• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 1969

An ichneumon-fly, Megarhyssa jezoensis Matsumura, was found as a parasite of Sirex nitobei Matsumura, a pest insect of the walnut, Juglans sinensis Maximowicz, at Ye-San, Choong-Nam province, middle Korea. The life cycle of Megarhyssa jezoensis was as follows: 1. It occurred three times a year. The adults appear at the end of April to the middle of May (maximum on 5th May) after hibernation, at the beginning to the middle of July (maximum on 10 th July) in the first generatioin, and at the end of September to the end of October (maximum on 8 th October) in the second. 2. The larvae grew from the beginning of May to the end of June in the first generation, from the middle of July to the beginning of September in the second and from the beginning of October to the end of the year in the last. 3. The pupae developed from the end of June to the middle of July and from the end of August to the middle of September. 4. The adults oviposited their eggs on the surface of the host, the larvae in Sirex nitobei growing in the stem of the walnut, and the larvae hatched from the eggs were ectoparasiting the larvae of Sirex to grow and pupate. The parasite hibernated in the pupal stage but the adult which emerged at the early spring stayed in the hole of the walnut stem till the end of April.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.663-670
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• 1997

Four kinds of commercial vinegars were investigated to compare physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, color, tannin and metal content), minor components (free sugar, free amino and organic acid), and their organoleptic tastes. The ratio of nonvolatile organic acid to the total organic acid was decreased in the order of brewed, cider, brown rice, and persimmon vinegar. Especially malic acid content was appeared to be highly remarkable in cider vinegar. Glucose and fructose were the predominant components among free sugars regardless of the kinds of vinegar. Free amino acid contents in cider, brown rice and persimmon vinegars have shown a little deviation among the same kind of vinegar samples, but were obviously more abundant than those in brewed vinegars. Color preference, sourness and sweetness of the vinegars were not statistically different (p>0.05) among four kinds of vinegars, whereas overall taste preference, background taste preference and intensity showed significant differences (p<0.05) with respect to the type of vinegar. Brewed and cider vinegars have revealed higher sensory scores in overall and background taste preference than the persimmon and brown rice vinegars. Even though there were no high relationships between minor components and organoleptic taste in commercial vinegars the ratio of acetic acid to the total organic acid was significantly correlated (p<0.01) with the overall taste preference.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.833-855
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• 2017

This study aims to reinvestigate the reason for introducing radian as a new unit to express the size of angles, what is the meaning of radian measures to use arc lengths as angle measures, and why is the domain of trigonometric functions expanded to real numbers for expressing general angles. For this purpose, it was conducted historical, mathematical and applied mathematical analyzes in order to research at multidisciplinary analysis of the radian concept. As a result, the following were revealed. First, radian measure is intrinsic essence in angle measure. The radian is itself, and theoretical absolute unit. The radian makes trigonometric functions as real functions. Second, radians should be aware of invariance through covariance of ratios and proportions in concentric circles. The orthogonality between cosine and sine gives a crucial inevitability to the radian. It should be aware that radian is the simplest standards for measuring the length of arcs by the length of radius. It can find the connection with sexadecimal method using the division strategy. Third, I revealed the necessity by distinction between angle and angle measure. It needs justification for omission of radians and multiplication relationship strategy between arc and radius. The didactical suggestions derived by these can reveal the usefulness and value of the radian concept and can contribute to the substantive teaching of radian measure.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.101-113
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze students misunderstood types relate to trigonometric function and to devise its teaching method using GSP. To do this, we performed several steps as followings: First, we performed questionnaire survey to 70 students belong to second year at high school to find students comprehension degree about radian angle representation and trigonometric function graph. Second, we devised the teaching-learning materials relate to trigonometric function graph using GSP. And then, we used them in the class of 35 students who are at the time to learn trigonometric function in the first year at high school. Third, we conducted Questionnaire survey to students studied through teaching and learning materials using GSP. As a result of doing the survey, we found that general students were interested in the class using GSP and they could also operate computer without difficulty.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 1982

This study was carried out to promote percent survival of the walnut seedling grafting. The hardwood scions of the walnut were grafted on the nures seed-stock of the Juglans mandshurica Mat in an electric heating bed, then planted in field. The results obtained from the study were as follows : The optimum time of scion cpllection was from January to February. The best medium of the seed bed was sandy soil. The best grafting time was form the early to the 20the of the march. When the grafted seedling in the heating bed was trans-planted on filed 90percent of the seedlings was survived until autmn. The percent grafting on the elective heating bed was 90%. Crown gall occuring frequently in chestnut nurse graft was not appeared in juglans mandshurica Max grafted seedling of after outplanting. The grafted seedlings have not shown any physiological defects but developed normaly 3 years since grafting.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to applicate fundamental data for breeding new cultivar through selection of superior individuals and to investigate its nut characteristics in walnut hybrids. Selection of superior individuals with good nut qualities including high nut weight (NWT, >13g) and percentage of weight relative to total weight of nut (PWR, >50%) was carried out and then 4 promising individuals ($Sansung 4{\times}Concord-8,\;Concord{\times}Sansungl,\;Concord{\times}Sansung4\;and\;McKinster{\times}Punghan1$) were selected by quantitative characters. Especially width of pad of suture was main factor in selection of nut with high PWR (percentage of weight relative to total weight of nut) In addition, kernel length showed high correlation with kernel and nut weight. Thickness of septem (TOP) also had an effect on ease of kernel removal (EKR). In qualitative characters, there is a great difference among the individuals and cross combinations as well as showed simultaneously various characteristics in the same individual.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2011

