• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2007

Objective : The study was done to investigate Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel's effects in the genomic level, by measuring gene expression in hyperthyroid induced rats using cDNA micro array. Methods : Spargue-Dawley rats were separated into three groups(each with 10 rats). Except normal group, the other two groups were treated with Sodium levothyroxine $160{\mu}g$/kg/days for 5 days by oral administration. After 2 hours of the last intake of Sodium levothyroxine on two experimental group, one group was treated Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel extract 1.0g/kg/days for 3 days. The other groups(normal group, administration group) was treated normal saline 1.0g/kg/days for 3 days. Gene expression of hyperthyroid rats were measured after medication of solid extract of Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel with cDNA microarray. Results : In thyroid tissue, the numbers of the genes showed over twice increase and decrease in the control group compared to the normal group were 296, in the Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel administration group compared to the normal group were 859 and in the hypothalamus, the numbers of the genes showed over twice increase and decrease in the control group compared to the normal group were 416, in the Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel administration group compared to the normal group were 391. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is suggested that Scrophulari buergeriana Miquel suppress hyperthyroidism effectively and regulate the gene expression in the thyroid and brain.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2006

Objective: The aim was to study experimentally the effects of Radix Scrophulariae (玄蔘) induced by Sodium levothyroxine. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats Were separated into four groups. Except for the normal group, the other three were treated with sodium levothyroxine $160{\mu}g/kg$ for 5 days. Among the three groups, two (except the control) were treated with Radix Scrophulariae extract 0.5g/kg (HNS 1) or 1.0g/kg (HNS II). $T_3-uptake,\;T_3,\;T_4$, TSH, total cholesterol, glucose, ALP, AST, ALT, free fatty acid, $\beta-lipoprotein$, and change in the serum of rats were measured after medication of solid extract of Radix Scrophulariae. Results: As a result of this study, HNS II showed significant decrease in comparison with the control in the serum $T_3-uptake,\;T_3$ ALP and free fatty acid content. HNS I and HNS II showed significant decrease in comparison with the control in the serum of $T_4$ and glucose content. HNS I and HNS II showed significant increase in comparison with the control in the serum of TSH and total cholesterol content. In body weight, HNS I and HNS II showed significant increase in comparison with the control. Conclusion: These results suggest that Radix Scrophulariae is effective to cure hyperthyroidism.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2006

비름과 쇠무릎등 총 36과 81속 90종의 약용식물을 대상으로 당근뿌리혹선충의 감염 여부를 조사한 결과, 쇠무릎 등 70종의 식물에서 당근뿌리혹선충 감염을 확인하지 못했고, 이들 70종 중 42종의 식물을 당근뿌리혹선충에 의한 더덕의 피해가 많았던 포장에 심고, 감염여부를 조사한 결과, 쇠무릎 등 26종은 당근뿌리혹선충에 거의 감염되지 않았고, 지치 등 16종은 감염되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 42종의 식물중 30종의 식물을 Pot 재배를 통하여 당근뿌리혹선충 접종밀도별 뿌리혹수와 토양 내 유충밀도를 조사한 결과 패랭이, 원추천인국, 기린초, 아주까리, 지모, 해변아욱, 애기똥풀, 흑참깨, 짚신나물, 큰뱀무, 오이풀, 현삼 등 12종은 당근뿌리혹선충에 거의 감염되지 않았음을 확인하였다. 반면에 더덕은 당근뿌리혹선충 접종밀도가 높을수록 뿌리혹수가 많아지고, 토양 내 유충밀도 역시 높아졌으며, 이에 따라 더덕의 생육은 접종밀도가 높을수록 나빠지는 경향이었다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

Objective : In the theory of Korean medicine, Scrophulariae Radix (SR) can clear away heat and cool the blood, nourish yin and promote the production of the body fluids, relieve toxin and benefit the throat. The present study was carried out to investigate effects of SR on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. Methods : In this experiment, effects of SR on clinical aspects on the skin, histopathological changes such as spongiosis, mast cell distribution, immune cell infiltration in tissue, spleen / body ratio and production levels of serum cytokines were investigated in vivo. In addition, effects on cell viability and release of b-hexosaminidase and histamine were also investigated in vitro. Results : SR treatment diminished erythema, desquamation and keratosis which were induced by repeated painting of DNCB. Spongiosis and edema were diminished by painting of SR in histopathological observation, infiltrations of mast cell and monocytes were also decreased in SR group. In addition, spleen / body ratio was lowered compared to ADC control group. Production level of IFN-${\gamma}$ in serum was decreased, but level of IL-4 did not affected by SR. Finally, more than 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ of SR treatment groups showed decreased cell viabilities in RBL-2H3 cells. Treatment with over 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ of SR decreased b-hexosaminidase release, and treatment with over 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ decreased histamine release in vitro. Conclusion : these data suggest that SR can decrease symptoms of ACD, then SR is useful to treat patient with ACD.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2005

