such as Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonum multiflorum, Rheum palmatum, and Aloe vera, is effective in antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and liver protection. In this study, to investigate the potential of emodin to be used as a skin disease and functional material, the activity related to the improvement of inflammation and skin barrier function was confirmed. To observe the anti-inflammatory effect on HaCaT cells, which are human keratinocytes, cytokine inhibition was confirmed by ELISA kit and protein expression by western blot. In HaCaT cells activated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL)/IFN-γ (10 ng/mL), emodin was treated with each concentration (5, 10, 20, 40) µM. As a result, It was confirmed that the production amount of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 decreased as the concentration of emodin increased. In the experimental results on the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins iNOS and COX-2, it was confirmed that 48% of iNOS and 29% of COX-2 were inhibited compared to control at a concentration of 20 µM of emodin. As an indicator of skin barrier function improvement, the mRNA expression level of filaggrin, involucrin, and loricirn and the production amount of filaggrin, involucrin, and loricirn were confirmed. and excellent results were obtained with an emodin concentration-dependent increase. In particular, filaggrin, which was produced twice as much as the control at a concentration of 20 µM, is a protein involved in the formation of NMF, a natural moisturizing factor, and is known to play an important role in moisturizing the stratum corneum. In conclusion, it was confirmed that emodin can be used as a material for improving inflammation and improving skin barrier function, which is part of the potential for use as a skin disease and functional material. It is believed that if additional research is performed in the future, the scope of its application can be further expanded.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2013

We investigated the effect of extracts($50{\mu}g/mL$) from 31 folk plants in Ulleung Island on nitric oxide(NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Actinidia arguta(leaf, twig), Hovenia dulcis(leaf), Camellia japonica(leaf, twig), Sambucus sieboldiana var. pendula(leaf, twig) and Fallopia sachalinensis(root) showed significant NO inhibition activity(42%~88% NO inhibition rate). Of them, we selected 3 samples(A. arguta, H. dulcis and C. japonica) showing more than 50% NO inhibition activity and little effect on cell viability. We found that the extracts suppressed the NO and prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ produced by LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells in dose-dependent manners.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.545-563
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• 2007

The investigated vascular plants of Dok-do island were confirmed that consisted of 46 species, 1 subspecies, 1 varieties in total of 48 taxa growing spontaneously. 1 taxa of Pteridophyta, 36 taxa of Dicotyledon and 11 taxa of Monocotyledon identified. In 48 identified taxa in this study, total 13 taxa included Orobanche coerulescens Stephan, Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Rouse Decr., Lonicera insularis Nakai identified according to the Korean plant taxa for environmental assessment. Planting species were about 10 taxa included Pinus thunbergii Parl., Hibiscus syriacus L. and etc. Four species confirmed in this study such as between Chenopodium virgatum Thunb. and Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P.Beauv. and Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola (Vasinger) Ohwi. were doubt on identification in taxonomic entity due to morphological characteristics. The dispersion type of Do-kdo plants were anemochore 31 taxa, zoodchore 8 taxa, hydrochore 2 taxa and the others by artificial means.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.658-668
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to develop a technique for the cultivar discrimination using SSR markers in soybean. A total of 91 soybean cultivars developed from 1913 to 2002 in Korea were evaluated by five polymorphic SSR markers (Sat_043, Sat_036, Sat_022, Sat_088 and Satt045). Five SSR markers generated a total of 64 alleles and the number of alleles for each SSR marker ranged from 10 to 15 with average of 12.8. Polymorphic information contents (PIC) by five markers of 91 cultivars were ranged from 0.790 to 0.905 with average of 0.857. A total of 82 cultivars (90%) among 91 soybean cultivars could be individually discriminated by combination of five SSR markers through five step analysis. A cultivar, Buseok, by Sat_043 at the first step, 34 cultivars including Hojangkong by Sat_036 at the second step, 29 cultivars including Dankyeongkong by Sat_022 at the third step, 12 cultivars including Sinpaldalkong 2 by Sat_088 at the fourth step, and 6 cultivars including Saebyeolkong by Satt045 at the fifth step were discriminated. Soybean cultivars which were not discriminated by SSR markers could be discriminated by morphological characteristics.