• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.401-418
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• 2007

We performed the numerical analyses of thirty two morphological characters for twenty four populations of eight Korean Ilex L. taxa. Principal component analyses showed that the first three principal components were related to the total covariance by 67.0%, and the proportions of PCl, PC2 and PC3 were 31.5%, 21.1%, and 14.4%, respectively. And the closely related characteristics to the PCl, PC2 and PC3 were some reproductive characters such as the morphology of sepal, petal, anther, pistil and fruits and vegetative characters such as the morphology of petiol and leaf margin, the trichomes on the twigs, the leaf duration. From the two dimensional plottings by the eigenvalues of PCl, PC2 and PC3, six grouped were clustered as Ilex integra, I cornuta, I x wandoensis, I. rotunda, I. macropoda and I. macropoda for. pseudomacropoda, I. crenata and I. crenata var. microphilla. The numerical analysis was useful for the taxonomy of Korean Ilex because it clearly seperated the populations of taxa included in this study. The identification key was provided with the diagnostic characters.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.540-548
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• 2011

Characteristics of leaf morphology was examined in 11 natural populations of Acer pictum subsp. mono (Maxim.) Ohashi in Korea. Nested Anova showed that there were statistically significant differences among populations as well as among individuals within populations in all 14 quantitative characters. In all the leaf characters, variance components among individuals within populations were higher than those among populations. Some morphological characters such as the ration of Blade length to Petiole length (0.90), Uower lobe width (0.85), Blade length (0.83), and Middle lobe width (0.83) showed the relative high differences in the values of differentiation (Dij) among populations. Of the ten populations, Gwangyang (1.36) and Cheongyang (1.30) were highly differentiated based on the total mean Dij of fourteen morphological characters, while Ulju (0.30) and Jeongseon (0.44) were scarcely differentiated.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.227-245
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• 2005

Numerical analysis using morphological characters was done in order to clarify taxonomic circumscriptions and identities of Korean endemic, Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai, Cirsium chanroenicum Nakai, and Cirsium toraiense Nakai ex Kitam.. Principal components analysis of C. setidens and C. chanroenicum using 29 morphological characters and 12 leaves characters revealed one group which could not separate. Identity of C. toraiense could not be confirmed by the destruction of habitat, similarity of morphological diagnostic characters between many specimens identified C. toraiense including type specimen and C. japonicum var. ussuriense. In considering the variational patterns of morphological characters, it is strongly suggested that identities of C. setidens f. alba, C. setidens var. niveo-araneum, and C setidens var. pinnatifolium should be recognized, but C. chanroenicum var. lanceolata should be included to circumscription of C. setidens.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 2010

This study was intended to investigate the capitulum morphology and to evaluate its taxonomic importance within the 23 taxa of Korean Artemisia L. The Korean Artemisia was classified into sterile subg. Dracunculus and fertile subg. Artemisia by the fertility of the disk florets, which is the traditional diagnostic character of subgenera. There are sections in subg. Artemisia: sect. Absinthium with a densely, sparsely hairy receptacle, and sect. Abrotanum and sect. Artemisia with a glabrous receptacle. However, A. fukudo and A. sacrorum belonging to sect. Abrotanum, and A. viridissima belonging to sect. Artemisia were observed to have sparsely hairy receptacles. Therefore, the presence of hair on a receptacle, which is now regarded as a key character distinguishing sections, has to be reevaluated. The whole shape and size of the capitulum, the characteristic of the stigma apex, the hair on the involucral bract, and the shape of the central or peripheral floret are thought to be the most valuable characters to consider in recognizing species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.217-218
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• 2003

미역(Undaria pinnatifida)은 수심, 수온, 조류 등의 서식지 환경이나 재배밀도 및 지역 개체군에 따라서 형태의 변화가 극심하며 품종의 형질은 유전자형과 환경과의 상호작용에 의해서 발현된다(Ishikawa 1994, 1995 ; Pang et al. 1997). 따라서 본 연구는 양식미역의 품종별 형질 상태를 규명하여 고흥해역 환경에 적합한 품종을 선발하기 위한 기초 자료를 마련하기 위하여 실시하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.215-216
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• 2003

