• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.372-382
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• 2000

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to explore the differences in the effect of aromatherapy according to the type of Sasang constitution. The subjects were fifty-three nursing students experiencing clinical practice from March 10th. 2000 to April 22nd, 2000. For experiment, researcher used inhalation of 2% grape seed oil mixed with Rosemary oil for 2 minutes and massage with same oil for 20 minutes on the back of subjects in the speed of 20 strokes per minutes. The instruments used for this study were Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Class II program for personal computer developed by Kim Sun Ho et al., (1996), and Mood Questionnaire developed by Ryman. Biersner, & Larocco (1974). The concentration of IgA within saliva was analyzed by immunoturbidimeter assay. The data were analyzed using SPSS and hypotheses were examined with paired t-test and ANCOVA. The results were as follows : 1) The mean score of mood was increased significantly after aromatherapy. 2) The mean concentration of salivary IgA was increased significantly after aroma therapy. 3) There was no significant difference in the mean score of mood after aromatherapy according to the type of Sasang constitution, 4) There was no significant difference in the mean concentration of salivary IgA after aromatherapy according to the type of Sasang constitution. In conclusion, the results suggest that aromatherapy with Rosemary oil have effect on the improvement of mood and IgA within saliva in the nursing students under stress caused by clinical practice regardless of the type of Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1357-1367
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• 2000

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to explore the effect of aromatherapy massage on the mood, the milk ejection reflex, and the immunoglobulin A of the breast milk of mothers who gave birth through a Cesarean section delivery. Twenty mothers who had Cesarean section were selected as an experimental group, and twenty-two were in the control group. Lavander and Rosemary oil mixed with Jojova carrier oil was used to massage the back, both axillar and breasts. