• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.230-247
• /
• 2018

We conducted principal component analyses using the quantitative characteristics of the genus Sorbaria to investigate and explore morphological variation and diagnostic characteristics. The genus Sorbaria was divided into two groups based on erect or pendulous inflorescence, the existence of hairs on the ovary and follicle surfaces, the number of stamens, and the shape of the sepal. As a result of our investigation and of a morphometric analysis, these two groups could be also classified using quantitative characteristics, in this case the number of leaflets, the size of the leaflets, the width of the inflorescence, the size of the sepal, the petal, and the follicles and seeds. In the Sorbifolia group (S. grandiflora and S. sorbifolia complex), the size of lateral leaflets, number of veins, gland and stellate density on the abaxial surface of leaflets, and the petal and follicle size were found to be useful identification characteristics. The terminal and lateral leaflet size and the gland and stellate density on the abaxial surface of the leaflets were found to be characters of taxonomic value for the Kirilowii group (S. arborea complex, S. kirilowii, and S. tomentosa complex). The results of the numerical analysis conducted here can provide valuable information to those reconsidering and delimiting a taxonomic revision of the genus Sorbaria.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.233-250
• /
• 2008

Morphological and molecular data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions were examined to reevaluate the taxonomic position of the Korean endemic species, Stewartia koreana Nakai ex Rehder (Theaceae). Comparing to its morphologically closely related S. pseudocamellia Maxim, S. koreana has diagnostic characters including a larger leaf blade (10 cm length and 5.5 cm wide) and a longer pedicel (2.5 cm length). In addition, S. koreana formed a different clade from S. pseudocamellia in the ITS trees. The morphological and ITS sequence data supported S. koreana as a Korean endemic species distinct from the closely related species, S. pseudocamellia.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.309-312
• /
• 2005

임베디드 시스템이 점점 복잡해지고 다양해짐에 따라 이를 지원하는 임베디드 S/W 의 비중도 계속적으로 커지고 있으며 S/W 재사용에 대한 요구도 계속적으로 증가하고 있다. 그러나 유사한 기능을 지닌 S/W 에 대한 반복적인 수요가 증가함에도 불구하고, 재사용을 위한 체계적인 방법의 부재로 인하여 유사한 부분을 재사용 하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 체계적으로 재사용 S/W 모듈을 관리할 수 있는 지원 시스템과 모듈의 분류 방식, 그리고 재사용 지원 시스템을 이용하여 재사용 모듈을 실제 임베디드 S/W 개발에 적용할 수 있는 절차가 정의된다면 최종적으로 S/W 개발의 생산성을 향상 시킬 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 ETRI "임베디드 시스템 개발 프레임워크 구축"의 일환으로 구현되고 있는 재사용 지원 시스템을 위한 모듈의 형태 정의 및 형태와 크기에 따른 분류 방법, 재사용 모듈의 이용 절차에 대해 설명한다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.36
• /
• pp.393-416
• /
• 2014

Comics has three components: cuts, gap between cuts, speech balloons. Still, it is true that speech balloons are not commonly subject to the study for comics. A few preceding researches pinpoint exactly the morphological features and functions of speech balloons. In today when webtoon becomes generalized, these features and functions are continued as they are and are used in webtoon. We can catch that speech balloons are also affected since the environmental elements of web induce the change in the overall comics directing. There are two perspectives to sort out the features of speech balloons: first, the placement issue of speech balloons. The unlimited expansion of web space gives the environment for comicss to use the gap between cuts as wide as they can. It leads to turn out some of the ways to place the balloons, so we can sort them out general placement, exterior placement, the upper and lower placement, scroll-use type. Second, as the directing techniques for webtoon become digitalized by the morphological issue, speech balloon itself has been expanded its ways to express by various expression methods. Analyzing and classifying, recording the newly emerged conditions on the preceding study are worthy of trying and will become the cornerstone for the follow research.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 2010

To use the precise scientific name of the genus Gymnogobius from Korea, a taxonomic review of the genus Gymnogobius was made based on specimens collected in streams and estuaries of Korea from 1982 to 2007. The genus Gymnogobius in Korea includes 7 species: Gymnogobius breunigii (Steindachner), G. heptacanthus (Hilgendorf), G. macrognathos (Bleeker), G. mororanus (Jordan and Snyder), G. opperiens Stevenson, G. petschiliensis (Rendahl), G. urotaenia (Higendorf). A key to species of the genus Gymnogobius from Korea is provided, with description of their morphological characteristics and their distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
• /
• v.36S no.3
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 1999