Objectives : Scrophulariae Radix (SRE) is commonly used in combination with other herbs as a nutrient and health strengthening agent, and to remove 'heat' and replenish vital essence. The water-based extract of this herb can lower blood pressure in both anesthetized and concious animals, and exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity. But, there is lack of studies regarding the effects of SRE on the immunological activities in molecular levels. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SRE on the regulatory mechanism of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in Raw 264.7 cells. Method : After the treatment of Scrophulariae Radix methanol extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. COX-2 and iNOS were determined by Immunoblot analysis, and levels of cytokine were analyzed by sandwich immunoassays. Results : Results provided evidence that SRE inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), $interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$ and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the activation of phospholylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}\;(p-I{\kappa}B{\alpha})$ in Raw 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conclusion : These findings suggest that Scrophulariae Radix can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may playa role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제18권2호통권29호
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• pp.70-84
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• 2005

장석순(張錫純)$(1860{\sim}1933)$시청말민초시기적의가(是淸末民初時期的醫家), 통과대기소저(通過對其所著)${\ulcorner}$의학충중참서록(醫學衷中參西錄)${\lrcorner}$적제오기제삼권중(的第五期第三卷中), 관우(關于)'논간병치법'(論肝病治法)내용적연구(內容的硏究), 소득출적결론시(所得出的結論是), 기대간병적치법가개괄위평간법(其對肝病的治法可槪括爲平肝法), 산간법(散肝法), 화간법(化肝法), 유간법(柔肝法), 진간법(鎭肝法), 염간법(斂肝法), 보간법(補肝法), 완간법등팔법(緩肝法等八法). 평간법인위(平肝法認爲), 인지원기찰근우신, 맹아우간이유약역손(萌芽于肝而柔弱易損), 고불가관파간기(故不可關破肝氣). 차내경중(且內經中)'궐음불치(厥陰不治), 구지양명(求之陽明)'여금궤중(與金櫃中)'당선실비(當先實脾)', 도이서조간기위관건(都以舒調肝氣爲關鍵), 인차이승강탕여배비서간탕등립방(因此以昇降湯與培脾舒肝湯等立方), 차작위평간약중시료계지(且作爲平肝藥重視了桂枝). 산간법인위(散肝法認爲), 간위목장(肝爲木臟), 구유직향이성향상신전(具有直向而性向上伸展), 소이부응기성(所以符應其性), 이용신미산지(而用辛味散之), 즉가위보법(卽可爲補法). 작위산간약(作爲散肝藥), 기선용인진여맥아(其善用茵蔯與麥芽). 화간법시재간체증대(化肝法是在肝體增大), 혹간중유열(或肝中有熱), 혹간기울체(或肝氣鬱滯), 혹옹창시(或壅脹時), 작위산간달울지법(作爲散肝達鬱之法), 사용료시호(使用了柴胡), 유향(乳香), 몰약(沒藥), 차이활혈약당좌약사용적치법(且以活血藥當佐藥使用的治法), 우기중시료삼칠근(尤其重視了三七根). 유간법시근거(柔肝法是根據)'간악조희윤(肝惡燥喜潤), 조칙간체판경이간화간기즉망동(燥則肝體板硬而肝火肝氣卽妄動), 윤칙간체유화이간화간기장영정(潤則肝體柔和而肝火肝氣長寧靜)'적이론(的理論), 인위재치료중가선용당귀(認爲在治療中可選用當歸), 작약(芍藥), 백자인(柏子仁), 현삼(玄蔘), 구기자(枸杞子), 아교(阿膠), 별갑(鱉甲), 단불가장기사용(但不可長期使用). 기진간법시(其鎭肝法是), 재치료경간(在治療驚癎), 전광(癲狂), 현운(眩暈), 뇌충혈제증시(腦充血諸證時), 작위대표처방선용료진간식풍탕(作爲代表處方選用了鎭肝熄風湯). 염간법시근거기(斂肝法是根據其)'범인원기지탈(凡人元氣之脫), 개탈재간(皆脫在肝)'적독특이론(的獨特理論), 이내복탕등작위대표처방진행치료적방법(以來復湯等作爲代表處方進行治療的方法), 차대제양사용료산수유(且大劑量使用了山茱萸). 보간법시재간기허약이실기조달시사용적치법(補肝法是在肝氣虛弱而失其條達時使用的治法), 인위황기시보간적주약. 완간법시의거(緩肝法是依據)‘간고급(肝苦急), 급식감이완지(急食甘以,緩之)'지설이정적치법(之說而定的治法), 인위단미감초시대표약(認爲單味甘草是代表藥).

