Kim, Hwan-Wook;Lee, Jae-Won;Cho, Won-Chul;Jung, Sung-Ho;Choo, Suk-Jung;Song, Hyun;Chung, Cheol-Hyun
Journal of Chest Surgery
/
v.42
no.3
/
pp.317-323
/
2009
Background: Although high efficiency of conversion into sinus rhythm has been demonstrated after performing the Cox-Maze procedure in patients with atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease, the changes in the mechanical function and size of the left atrium have not been determined. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the Maze procedure on the left atrial size and contractile transport function. Material and Method: From July 1997 to July 2008, 647 consecutive patients were operated on for chronic atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease. Among these, 211 patients that (1) were able to be followed up for 2 years after surgery, (2) had sustained normal sinus rhythm, regardless of whether they were taking anti-arrhythmic medications and (3) did not have valvular regurgitation greater than grade III or they did not have moderate grade valvular stenosis were selected for evaluation. The left atrial size and contractile transport function were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography at the postoperative base line (1 year) and at regular follow-up periods (2 years, 3 years, 4 years and 6 year). Result: The left atrial dimension was increased and the contractile transport function was decreased during the follow-up period. The longer the follow-up period, the greater was the statistical significance of the left atrial size increase and contractile transport function decrease. Conclusion: In patients who sustain normal sinus rhythm conversion after a Maze III procedure with a mitral valve operation, there is a gradual increase of the left atrial dimensions and a decrease of contractile transport function during the follow-up period. Therefore, scrupulous follow-up is needed for these patients.
The advantages of mitral valve reconstruction have been well established and so mitral valve reconstruction is now considered as the procedure of choice to correct mitral valve disease. This is the report of intermediate-term results of 38 cases that performed mitral valve reconstruction for valve insufficiency(the total number of mitral valve reconstruction were 49 cases, but 11 cases that performed mitral valve replacement due to incomplete reconstruction were excluded). Material and Method : From March 1991 to March 2001, 38 patients underwent mitral valve repair due to mitral valve regurgitation with or without stenosis. Mean age was 47.6$\pm$14.7 years(range 15 to 70 years) : 11 were men and 27 were women. The causes of mitral valve regurgitation were degenerative in 14, rheumatic in 21, infective in 2 and the other was congenital. Result : According to the Carpentier's pathologic classification of mitral valve regurgitation, 3 were type 1 , 16 were type II and 19 were type III. Surgical procedures were annuloplasty 15, commissurotomy 19, leaflet resection and annular plication 9, chordae shortening 11, chordae transfer 5, new chordae formation 2, papillary muscle splitting 2 and vegetectomy 2. These procedures were combined in most patients. There were 2 early death and the causes of death were respiratory failure, renal failure and sepsis. There was no late death. Valve replacement was done in 6 patients after repair due to valve insufficiency or stenosis 3 weeks, 1, 3, 51, 69, 84months later respectively. These patients have been followed up from 1 to 116 months(mean 43.0 months). The mean functional class(NYHA) was 2.36 pre-operatively and improved to 1.70. Conclusion : In most cases of mitral valve regurgitation, mitral valve reconstruction when technically feasible is effective operation that can achieve stable functional results and low surgical and late mortality.