본 논문에서는 영상 부호화시 전처리 과정을 수행함으로써 잡음을 제거하는 새로운 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리듬은 영상의 선명도를 유지할뿐아니라 전체적인 부호화 효율을 높여준다. 효율향상 과정은 다음과 같다. 첫째 블록 특성에 다라 영역을 분류하며, 둘째로는 Canny 연산자와 Sobel 연산자를 이용하여 경계선 방향을 얻는다. 세 번째로 블록 특성과 경계선 방향에 따라 방향성 형태학적 필터를 구한다. 형태학적 필터링은 영상내 존재하는 잡음을 제거하고, 표준 영상의 경우 인간이 시각적으로 느낄 수 없는 성분을 제거한다. 형태학적 필터링은 경계선 성분을 손실시키는 결과가 발생하지만, 제안한 알고리듬은 손실된 경계선 영역을 복원하는 과정을 거친다. 그러한 과정의 결과로, 전체적인 부호화 효율이 향상된다. 특히, 제안한 알고리듬을 적용한 표준영상의 경우, 약 50-50%의 비트 발생량이 줄어드는 결과를 나타내었다. 잡음 분산값을 달리하여 만든 잡음 영상에 제안한 방법을 적용한 결과, 영상의 선명도를 유지하였다. 제안한 알고리듬은 인간의 시각 특성을 고려한 미세한 잡음 제거 방법에서 우수한 성능을 나타내었으며, 영상의 선명도를 유지하는 것을 보여 주었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.453-458
• /
• 1994

Taxonomic accounts are given to the four species of Corallinaceae, Amphiroa beauvoisii lamouroux, Jania yenoshimensis (Yendo) Yendo, Serraticardia maxima (Yendo) Silva and Corallina officinalis linnaeus, collected from Ullungdo Island, Korea. S. maxima (Y endo) Silva is introduced for the first time in Korea in this study. J. yenoshimensis (Yendo) Yendo accords well with the type speciemens but is very similar to J. arborescens in outer appearance. However it is distinguished from that in height and branching pattern. C. officinalis accords well with other plants collected from Europe and Japan except for large number of medullary cell layers.layers.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.135-145
• /
• 2000

It is well known that there are different craniofacial skeletal groups in the same malocclusion types. The present study was performed to determine morphologic sub-groups in Korean children with Class III malocclusions, and to find out morphological differences between subgroups by means of a cross-sectional longitudinal cephalometric study. In this study, 135 children aged 6 to 14 year-old with untreated Class III malocclusions were selected. The samples were divided into two groups depending on the angulation of middle cranial fossa (MCF). That is, when the MCF of an individual was measured smaller than 40.3, he/she was tossed into mandibular protrusive-effect group(MREG), while when an individual was measured larger than 40.3, he/she was tossed into mandibular retrusive-effect group(MREG). Thereafter, the grouped samples were divided into 4 age groups(7, 9, 11 and 13 year-old). Thirty four linear and angular measurements on the tracings of lateral cephaloradiographs were measured, and the morphological characteristics and differences were compared and analysed by means of Wilcoxon test. It was found that Korean children with Class III malocclusions were divided into two groups, in which 39.3% were belonged in the MREG and 60.7% were in the MREG. In the MREG, anterior-posterior length of cranial base, nasomaxillary complex, maxilla and mandible were larger than the MREG. And although there was no difference in the total length of mandible (Co-Gn), mandibular body length (Go-Gn) was larger in the MREG during the majority of the observed periods. These results would suggest that a majority of the samples, 60.7%, demonstrated many of configurations of craniofacial skeletal relationships that can be found in the leptoprosopic faceform.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.130-137
• /
• 2011

Pedicularis growing at Mt. Halla of Jeju Island is known as an endemic species of P. hallaisanensis Hurusawa. On the other hand, the plant is morphologically similar to P. amoena, P. spicata, and P. verticillata in gross morphology, so the taxonomic treatment of the taxon remains controversial. To clarify the taxonomic position of the plants, we examined external morphological characters and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences for P. hallaisanensis and its related species. The plants of Mt. Halla are clearly different from P. amoena and P. verticillata in the morphology of calyx lobes, the length of galea and lower lip, density of glandular hairs on plants, presences of the radical leaves after anthesis and molecular data. However, P. hallaisanensis is not clearly separated from P. spicata distributed in N. E. Asia on external morphological characters and DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacers. In this study, the morphological and molecular data suggested that P. hallaisanensis should be merged into the former species.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 1996

A morphometric analysis is used to clarify the interspecific relationship between 4 species of the subgenus Parapagaronia in Pagaronia. The quantitative distinctions are confirmed at 87.5% of correct assignment in male and 96.25% in female.