• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.53
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• pp.593-631
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• 2017

Like the technological competition of each country around commercialization of Autonomous Vehicles(the rest is 'AV'), legalizations are also in a competition. However, in the midst of this competition, the Ethik-Kommission Automatisiertes und vernetztes Fahren of Germany has recently introduced 20 guidelines. This guideline is expected to serve as a milestone for future AV legislations. In this paper, I have formulated a new legislative proposal that will incorporate the main content presented by the Ethik-Kommission. The structure is largely divided into general rules of purpose and definition, chapter on types of AV and safety standards, registration and inspection, maintenance, licenses for AV, driver's obligations, insurance and accident responsibilities, roads and facilities, traffic system, and chapter on penalties. The commercialization of AV in Korea seems to be in a distant future, and it is possible to pretend that it is not necessary to prepare legal systems. But considering our reality, leading legislation may be necessary. In this paper, I have prepared individual legislative proposals based on the essential matters based on the criminal responsibility in case of AV car accidents. To assure the safety of AV, AV and mode of operation were defined for more clear interpretation and application of law, and basic safety standards for AV were presented. In addition, the obligation of insurance and the liability for damages were defined, and the possibility of immunity from the criminal responsibility was examined. Furthermore, I have examined the penalties for penalties such as hacking in order to secure the effectiveness of the Act. Based on these discussions, I have attempted the 'Autonomous Vehicles Act', which aims to provide a basis for new discussions to be held on the basis of various academic fields related to the operation of AV and related industries in the future. Although there may be a sense of unurgency in time, the automobile industry needs time to prepare for the regulation of the AV ahead of time. And a process of public debate is also needed for the ecosystem of healthy AV industry.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.3-36
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• 2023

The main issue in medical malpractice civil litigation is medical negligence and the causal relationship between medical negligence and damages. Regarding the presumption of causality in cases where medical negligence is proven, there is a previous Supreme Court decision 93da52402 on February 10, 1995, but it is difficult to find a case that satisfies the textual requirements of the above decision, and yet, in practice, the above decision is cited. In many cases, causal relationships were assumed, and criticism was consistently raised that it was inconsistent with the text of the above judgment. In its ruling, the Supreme Court reorganized and presented a new legal principle regarding the presumption of causality when medical negligence is proven in a civil lawsuit. According to this, If the patient proves ① the existence of an act that is assessed as a medical negligence, that is, a violation of the duty of care required of an ordinary medical professional at the level of medical care practiced in the field of clinical medicine at the time of medical practice, and ② that the negligence is likely to cause damages to the patient, the burden of proving the causal relationship is alleviated by presuming a causal relationship between medical negligence and damage. Here, the probability of occurrence of damage does not need to be proven beyond doubt from a natural scientific or medical perspective, but if recognizing the causal relationship between the negligence and the damage does not comply with medical principles or if there is a vague possibility that the negligence will cause damage, causality cannot be considered proven. Meanwhile, even if a causal relationship between medical negligence and damage is presumed, the party that performed the medical treatment can overturn the presumption by proving that the patient's damage was not caused by medical negligence. Meanwhile, unlike civil cases, the standard is 'proof beyond reasonable doubt' in criminal cases, and the legal principle of presuming causality does not apply. Accordingly, in a criminal case of professional negligence manslaughter that was decided on the same day regarding the same medical accident, the case was overturned and remanded for not guilty due to lack of proof of a causal relationship between medical negligence and death. The above criminal ruling is a ruling that states that even if 'professional negligence' is recognized in a criminal case related to medical malpractice, the person should not be judged guilty if there is a lack of clear proof of 'causal relationship'.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.177-200
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• 2017