Kim, Jeong-Won;Lee, Jong-Tae;Cho, Joon-Yong;Kim, Kyu-Tae;Kim, Gun-Jik
Journal of Chest Surgery
/
v.41
no.5
/
pp.573-579
/
2008
Background: Composite valve graft replacement is currently the treatment of choice for a wide variety of the lesions of aortic root disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the results of aortic root replacement after using the Cabrol technique over a 13-year period at our institution, and we analyzed the results to help surgeons make better decisions when repairing aortic root disease. Material and Method: Between January 1994 and December 2006, twenty-five patients underwent a Cabrol technique operation at our institution. The mean patient age was $43.7{\pm}14.1$ years old (range: $6{\sim}65$ years) and the male and female ratio was 21:4 (84% : 16%). The patients' follow-up was 100% complete, and the mean follow-up period was $60.7{\pm}50.4$ (range:$1{\sim}162$) months. Annuloaortic ectasia (n=18) was the most frequent cause of aortic disease in this series, followed by aortic dissection (n=7). The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was $177.2{\pm}44.9$ minutes and the mean aortic cross clamping time was $123.4{\pm}34.1$ minutes. Nine patients were checked with MDCT (Multidetector computed tomography) for evaluating a well functioning secondary graft and the coronary anastomosis site. Result: The early mortality rate was 4% (1 of 25 patients). A significant stenosis, kinking or occlusion of the secondary graft was detected by MDCT in 4 patients. The overall survival rate was 88%. Conclusion: The Cabrol technique demonstrated a significant incidence of long-term complications such as secondary graft stenosis or obstruction. It could be used when the modified Bentall technique is not feasible.
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis(IHPS), which occurs three of 1,000 live births, is a major cause of nonbilious vomiting of early infancy but its etiology and pathogenesis are still obscure. The operation of pyloromyotomy as described by Ramstedt in 1912 remains the standard of care for the treatment of IHPS. From January 1993 to October 1996, 35 infants with IHPS were surgically treated and the following results were obtained. 1. Thirty-five patients comprised 32 males and 3 females, and the ratio of male to female was 10.7:1. 2. The most prevalent age group was between 2 weeks and 8 weeks. 3. Of 35 infants, first born babies were 23 cases(65.7%). 4. Breast feeding was in 23 cases(65.7%). 5. The body weight percentile at admission was lower than 50 percentile in all 35 cases. 6. Onset of symptoms was predominantly between 1week and 2 weeks in 11 cases(31.4%). 7. All had a history of nonbilious vomting, generally projectile in nature. 8. In the measured serum electrolytes, hypokalemia was noted in 9 cases(25.7%), hypochloremia was observed in 14 cases(40.0%). 9. In the preoperative ultrasonography, the average muscle thickness, diameter, and length of the pylorus were 6.2mm, 12.1mm, and 17.9mm, respectively. 10. Among 35 cases, significant sonographic criteria of IHPS, muscle thickness of 5mm or more, were noted in 26 cases(83.9%). 11. A total of seven associated anomalies were noted in six patients. 12. All 35 cases were treated with Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromyotomy. 13. There were postoperative complications of wound infection in 2 cases. Intermittent nonprojectile vomiting was presented in 8 cases(22.9%) after operation, but one of them was relieved in 13 days and the rest were relieved within one week by adjustment of oral intake.
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stensosis(IHPS) occurs in three of 1000 live births, and is a major cause of nonbilious vomiting of early infancy. It's etiology and pathogenesis however are still obscure. The operation of pyloromyotomy described by Ramstedt in 1912 remains the standard treatment. From January 1990 to July 1997, 64 infants with IHPS were treated at the Department of Pediatric Sursery, Yeungnam University Hospital. The ratio of male to female was 7:1, and the most prevalent age ranged from 2 weeks to 8 weeks(81.2 %) of age. Fifty-seven infants were first born (57.8 percent). The body weight of all patients at admission was below the 50 percentile. Age of onset of symptoms was between 2 and 4weeks of age in 23 cases(35.9 %). All infants had a history of nonbilious vomting, generally projectile in nature. Hypokalemia was noted in 14 cases(21.9 %) and hypochloremia in 26 cases(40.6 %). In the preoperative ultrasonography, the average muscle thickness, diameter, and length of the pylorus were 6.3 mm, 12.3 mm, and 17.8 mm. A total of 13 associated anomalies were noted in 12 patients. All cases were treated with Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromyotomy. Postoperative wound infection occured in 3 cases. Thirteen cases(20.3 %) presented intermittent nonprojectile vomiting after operation. With control of oral intake vomiting subsided within one week in 63 patients, and in thirteen days in another.