미역(Undaria pinnaifida)은 수심, 수온, 조류 등의 서식지 환경이나 재배밀도 및 지역 개체군에 따라서 형태의 변화가 극심하며 품종의 형질은 유전자형과 환경과의 상호작용에 의해서 발현된다(lshikawa 1994, 1995 ; Pang et al. 1997). 따라서 본 연구는 양식미역의 품종별 형질 상태를 규명하여 고흥해역 환경에 적합한 품종을 선발하기 위한 기초 자료를 마련하기 위하여 실시하였다. (중략)

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1992

Principal component analysis of the morphological characters was applied to ordinate and examine morphological variation of Enteromorpha linza due to differences in environmental factors. As results, the samples from exposed populations to wave action were characterized by having longer stipe and maximum length, and narrower maximum width than samples from sheltered populations. The results of multiple comparision in each character among populations provided further support for the hypothesized existence of exposed, moderate, and sheltered morphotypes.otypes.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.272-282
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• 1986

Univariate and multivariate analyses of morphometric characters were performed with samples of three subspecies of striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius coreae, A. agrarius pallescens, and A. agrarius chejuensis). It was found that the samples of A. agrarius chejuensis from Jeju-Do were distintc from those of the other two subspecies from the Korean peninsular, whereas subspecies coreae was similar to subspecies pallescens: it is concluded that A. agrarius pallescens is a synonym of A. agrarius coreae. Further analyses will be needed to clearify the subspecific status of A. agrarius chejuensis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.480-488
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• 1994

Low seedling growth rates of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) have been limited its good establishment to pastures. The experiment was done to determine the effect of removal of cotyledon and unifoliolate on the growth and morphological characters of contrasting white clover cultivars for 8 weeks after the treatment. Individual plants of cv. Regal (large leaf), Louisiana S-l (medium-large leaf), Grasslands Huia (medium-small leaf) and Aberystwyth S184 (small leaf) were grown in 10cm plastic pot containing a 2:1:1 soil:sand:peat moss mixture until the cotyledon or unifoliolate stage and then removed one (C1) or two cotyledons (C2) at cotyledon stage, and unifoliolate only (U), unifoliolate and one cotyledon (DC1) or unifoliolate and two cotyledons (DC2) at the unifoliolate stage. To measure the removal effect on biomass and morphological characters (leaf area, petiole and stolon lengths, growing tips and leaves), plants were sampled 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the treatment. Intact plants had greater biomass and morphological characters than removal-treated ones, Removal treatments at cotyledon stage, C1 and C2, were decreased more biomass and morphological characters than removal ones at unifoliolate stage while the severer cotyledon removal, the more reduction. Stolon length per plant and petiole length markedly inclined 6 weeks after the treatments although biomass and the other characters continuously did. Relatively large-leaved cultivar had more biomass, leaf area per plant and longer petiole than the other(s) but the reverse results were true in stolon length, growing tips and no. of leaves per plant. Biomass was linearly increased with increased leaf area but the earlier and severer removal, the less slope. The severer damage of cotyledon and unifoliolate had detrimental effects on the growth and aftermath establishment of white clover

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develope identification method with major broad leaved weed seedlings. Characteristics of weed seedlings were investigated at two to four true leaf stage. Qualitative characteristics were more useful to identification of weed species than quantitative characteristics at the seedling stage. Many species were elliptic and broadly elliptic type in their cotyledon shape. Cotyledon shape of Cassia nomame and Calystegia sepium were broadly oblong. Four species were transverse broadly elliptic in their cotyledon shape. Rumex japonicus, Persicaria hydropiper, Euphorbia supina and Acalypha australis have three or more types in their cotyledon shape. Cotyledons of Vigna angularis var. nipponensis remained below ground after its germination. Many species were round in apex and were cuneate in base of cotyledon. Humulus japonicus and Polygonum aviculare were sessile in cotyledon base. The second true leaf shape of some species changed after first leaf stages. Glycine soja, V. angularis var. nipponensis and Kummerowia striata were broadly ovate, heart-shaped, orbicular or broadly obovate in their first true leaf, respectively, but the second true leaf shape of them were tripalmately compound. Aeschynomene indica and Cassia nomame were paripinnately compound leaf in their first and second true leaves. Margin of true leaves were entire in many species but six species including Xanthium occidentale were dentate in their true leaf margins. Margin of Euphorbia supina was entire in first true leaf and dentate in second true leaf. Margin of Chenopodium album and C. serotinum were entire in their first true leaf stage and erose in their second true leaf stage. The key for weed seedling identification of major weed species were made based on quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics.