• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

Purpose : In evaluation of patients, laboratory results are crucial in determination of a treatment plan. Obtaining venous blood from infants and children is a difficult procedure. Substitution of a capillary blood sample for a venous blood sample has been suggested. However, there are few studies showing mutual correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) results in capillary and venous blood. This study was designed to determine whether the result of the capillary sample is the same as the result of the venous blood sample. Methods : After informed consent, a pair of venous and fingertip capillary blood samples were simultaneously collected from 100 children. The LC-178CRPTM was used for analysis of capillary blood and the Hitachi 7180 automatic hematology analyzer was used for analysis of venous blood. We compared CRP of both venous and capillary blood samples. Results were analyzed by crosstabulation analysis, simple regression analysis and the Bland Altman Plot method. Results : A close correlation (90.63%) was observed between capillary and venous blood analyzed by crosstabulation analysis. CRP results were similar between the two groups and showed a high coefficient correlation ($\beta$=1.3434, $R^2$=0.9888, P<0.0001) when analyzed by a simple regression model. The average value in venous blood was also higher compared to capillary blood. According to Bland Altman Plot analysis, lab results were measured at a 95% confidence interval. Conclusion : CRP results from capillary blood showed close correlation with venous blood sampling. At present, venous blood sampling is the preferred method. However, due to difficulty in venous blood sampling, capillary sampling could be considered as an alternative technique for use with children.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 2012

Objective: A prediabetes hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 5.7%-6.4% is considered a risk factor for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the USA. In this study, we assessed the HbA1c and visceral fat levels as CVD risk factors in health check-up examinees who were not yet diagnosed with diabetes. Methods: Totally, 507 study subject were categorized as per criteria of the American Diabetes Association, depending on whether the HbA1c level was ${\geq}5.7%$ or <5.7%. Lipid levels, blood pressure, BMI (kg/$m^2$), total abdominal, and visceral fat levels were measured by computed tomography. Results: The mean of HbA1c in the male group was larger than the mean in the female group and their values were, respectively, $6.03{\pm}0.82%$ and $5.88{\pm}0.72%$(p<0.05). Only the mean values of age and visceral fat area were different between $HbA1c{\geq}5.7%$ and <5.7% in both male and female group(p<0.05). Visceral fat levels were significantly associated with HbA1c in the group of HbA1c ${\geq}5.7%$ (odds ratio=1.005, 95% CI 1.002~1.008). Conclusions: Visceral fat levels were significantly higher and correlated with the group which HbA1c level is ${\geq}5.7%$. This finding suggests that subjects who have high levels of HbA1c should be carefully monitored during prediabetes and should have chance to have health education programs.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

To elucidate alteration of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activity of peripheral lymphocytes and helper/inducer and suppressor/cytototxic T cells in patients with thyroid tumors, the author examined PNP activity, and $CD4^+\;and\;CD8^+$ cells of peripheral blood in 20 cases of simple goiter, 9 cases of thyroid adenoma and 20 cases of thyroid cancer as well as 11 cases of adult healthy subjects as control. Diagnoses were established on the basis of commonly accepted clinical and biochemical criteria in simple goiter and were confirmed histopathologically in thyroid adenoma and cancer. All blood was obtained from veins of the patients and control subjects in Pusan National University Hospital during the period of January to August, 1991. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The PNP activity was significantly decreased or tended to be decreased in thyroid adenomas and cancers as compared with control subjects and simple goiters. 2) The percentage of CD8 cells was significantly decreased or tended to be decreased in thyroid cancers as compared with simple goiters, thyroid adenomas and control subjects. 3) The CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly increased or tended to be increased in thyroid cancer as compared with simple goiters, thyroid adenomas and control subjects. On the basis of the results, it can be suggested that the immunodysfunction in thyroid cancer may be due to decreased suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, and the estimation of PNP activity of peripheral lymphocyte is a helpful test in detecting the immune status in thyroid tumors.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.35-40
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• 1978

To evaluate orthostatic brain hypoxia from the passive tilt, anesthetized dogs were tilted from supine to $90^{\circ}C$ upright and $90^{\circ}C$ head down position. Blood pH, $Pco_2$ and $Po_2$ changes during tilt were measured on 8 dogs. Respiratory rate was decreased in upright position and increased in head down position comparing to that in rte horizontal position. pH in arterial blood was increased in upright position and decreased in venous blood comparing to that in the horizontal position. No significant changes were found in the head down position. $Pco_2$ of arterial and venous blood was decreased both in upright and head down. position A significant decrease was found in the head down position. $Po_2$ in arterial blood was increased both in the upright and head down position. However, it was decreased in the venous blood. The cause of increased $Po_2$ in arterial blood seemed to do due to hyperventilation and the cause of decreased $Po_2$ in venous blood was thought to be due to increased $O_2$ consumption of animals during the tilt.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2008

Purpose : The ability to perform chromosome analysis of cryopreserved cord blood mononuclear cells is important for future retrospective studies. We compared the karyotypes of cryopreserved cells with cells before cryopreservation. Methods : One cord blood (CB) sample was obtained from normal healthy volunteer. Karyotype analysis was performed before cryopreservation. After mononuclear cell separation with Ficoll-Hypaque, the mononuclear cells were cryopreserved by programmed controlled-rate freezer and then transferred into the liquid nitrogen ($-196^{\circ}C$) for 3 days. After rapid thawing, cytogenetic analysis was performed as the same method for each sample by different conditions. The samples were divided by three groups. The first group was no culture before cryopreservation, the second group was 72 hours culture before cryopreservation, but no 24 hours culture after thawing and the third group was 72 hours culture before cryopreservation and 24 hours culture after thawing. Results : The chromosome analysis was successful in the second and third groups of CB sample. Conclusion : The successful result from CB samples may suggest the usefulness of long-term cryopreservation for retrospective study in various clinical settings including hematologic malignancies.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2008