Kang Byoung-Chul;Ha Il-Soo;Kim In-One;Cheong Hae-Il;Choi Yong;Ko Kwang-Wook
Childhood Kidney Diseases
/
v.1
no.2
/
pp.101-108
/
1997
Purpose : The clinical characteristics of renovascular hypertension (RVHT) in children were analyzed. Methods : Medical records of 16 children diagnosed as RVHT on the basis of angiography during Jan. '86 to Jun. 94 in our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Results : The mean age at the onset was 8.5 yrs and the sex ratio(M:F) was 7:9. The causes of RVHT were Takayasu arteritis in 6, Moyamoya disease in 5, and fibromuscular dysplasia in 3 patients. Abdominal bruit was noted in 6 patients (38%). Peripheral renin activity was raised in all tested patients. Bilateral renal arterial involvemnent was found in 9 patients (56%). Captopril renal scans showed good correlation with angiographic findings. Five patients were treated with antihypertensives only, and blood pressure was controlled completely in 2 and incompletely in 3. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in 10 patients with 50% of success rate. However, hypertension was recurred due to restenosis or accompaning aortic stenosis in 3 patients. Surgical treatment was performed in 4 patients, and the blood pressure was controlled partially in 1 and poorly in the remaining 3. Conclusions : Takayasu arteritis, Moyamoya disease and fibromuscular dysplasia are the major causes of childhood RVHT in our country. The diagnosis of RVHT in children should be based on a set of tests individually selected for case by case. For the low curability of the current treatment modalities available, RVHT in children should not be regarded as 'curable' so far. We expect, however, that the outcome will be improved by more extensive application of the newly developed surgical technique.
Purpose : Acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illnesses in children. The great majority of these infections involving lower respiratory tracts infections(LRTIs) are caused by respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), parainfluenza virus(PIV), influenza virus (Flu), and adenovirus(ADV), etc. Our purpose was to determine seasonal epidemiology and clinical characteristic features of each viral infection. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirate(NPA)s were collected from 4,554 hospitalized children diagnosed as LRTIs on the first day of admission. The study period was from September 1998(Autumn) through May 2003(Spring). Respiratory viruses were detected in 881(19 percent) cases by isolation of the virus or by antigen detection method using indirect immunofluorescent staining. We reviewed the medical records of 837 cases retrospectively. Results : The identified pathogens were RSV in 485 cases(55 percent), PIV in 152 cases(17 percent), FluA in 114 cases(13 percent), ADV in 79 cases(9 percent) and FluB in 51 cases(6 percent). Outbreaks of RSV occurred every year, mostly in the November through December period and of PIV in the April through June period. LRTIs by FluA reached the highest level in January, 2002. FluB infection showed an outbreak in April, 2002. The clinical diagnoses of viral LRTIs were bronchiolitis in 395 cases(47 percent), pneumonia in 305 cases(36 percent), croup in 73 cases(9 percent) and tracheobronchitis in 64 cases(8 percent). Conclusion : Viruses are one of the major etiologic agents of acute LRTIs in chidren. Therefore, we must continue to study their seasonal occurrence and clinical features to focus on management, and also for reasons of prevention.