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2009

Objectives : From Scrophularia buergeriana water extract(SBW), has been used in vivo test for its beneficial effects on neuronal survival and neuroprotective functions, particularly in connection with APP-related dementias and Alzheimer's disease(AD). $A{\beta}$ oligomer derived from proteolytic processing of the ${\beta}$-amyloid precursor protein(APP), including the amyloid-${\beta}$ peptide($A{\beta}$), play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's dementia. Methods : Using drosophila APP model on APP-induced neuronal cytotoxicity, we demonstrated that SBW prevents neurotoxicity of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, which are the behavior, and possibly causative, feature of AD. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of SBW against the effects of oligomeric $A{\beta}$ and fly behaveior and life span by UAS-GRIM/APP-GAL within transgenic flies. Results and Conclusions : SBW repaired damage leading to the behaveior of APP-induced fly and delayed life span. These results suggest that neuronal damage in AD might be due to two factors: a direct $A{\beta}$ oligomer toxicity and multiple cellular and molecular neuroprotective mechanisms, including attenuation of apoptosis and direct inhibition of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, underlie the neuroprotective effects of SBW.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1223-1235
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• 2008

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of Hyeonsamdansameum(HDE) on hypertension. For the study of HDE, we had divided Sprague-Dawley rats to three groups-normal, control, HDE. The control group was injected subcutaneous with monocrotaline(50 mg/kg). The treatment group was injected subcutaneous with monocrotaline(50 mg/kg) and orally administered with HDE extract for 4 weeks(once a day, 208 mg/kg). Then we measured blood pressure, heart rate, on the plasma aldosterone, catecholamine, electrolyte, uric acid, BUN, creatinine, and observed the lung, cardiac muscle. liver. etc. The results of these were as follows: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase(SOD) - like activity were increased. reactive oxygen species (ROS) was decreased. Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity was increased in a concentration-dependent by HDE. HDE significantly increased body weight in monocrotaline hypertensive rat, so supported nearly normal group. HDE significantly decreased blood pressure and heart rate in monocrotaline hypertensive rat. HOE significantly decreased aldosterone in adrenocortical hormones. HDE significantly decreased dopamine. norepinephrine, epinephrine. Na+. Cl- were intended to decrease. K+ was decreased significantly by HDE. Uric acid. BUN were significantly decreased and creatinine was intended to decrease by HDE. HDE inhibited lung, liver and heart injury connected with hypertension. These results suggest that HDE is usefully applied in treatment and prevention of hypertension.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1016-1021
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• 2005

The purpose of this thesis is to dedicate to get the objectivity of herbal medicine treatments by choosing herbs likely to work as antibacterial agents, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Caesalpiniae Lignum, Houttuyniae Herba, Forsythiae Fructus, Prunellae Herba, Scrophulariae Radix against Gardnerella vaginalis which is associated with Bacterial vaginosis, making experiments on them and getting the significant results. Each herb's efficacy on control the number of Bacterial vaginosis is noticed by using Disk Susceptibility test with six herbs medicine and Broth dilution assay of the culture. Disk Suseptibility Test : The efficiency strength is as follows in a row : Caesaipiniae Lignum, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Prunellae Herba, Forsythiae Fructus, Houttuyniae Herba, Scrophulariae Radix. MIC Prunellae Herba is 1.5 mg/ml, Caesalpiniae Lignum is 5 mg/ml, Forsythiae Fructus and Moutan Corex Radicis is 10mg/ml for G. vaginalis. As a results, herbmed which tested in this study have an antibacterial effects against G. vaginalis and that may be used for treament of Bacterial vaginosis. Assistant use of external medicine to p.o medicine is expected to bring the good effect of treatment which is used for the origin of this disease.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2010

The present study was performed to investigate the putative anxiolytic-like effects of the aqueous extract of the roots of Scrophularia buergeriana (SB-W) using elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board apparatus in mice. SB-W was orally administered at doses of 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg to ICR mice, 1 h before the behavioral evaluation. Control group were administered with an equal volume of saline, and positive control group with buspirone (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The administration of SB-W significantly increased the percentage of time spent in open arms and entries into the open arms of the EPM compared with saline-treated control group (P < 0.05). Futhermore, those anxiolytic-like activities of SB-W were antagonized by flumazenil (a $GABA_A$ antagonist, 10 mg/kg), but not by WAY-100635 (a 5-$HT_{1A}$ antagonist, 0.3 mg/kg). Moreover, there were no changes in the locomotor activity and myorelaxant effects in any group compared with saline-treated control group. In the hole-board test, the administration of SB-W (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly increased the number of head-dipping compared with saline-treated control group (P < 0.05). Therefore, these findings suggest that Scrophularia buergeriana promotes the anxiolytic-like activity mediated by GABAergic nervous system in mice.