This writer have thus far reviewed the civil and criminal obligations of the directors of a parent company that sponsored financially troubled affiliates. What was discussed here applies to logistics companies in the same manner. Hanjin Shipping cannot expect its parent company, Korean Air to prop it up financially. If such financial aid is offered without any collateral, under Korean criminal law, the directors of the parent company bears the burden of civil and criminal responsibility. One way to get around this is to secure fairness in terms of the process and the content of aid. Fairness in terms of process refers to the board of directors making public all information and approving such aid. Fairness in terms of content refers to impartial transactions that block out any possibilities of the chairman of the corporate group acting in his private interest. In the case of Korean Air bailing out Hanjin, the meeting of board of directors were held five times and a thorough review was conducted on the risks involved in the loans being repaid or not. After the review, measures to guard against undesirable scenarios were established before finally deciding on bailing out Hanjin. As such, there are no issues. In terms of the fairness of content, too, there were practically no room for the majority shareholder or controlling shareholder to pocket profits at the expense of the company. This is because the continued aid offered to a financially troubled company (i.e. Hanjin Shipping) was a posing a burden to even the controlling shareholder. This writer argues that the concept of the interest of the entire corporate group needs to be recognized. That is, it must be recognized that the relationship of control and being controlled between parent company and affiliate company, or between affiliate companies serves a practical benefit to the ongoing concern and growth of the group and is therefore just. Moreover, the corporate group and its affiliates, as well as their directors and management must recognize that they have an obligation to prioritize the interests of the corporate group ahead of the interests of the company that they are directly associated with. As such, even if Korean Air offered a loan to Hanjin Shipping without collateral, the act cannot be treated as an offense to law, nor can the directors be accused of damages that they bear the responsibility of compensating under civil law.

• Water for future
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.107-115
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• 1993

The results of laboratory experiments on the clear-water local scour of cohesionless bed sediment at three types of the pier shape are presented. Based on the experimental data, the relative equilibrium depth of local scour is related to the pier shape, the geometric standard deviation of the bed material, the velocity ratio and the pier Froude number. The relative local scour depths were smallest ant the round-nosed pier and remarkably reduced at the non-uniform bed sediment, comparing with those at the uniform bed material. The effect of sediment grading on the local scour reduction was discussed and compared with Raudkivi and Ettema's experiments.

• 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.246-248
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• 2016

단위성 의존명사는 수나 분량 따위를 나타내는 의존명사로 혼자 사용할 수 없으며 수사나 수관형사와 함께 사용하는 의존명사이다. 단위성 의존명사가 2가지 이상인 동형이의어의 경우 기존의 인접 어절을 이용한 동형이의어 분별 모델에서는 동형이의어 분별에 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 단위성 의존명사 분별을 위해 단어 임베딩을 사용했으며 총 115,767개의 단어를 벡터로 표현하였으며 분별할 의존명사 주변에 등장한 명사들과의 유사도를 계산하여 단위성 의존명사를 분별하였다. 단어 임베딩을 이용한 단위성 의존명사 분별이 효과가 있음을 보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.555-559
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• 2006

디지털 포렌식에서 디지털 정보나 데이터는 범죄의 실마리를 풀 수 있는 증거로 사용되고 있어 사이버 범죄 현장에서 반드시 확보해야한다. 최근에는 사이버 범죄 뿐 아니라 민사, 형사 소송의 일반적인 범죄에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있지만, 범죄의 유형이 점차 다양해지고 복잡해짐에 따라 디지털 증거들을 수집, 관리하는데 어려움이 있으며, 디지털 범죄 수사 결과는 수사관, 분석관, 감정관 등 각 담당자마다 해석하고 필요로 하는 정보가 다르기 때문에 데이터의 가공과 다양한 형태의 보고서가 제공되어야 한다. 따라서 본고에서는 웹에서의 데이터 처리 표준으로 자리 잡은 XML을 이용하여 보다 편리하게 디지털 증거를 구조화하고 처리하는 방법과, 이를 효과적으로 데이터를 표현하는 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.1431-1434
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• 2001