Purpose : It has been well known that urinary tract infection(UTI) in infants and children is frequently associated with vesicoureteral reflux(VUR). However, the publishied papers dealing with congenital anomalies associated with UTI emphasized the importance of VUR only. The aim of our study was to evaluate the type, incidence and spectrum of urologic anomalies associated with UTI. Methods : Medical records of clinical, bacteriologic and radiologic study were assessed retrospectively in 65 infants or children with documented UTI who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Seoul Hospital from March 1996 to February 1998. Results : Spectrum of anomalies were associated with UTI as follows: VUR(n=23), both ectopic kidney(n=1), ureterovesical junction(UVJ) obstruction(n=1), multicystic dysplastic kidney(n=1), ureteropelvic junction(UPJ) obstruction with hydronephrosis(n=1), hutch diverticulum(n=1), UPJ stenosis(n=1), posterior urethral valve(n=1), urachal remnant(n=1) and bladder diverticula(n=1). Congenital urinary anomalies other than VUR were detected in 9 children among 65 patients with UTI(13.8%). 4 children among 9 congenital urinary anomalies other than VUR were combined with VUR. Sex distribution with congenital urinary anomalies other than VUR was more prevalent in male than female (7 males : 2 females). Age distribution at the time of UTI was less than 5 years in most patient (under 1 year in 1 patient, 1-2 year in 5 patients, 3-5 year in 1 patient, and above 5 year in 2 patients). And age distribution at the time of UTl associated with VUR was less than 5 years in most patient (under 1 year in 6 patients, 1-2 year in 8 patients, 3-5 year in 5 patients, and above 5 year in 4 patients), too Conclusion : Because congenital urinary anomalies other than VUR are seen in as high as 13.8% of patients, more careful evaluation of all possible congenital urinary anomalies as well as VUR is mandatory in pediatric patient with UTI.
We analysed differences in operative methods and postoperative outcome according to the severity of preoperative cyanosis in adult ToF (Tetralogy of Fallot) patients. Material and Method: From August 1989 to June 2001, thirty three adult patients, 18 females and 15 males, underwent total correction for ToF. Their age ranged from 15 years to 54 years (median: 34). Patients were divided into 2 groups by preoperative $SaO_2$ (arterial oxygen saturation): group I$(n=cyanotic,\;SaO_2\;\geq94\%)$ and group II $(acyanotic,\; SaO_2\geq95%)$. Preoperative median hemoglobin level was higher in group I compared to group II (17.5 g/dl vs 15 g/dl). Postoperative follow-up duration ranged from 1 to 94 months (670 patient-month, median: 14 months), and 63 two-dimensional echocardiographic examinations were done during this period. Result: There were no early or late mortality. With regard to RVOT (right ventricular outflow tract) reconstruction, trans-annular patch and RV-PA extracardiac conduit were used in 7 and 3 patients respectively, and all of them belonged to group I. In group I, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamping time, ICU day, hospital day were significantly longer than in group II, and postoperative inotropic support was significantly greater than in group II. There was no ventricular arrhythmia in both groups, and one patient in group I suffered from atrial arrhythmia, which was resolved spontaneously after tricuspid and pulmonary valve replacement. During follow-up periods, functional class, residual RVOT stenosis and pulmonary regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, occurrence of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias were comparable between two groups. Conclusion: In adult ToF patients with severe preoperative cyanosis, more aggressive RVOT reconstruction and careful postoperative care are mandatory. However intermediate-term outcome of this group of patients is comparable to the patients with minimal or no preoperative cyanosis.
Background: The radial arteries are being used more often for coronary artery bypass grafting, We tried to the endoscopic radial artery harvest to reduce the cosmetic problems and neurologic complications of the conventional open harvesting and report the techniques and early results. Material and Method: The 86 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting between May 2003 and April 2005 had their nondominant radial artery endoscopically removed through a 2 cm incision at the wrist. The radial pedicle was dissected and was divided at antecubial area through a 5 mm counterincision. Result: The 23 patients complained of neuralgias on territory of superficial raidal none but no one complained of neuralgias on territory of lateral antebrachial cutaneous none. There was no functional impairment of the hand. There was no wound complication except a localized hematoma. All patients were contacted by telephone after postoperative 7.9$\pm$3.6 months. The 4 patients still complained of neuralgia. All the patients were satisfied with the aesthetics of the wounds. The multidetectional tomography was done on the 66 patients for the estimation of early patency of radial artery. There were 2 cases of stenosis and a case of occlusion. Conclusion: Endoscopic radial artery harvest had no functional impairment of the hand, lesser rate of neurologic complications and outstanding aesthetics. The results of early patency of the radial artery was similar to conventional methods. Therefore, we think that endoscopic radial artery harvest is the optimal procedure.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.