Objective: Diurnal preference is an attribute reflecting whether people are alert and preferring to be active either early or late in the day. It also referred to as chronotype or morningness-eveningness trait. The PER3 genes have been known to influence diurnal preference. In this study, we have investigated the associations between the PER3 gene polymorphisms and diurnal preference in a healthy young population, controlling for the social and environmental confounding factors. Methods: The participants in this experiment included 299 unrelated medical college students (M=191, F=108), with a mean age of 22.9 years. Diurnal preference was measured by a single administration of the 13-item Composite Scale for Morningness (CSM). Genotyping of the PER3 VNTR (rs57875989) was performed using polymerase chain reaction. A two-tailed alpha of 0.05 was chosen. Results: The mean${\pm}$SD score on the CSM scale for all subjects was 31.90${\pm}$6.39. There was no significant difference in total CSM score between gender groups, although females showed a trend towards higher morningness score. Although PER3 5R/5R showed the tendency towards high CSM scores, there were no significant differences on CSM scores among genotypes and allele status of PER3 VNTR (rs57875989). Conclusions: We could not confirm that the PER3 VNTR is associated with diurnal preference in a Korean healthy young population. The future studies need to investigate the association between diurnal preference and other polymorphisms of PER3 gene in larger sample of Korean young healthy population.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.647-659
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• 2018

'Waiting for a Thousand Years & Mingling with World People-Gangneung Danoje Festival 2017 as an Important Intangible Cultural Property' is the festival with the longest history in Korea. In spite of its historical value, however, there are not many academic researches on the value of festival brand equity. Thus, the objective of this study is to empirically analyze the influence relationship between selection attributes of festival storytelling, brand equity, brand attitude, and brand loyalty through the structural equation model. Regarding the spatial scope of thesis material, a survey was conducted focusing on 657 tourists visiting the Gangneung Danoje Festival. In the results of verifying the hypotheses in accordance with the structural equation model, the selection attributes of festival storytelling had effects on the brand equity, and the brand equity had effects on the brand attitude and brand loyalty while the brand attitude had effects on the brand loyalty. Based on such results of this study, the implications could be suggested as follows. First, the local contents culture should be developed together with local experts and residents by finding its local custom. Second, the brand equity that could prioritize the strategy of characteristics should be increased by emphasizing the selection attributes of storytelling. Third, the phased development should be achieved through local residents' open participation by dividing roles of experts and non-experts as festival manpower.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

The production characteristics of activated carbon from waste walnut shell have been investigated by taking activation temperature, activation time, amount of activating agent, and kind of activating agent as the major influential factors. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon which was produced using phosphoric acid as the activating agent increased with activation temperature and showed its greatest value at about $550^{\circ}C$. Yield for activated carbon was observed to decrease continuously as the activation temperature was raised. The optimal activation time for the highest adsorption capacity was found to be about 2 hr, and as the activation time increased the yield for activated carbon was showed to decrease continuously. The increase in the amount of activating agent resulted in the increase of the yield for activated carbon, however, excessive amount of activating agent deteriorated its adsorption capacity reversely. The variations of the microstructure of activated carbon observed by SEM with several influential factors, correlated very well with its changes in the adsorbability with the same factors and the kind of activating agent was found to play an important role in the determination of the adsorption capacity of activated carbon. To investigate the adsorption characteristics of the produced activated carbon, the adsorption reactions of $Cu^{2+}$ ion were examined using the produced activated carbon as the adsorbent. In general, the kinetics of the adsorption of $Cu^{2+}$ ion was observed to follow a 2nd-order reaction and the rate constant for adsorption reaction increased as the initial concentration of adsorbate was diminished. The equilibrium adsorption of $Cu^{2+}$ was explained well with Freundlich model and its adsorption reaction was found to be endothermic. The activation energy for adsorption was calculated to be 13.07 kcal/mol, which implied that the adsorption reaction was very irreversible, and several thermodynamic parameters of adsorption reaction were estimated using van't. Hoff equation and thermodynamic relationships.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 1984

In order to see the effect of various factors on the success of grafting of walnut, a modified cleft grafting experiment has been conducted with Juglans sinensis Dode, J. regia (persian walnut), J. regiu (carpathian walnut), J. mandshurica, J. nigra and five cultivars of Carpathian walnut as "HANSEN", "METCALFE" "SCHOOL", "ILL CRATH", "LAKE" in a large green house equipped with automatic environmental control system in which temperature of the grafting bed at $28^{\circ}C$ and 85-100% for humidity during the period of January 1981-June 1983. As results of the experiments, the following facts were observed. 1) Hteroplastic grafting was proved to be more successful than homoplastic grafting with all five species tested among the J. regia (carpathian walnut), J. regia (persian walnut), J. sinensis, J. mondshurica, J. nigra. 2) It was interesting to notice that results hight survival of graft high as 99.33-100% with heteroplastic grafting when "Persian Walnut" and "Carpathian Walnut" was grafted on the stock of J. mandshurica and J. nigra. 3) A statistical significance of 5% Level was recognized in the above stocks among five species of homoplastic grafting with heteroplastic grafting and no significance among the scions. 4) The heteroplastic grafting when five cultivars of Carpathian Walnut as above as was grafted on the stock of Juglans nigra and J. mandshurica resulting high survival of graft as high as 85.33-100%. 5) As conclusion, the heteroplastic grafts of Carpathian Walnut and Persian Walnut was grafted on the stock of Juglans nigra and Jugdans mandshurica, the graft union, between stock and scion completed, in short period and was followed by a vigorous growth as well as "Cross Breeding", or hybrization, became apparent, with different desirable traits which could he used to cultivate a Later generation that combined these characteristics.