Purpose : Cephalhematomas rarely lead to serious complications, such as skull fractures and intracranial hematomas, so CT and/or MRI scans are indicated only in cases in which depressed fractures are suspected or neurologic symptoms develop. Nevertheless, we have experienced several cases of cephalhematomas associated with intracranial hematomas in the absence of remarkable neurologic symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between cephalhematomas and intracranial hematomas and determine the need for neuroimaging in infants with cephalhematomas. Methods : Infants who were admitted to the NICU with cephalhematomas and underwent neuroimaging (CT and/or MRI) between January 2002 and July 2006 were evaluated. Neuroimaging was done when the symptoms suggested the development of an intracranial hematoma. Results : Among 54 infants with cephalhematomas, 18 infants underwent neuroimaging. Six of 18 infants (33.3%) had intracranial hematomas, 4 infants had epidural hematomas, and 2 infants had subdural hematomas. Four of these 6 infants had neurologic symptoms or depressed skull fractures; 2 infants had no neurologic symptoms or depressed skull fractures. The neuroimaging was done to evaluate the cause of an excessive elevation of serum bilirubin and unexplained anemia. There were no remarkable differences between the infants with and without intracranial hematomas with respect to gestational age, birth weight, head circumference, diameter of the cephalhematoma, neurologic symptoms, and other clinical signs and symptoms. Conclusion : Based on this study, intracranial hematomas are common complications of cephalhematomas, thus more careful inspection and neuroimaging may be needed in cases of cephalhematomas in newborns.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.223-234
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• 2005

Objective : The objective of this study was to research depression with acupuncture & moxibustion treatment. Methods : We searched Chinese Medical Literature(published from 1985~2002) related to depression and acupuncture. Results : 1) PC6(內關), HT7(神門), ST36(足三里), GV20(百會), LR3(太衝), SP6(三陰交) are much used for the treatment depression. 2. LR3(太衝), CV17(전중), GB34(陽陵泉), ST40(豊隆), PC6(內關) are much used for the excess type of depression and PC6(內關), SP6(三陰交), HT7(神門), BL15(心兪) are much used for deficiency type of depression. 3. ST36(足三里), SP6(三稜交), HT7(神門), PC6(內關), HT5(通里), KI1(通泉) are used for the treatment depression in electroacupuncture therapy. BL15(心兪), BL20(脾兪),ST36(足三里) are used for the treatment depression in acupoint injection therapy. 4. In dermal needle therapy, it is used to tap slightly until the skin becomes congested in the region of Bladder meridian and nape, back of Governor Vessel. 5. It seems that psychotherapy, music therapy and light therapy will be applied for the treatment of depression. Conclusion : We expect that acupuncture treatment of depression will be applied practically in clinical medicine due to further study on depression with acupuncture.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1142-1147
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• 2005

생명체 안에는 정맥혈과 동맥혈이라는 두 가지 종류의 혈액이 흐른다. 여기에는 신체 내 세 가지 기관이 관여하는데, 간은 영양과 성장의 임무를 심장은 생명의 원동력을 뇌는 인지와 이성을 담당한다. 영양과 성장은 간에서 형성되는 '정맥혈'을 통해 형성되고 생명의 원동력은 심장에서 형성되는 '동맥혈'을 통해 전신으로 퍼진다. 이 혈액들은 심장으로 다시 돌아오지 않고 온 몸에 퍼져 소비된다. 혈액은 심장이 이완될 때 심장 안으로 빨아들여진다. 심장은 혈액을 펌프질하는 기능이 없으며 동맥이 그 스스로가 '박동성'을 가지고 혈액을 밀어낸다. 좌심실에서 정맥혈과 프네우마(Pneuma)가 섞이게 되는데 심장 오른쪽 심실과 심방의 정맥혈은 좌심실과 우심실 사이 중격(심실중격, interventricularseptum)의 작은 구멍을 통해 좌심실로 이동한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.265-267
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• 2007

고혈압을 진단하고 치료함에 있어 정기적인 혈압의 측정 및 관리는 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 요골 동맥혈에서 혈압 측정을 하기 위한 심전도 측정기와 광용적맥파 측정기를 설계하여 구성하였으며, 이를 이용한 맥파 전달 시간 측정을 LA(Left Arm), RA(Right Arm)에서 심전도와 요골동맥에서 광 용적맥파 신호를 측정하였다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1984

비접합성 골절의 치료를 위한 전기적인 방법으로는 관혈적이 방법, 부분적으로 관혈적인 방법, 비관혈적인 방법 들이 있는데, 비관혈적인 방식은 다른 방법들과는 달리 수술 등 외과적 처기 등이 필요하지 않을뿐더러 환자에게도 가장 안전한 방식이다. 본 논문에서는 유도 결합 현상을 이용한 반관혈적인 전기 자기 자극기를 설계, 제작하였으며, 임상 실험 겨과 좋은 결과를 보이고 있다.