• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1979.10a
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• pp.233.2-234
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• 1979

일본에서는 분뇨를 비료로서 오래동안 사용해왔으나 1954년 일본학술회의가 $\ulcorner$분뇨처리타개책$\lrcorner$을 정부에 권고하여 그해 $\ulcorner$청소법$\lrcorner$이 제정되고, 비료로서의 분뇨의 안전화$.$안정화를 도모해온 역사에 의하여 이들 일반폐기물로서 분뇨를 처리한다는 방향이 정해졌다 그리하여 수회에 결쳐 분뇨처리 시설의 구조기준이 정해졌는데 1977년에는 $\ulcorner$분뇨 처리시설구조지침$\lrcorner$이 나오게 되고 현재까지의 기술의 집대성이 등장하게 된 것이다. 이 지침에 나타나 있는 바는 다음과 같다. 1) 혐기성소화방식 2) 호기성처리방식 a. 호기성소화처리방식 b. 희석폭기처리방식 c. 일반활성오이처리방식 d. 이단활성오이처리방식 3) 무리화학적처리방식 습식산화처리방식 이들 중 혐기성소화방식은 악취때문에 환경에 나쁜 영향을 주는 경우가 많으므로 현재 그 건설수는 감소하고 있다. 습식산화방식은 한국에서 수개시설이 건설되어 있고 연구도 진행되고 있는 것으로 듣고 있다. 저자들은 호기성소화처리를 중심으로 한 호기성처리법의 연구를 1969년 이래 실시해왔는데, 최근의 시설은 호기성처리의 방식을 채택하는 경우가 주로 많아지고 있다. 따라서 호기성처리법에 대하여, 저자등의 연구를 중심으로 한 일본의 연구자의 성과를 소개하겠다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1135-1142
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate of aerobic granulation by using aerobic granular reactor. To make aerobic granular sludge in short period of time, we used polymer. In reactor, we have studied on physicochemical characteristics of particle size, density, and microbial secreting polymer depending on aerobic particle's formation. The results of running aerobic granular reactor with 3, 6, 9 $kg{\cdot}COD/m^3{\cdot}d$ of COD loading rate and 35 days reaction time showed that particle size were 3.6 mm, 4.3 mm, and 3.4 mm respectively. The settling velocities were 1.5 cm/s, 1.6 cm/s, and 1.2 cm/s respectively. The microbic growth rates were 0.12 $d^{-1}$, 0.135 $d^{-1}$, and 0.133 $d^{-1}$ respectively. The overall result of aerobic granular reactor showed that $6kg{\cdot}COD/m^3{\cdot}d$ of COD loading rate had optimal physicochemical characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.124-129
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• 1999

지난 몇 십년간 생물계 폐기물 호기성 처리의 경제적이고 실용적인 공법으로 가축분뇨처리에 적용되어온 유기성 폐자원의 호기성 분해공정은 축산환경 보전, 지력증강 자원의 고갈 및 지구온난화문제 등에 의해서 더욱 주목받아 오고 있다. 특히, 기존의 호기성 고형폐기물 처리시설에서 저투입, 고효율의 처리시설을 개발하여 보다 많은 숙성퇴비를 얻을 수 있는 통기퇴적식 퇴비화 시설은 강제통풍 통기방식으로 호기성 미생물의 분해시간을 단축하고 암모니아가스 휘산을 저감하는 등의 탁월한 처리효율을 나타내었다(Brinton et al., 1995). (중략)

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.139-150
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• 2006

Landfilling is one of the most widely used methods for the final disposal of solid wastes. Landfilled wastes are degraded by residing microorganisms and the microbial degradation is affected by many factors such as moisture, oxygen, pH, alkalinity, sulphate, nutrient, temperature, and so on. Especially among these factor, oxygen and moisture within aerobic landfill play a major role in microbial degradation. In this study, 1) the effects of oxygen on the velocity of waste degradation and 2) the effect of moisture on the degradation of municipal solids waste (MSW) in aerobic condition were investigated. It was found that the BOD and CODcr concentration from the leachate of aerobic lysimeters dropped faster by 80 days after the start of the test compared to those from the anaerobic lysimeters. To see the effect of moisture, four aerobic lysimeters filled with MSW and four different levels of moisture (20, 30, 40, and 50%) were installed. From this test, higher moisture in MSW produced higher $CO_2$ concentration, meaning moisture was effective for the microbial degradation. thus, we concluded that higher moisture level in the aerobic landfill might help early-stabilization microbial degradation.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 1991.04a
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.82-87
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• 2000

