• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 2009

A naturalized species from Korean flora, Cymbalaria muralis P. Gaetrn. (Scrophulariaceae), is firstly recorded from a well-drained bare field at Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyong-gu, Seoul city. The genus Cymbalaria Hill has not recorded in Korea and C. muralis is easily distinguished from the other species of Scrophulariaceae by palmately-lobed leaves, vine-like stems and cylindrical spur at the base in its flower. The new Korean name is 'Deong-gul-he-ran-cho'. Descriptions, illustrations and photographs of this species are given.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.12 no.3_4
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• pp.89-90
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• 1968

현삼의 성분 p-methoxycinnamic acid의 전합성 기전을 검토하는 예비시험에서 trans-cinnamic acid의 출현을 동정하였다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2009

Inter-specific relationships among six species and two varieties, belonging to Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae), in Korea were re-examined based on both morphological and molecular data. Scrophularia takesimensis, a Korean endemic species, should be separated from S. grayana as an independent species based upon unique morphological characters such as non-winged stems, thickened leaves and glabrous surfaces of leaves, even though they share a lot of other features. It was found that S. grayana is distributed in Sokcho in Korea and along the coast of the East Sea north to far eastern Russia. Although some morphologies of three taxa, S. cephalantha, S. koraiensis var. velutina and S. kakudensis var. microphylla appeared to differ from each other, their ITS DNA sequence data was similar to that of S. kakudensis, suggesting that they might better be designated with the later species. The taxonomic position of S. koraiensis, only found in Korea, has been ambiguous, but ITS DNA sequence data in this study revealed that this species is distinct from S. kakudensis. Consequently, we conclude that the genus Scrophularia in Korea includes five species.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

Objectives : Cerebral ischemia resulting from transient or permanent occlusion of cerebral arteries leads to neuronal cell death and eventually causes neurological impairments. Scrophulariae radix is the roots of Scrophularia buergeria. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of Scrophulariae radix on apoptotic cell death in the hippocampal dentate gyrus following transient global ischemia in gerbils. Methods : For this study, step-down avoidance task, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 were performed. Results : The present results showed that apoptotic cell death in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was significantly increased following transient global ischemia in gerbils. Treatment with the aqueous extract of Scrophulariae radix suppressed the ischemia-induced apoptosis in the dentate gyrus and thus facilitated the recovery of short-term memory impairment induced by ischemic cerebral injury. Conclusions : Here in this study, we have shown that Scrophulariae radix has a positive effect on-and possesses protective qualities against ischemia-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death, and it can be used for the treatment of ischemic brain diseases.

• The Hankook-Saengyark Bo
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• no.93
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• pp.2-2
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• 1984

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 1999

The effects of storage temperature and periods as pretreatments on direct somatic embryogenesis or shoot development in liquid culture of leaves, stems and petioles of Rehmannia glutinosa and Scrophularia buergeriana were investigated. Proper storage Temperature for Rehmannia glutinosa was $8^{\circ}C$ and the leaf stock could be stored up to 12 weeks. In Scrophularia buergerjana. shoots were developed from the 20 week-stored petiole and stem at $8^{\circ}C$. In general, $8^{\circ}C$ was considered the most effective storage temperature in terms of storage cost.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1990

Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Pseudomonas viridiflava and Pseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis were tested for their pathogenicity to 35 kinds of domestic flowering plants. Among them, the following domestic flowering plants showed clear symptoms. 1. Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora : (Needle inoculation). Carnation(Dianthus catgophylius L.), madagascar periwinkle(Vinca rosea L.), flower gentle(Amaranthus tricolor L.), snapdragon(Antirrhinum majus L.), chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram.), mexiacan ageratum(Ageratum houstonianum Mill), china aster(Callistephus chinensis), youth and old age(Zinnia elegans Jacq.), common nasturtium(Tropaeorum majus L.), scarlet sage(Salvia splendens F.), dahlia(Dahia hybrida), pot marigold(Calendula officinalis L.), begonia treevine(Cissus dicolor Blume), cosmos(Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.), globe amaranth(Gomphrena globosa L.), black eyed susan(Thumbergia alata Bojer), common gypsophila(Gypsophila elegans Bieb.), ghent gladiolus(Gladiolus gandavensis Van.), indian shot(Canna orchiodes Bailey), iris(Iris nertschinskia Lodd), cyclamen primula(Dodecatheon meadia L.), scarlet kafir lily(Clivia miniata Regel.), flowering cabbage(Brassica oleracea L.). (Spray inoculation). Carnation, madagascar periwinkle, flower gentle, snapdragon, common nasturtium, ghent gladiolus, indian shot, cyclamen primula. 2. Pseudomonas viridiflava : (Needle inoculation). Carnation, madagascar periwinkle, snapdragon, chrysanthemum, cockscomb, mexican ageratum, china aster, common nasturtium, common petunia(Petunia hybrida Vilm), pot marigold, begonia treevine, cosmos, black eyed susan, common gypsophila, ghent gladiolus, indian shot, cyclamen primula, scarlet kafir-lily, flowering cabbage. (Spray inoculation). Common nasturtium, ghent gladiolus, indian shot, cyclamen primula. 3. Pseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis : (Needle inoculation). Carnation, madagascar periwinkle, flower gentle, snapdragon, cockscomb, mexican ageratum, youth and old age, common nasturitium, common petunia, sweet william(Dianthus barbatus L.), pot marigold, begonia treevine, cosmos, common gypsophila, ghent gladiolus, indian shot, iris, cyclamen primula, scarlet kafir-Lily, flowering cabbage. (Spray inoculation). Common nasturtium, ghent gladiolus, indian shot, cyclamen primula.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2011

Scrophulariae Radix (Scrophulariaceae) has been traditionally used to treat pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, fever, and edema. To compare the quality of the Scrophulariae Radix produced from Gyeongbuk with that from China, a quantitative analysis on the major component, E-harpagoside, was performed by reversed-phase HPLC, and a relative inhibitory activity of nitric oxide (NO) was assayed in the Raw 264.7 cells. Using a Luna $C_{18}$(2) column, we carried out quantitative analysis with a gradient of 0.1% phosphoric acid in water and acetonitrile. Our results demonstrated that the content of E-harpagoside in Gyeongbuk's Scrophulariae Radix were three times higher than that of Chinese. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of Scrophulariae Radix of Gyeongbuk's in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production was higher than that of Chinese.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2019

The roots of Scrophularia buergeriana were extracted with 80% aqueous Methanol and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H₂O fractions. The repeated silica gel or octadecyl SiO₂column, and medium pressure liquid chromatographies for the n-BuOH fraction led to isolation of phenylethanoid glycosides and iridoid glycosides. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as harpagoside (1), angoroside C (2), aucubin (3) and acetoside (4) based on spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. A simple and efficient HPLC with UV detection method for the simultaneous determination of the four compounds (1-4) has been developed and applied to their content determination in the S. buergeriana. The roots were extracted by 80% methanol, and the contents of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were determined to 11.5, 7.6, 41.2, and 4.8 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, angoroside C (2) and acetoside (4) exhibited hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cell line.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2000

To determine the proper carbon and nitrogen sources and their proper levels for mass micro propagation of Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel, tonic and curing cough experiment were applied and a method for mass cultivation by using bioreactors (2.5 L) was expinined. Proper ratio of $NH_4NO_3\;:\;$KNO_3$ was 413 mg/L : 1900 mg/L for multiple shoot production. Sucrose was more effective than glucose or fractose as carbon source and 3% concentration was good for shoot formation. Total nitrogen was not detected after six weeks both in 500 ml flask and bioreactor culture. Sucrose was decreased sharply after two weeks and there was no sucrose left after three weeks both in 500 ml flask and bioreactor culture. The stirrer in bioreactor caused shear stress to shoots severely. The sphere type bioreactor was better than the cylinder type and removal of inner loop in sphere type was more effective to avoid shear stress.