E-Business 성공은 기존의 제품 마케팅 차원을 넘어서 전자상거래를 비롯한 기반 IP 기술의 지원과 관리에 있다. 새로운 e-Business를 시작하는 대부분의 중소형사업자는 e-Business Outsourcing Value Chain을 이용하여 서비스를 제공하고 있으며, 그중 가장 중요한 카운터 파트너로서 Web HSP를 들고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Web HSP와 사용자사이에서 제공되는 웹서비스의 새로운 패러다임에서 SLA 구조와 컴포넌트를 Network, Hosting, Application, Management 관점에서 정의하고, 이를 관리하기 위한 SLA Management 구조를 제시하였다. 본 논문의 결과로 고객은 자신의 사업에 적합한 SLA 파라미터를 제시하는 Web HSP를 찾게 될 것이며, Web HSP는 고객에게 필요한 SLA의 컴포넌트 제공과 효율적인 관리 기능을 수행함으로 서비스의 경쟁력을 얻게 될 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.489-497
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• 2017

사물 인터넷, 클라우드 컴퓨팅, 인공지능, 빅데이터 등 첨단 정보통신기술을 활용하여 모든 사물들의 지능화와 초연결을 지향하는 것을 나타내는 4차 산업혁명에 대한 관심은 나날이 증가하고 있다. 4차 산업혁명과 관련된 다양한 분야의 기술들 중에서 인공지능을 활용한 자율주행자동차 기술과 관련하여 논의를 진행하고자 한다. 여러 국가에서는 자율주행자동차 시장선점을 위해 관련 기술의 발달에 몰두하고 있다. 그러나 자율주행자동차의 상용화를 위해서는 기술의 발달뿐만 아니라 관련 법제도의 정비가 더욱 필수적인 요소라고 본다. 자율주행자동차가 안전성을 보장할 수 있도록 시험운행에 대한 규제를 완화시켜야 할 것이며, 향후 상용화가 될 경우 야기될 수 있는 민사적 손해배상문제와 형사책임의 문제, 과실책임의 문제, 사이버 보안문제 등을 대비할 수 있는 법제도 마련을 촉구하고자 한다. 타국가와의 자율주행자동차 법제도 비교분석을 통해 우리나라의 도로교통법과 기존 법 제정상태를 고려하여 법안 마련에 방향성을 설정하는 데에 목표를 두고 있다.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 1987

This paper presents experimental data for the computerization of green sand control. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. To obtain the proper compactability at the mixer, the addtion of moisture is far more efficient than the control of mixing time or addtion of clay. 2. The log R(% clay/% moisture) vs. log compactability curve moves upward as the amount of clay increases and moves downward as the amount of seacoal, dead bentonite or coked seacoal increases. 3. The ratio of dead to initial clay amount or coked to initial seacoal amount is changed according to sand to metal ratio, mainly, and according to pouring temperature, partly, at a shake out time of 12hrs.

• The Optical Journal
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• s.100
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• pp.21-25
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• 2005

국내 산업용 레이저 시스템 시장 규모는 1천억원 내외로 1990년대 도입 시기에 비하면 연간 30% 이상 성장을 했으며 매년 2자릿수 이상의 꾸준한 성장률을 보이고 있다. 아직은 국내 산업에서 1억달러에 미달하는 크지않은 규모지만 레이저 관련 응용분야는 정보화 산업사회를 열어갈 수 있는 원천기술이기에 국가적으로 이 분야에 거는 기대는 실로 크다. 21세기 새로운 생산도구로서의 산업용 레이저 가공기는 종래의 생산기술로는 불가능한 재질이나 형사의 천공, 절단, 용접 및 초미세 가공을 가능하게 하는 최첨단 자본재 제품이다. 세계적으로 10여 개국만이 생산능력을 갖추고 있는 레이저 가공기는 국가 경쟁력의 주요인자가 되고 있다. 더욱이 디스플레이, 반도체, 자동차산업 및 디지털 가전산업이 주요 산업인 우리나라의 경우 그 중요성은 아무리 강조해도 지나치다 할 것이 없다.