생물학적 슬러지를 대상으로 간헐포기 소화와 호기성 소화의 회분실험을 실시하였다. 생물학적 슬러지의 간헐포기 및 호기성 소화 초기단계에서 미생물의 감량은 주로 내생 호흡에 의해 이루어졌다. 이 단계에서 질소는 곧바로 용출되지 않고 슬러지내에 잔존함으로서 슬러지의 질소함량은 일시적으로 증가한다. 그러나 소화후반에서는 최초의 질소함량수준으로 다시 감소하였다. 34일간의 회분식 소화에서 호기성 소화의 총질소 제거효율은 0.1%로서 거의 제거가 안된 반면, 포기 비율 0.25, 05 및 0.75인 간헐포기 소화에서는 각각 42.7%, 42.5% 및 17.6%로 나타나 간헐포기 소화가 호기성 소화보다 질소 제거측면에서 우수하였다. VSS의 감소에 따라 슬러지내의 인도 수중으로 용출하였으나, 인 용출율은 VSS 감소율 보다 훨씬 낮았고 그 결과 소화슬러지의 인 함량은 지속적으로 증가하였다. 호기성 소화와 간헐포기 소화는 소화슬러지의 인 함량이 증가하는 공정이므로 반송수의 인 부하는 상대적으로 낮아지게 되고 이는 하수의 영양염류 제거측면에서 긍정적인 효과를 미칠 것으로 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.263-267
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• 1997

Red seabream strips were decontaminated by dipping with solutions of 0.25~1.0% acetic, lactic, or citric acids for 5min. Control strips were dipped with tap water only for 5min. All strips were individually placed in plastic bags and stored at 4$^{\circ}C$. Acetic acid(AA) treatments were completely inhibited aerobic spoilage bacteria(areobic plate count : APC) compared to the initial controls for 6 days. Treatments of either lactic acid(LA) or citric acid(CA) completely inhibited APC compared to the initial controls for 3 days. Red seabream strips treated with AA extended microbiological shelf-life for 12 days.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.180-184
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• 2000

Tn order to be helpful to control dispersed microorganisms for stabLlization of wastewater treatment in a paper-makillg process, dominant strains were isolated aerobically and anaerobically. and identified and physiological characteristics were also analyzed. Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Cardiobacten'm hominis, lvIicrococcus lylae, XanfomonCls campestris p" juglandis, Micrococcus diversus, and Comamonas terrigencl as aerobic dominants, and Streptococcus bovis and Prevotella buccae as anaerobIc dominants were identified fi'om the supernatent of the primary settling tank. It seemed that microflora in the treatment process would consist of many kinds of microorganisms, whose dominant would change easily according to environmental conditions, They all grew well at $37^{\circ}C$ and at different initial medium pH's. Especially, some of them required sulfate ion for their growth, which came from a chemical coagulant of aluminium sulfate in the primary settling tank. Interestingly. many anaerobes grew well even in the aerobic wastewater treatment process and seemed to have some functions. Population of anaerobes increased three times in the supematant of primary settling tank and ten times in Lhe bottom sludge of primary settling tank than in the prime wastewater. Therefore, these anaerobes contributed to the producH tion of offensive gases, which would make some microorganisms not precLpitate and be buoyant.

• Environmental engineer
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• s.93
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• pp.14-17
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• 1994

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2007

Microorganisms participate in a variety of geochemical processes such as weathering and formation of minerals, leaching of precious metals from minerals, and cycling of organic matter The objective of this study was to investigate biogeochemical processes of iron leaching from magnetite ore by iron-reducing bacteria isolated from intertidal flat sediments, southwestern part of Korea. Microbial iron leaching experiments were performed using magnetite ore, Shinyemi magnetite ore, in well-defined media with and without bacteria at room temperature for a month. Water soluble Fe and Mn during the leaching experiments were determined by ICP analysis of bioleached samples, and the resulting precipitated solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The extent of iron leaching from magnetite in the aerobic conditions (Fe = 15 mg/L and Mn = 3.41 mg/L) was lower than that in the anaerobic environments (Fe = 32.8 mg/L and Mn = 5.23 mg/L). The medium pH typically decreased from 8.3 to 7.2 during a month incubation. The Eh of the initial medium decreased from +144.9 mV to -331.7 mV in aerobic environments and from -2.3 mV to -494.6 mV in anaerobic environments upon incubation with the metal reducing microorganisms. The decrease in pH is due to glucose fermentation producing organic acids and $CO_2$. The ability of bacteria to leach soluble iron from crystalline magnetite could have significant implications for biogeochemical processes in sediments where Fe(III) in magnetite represents the largest pool of electron acceptor as well as to use as a novel biotechnology for leaching precious and heavy metals from raw materials.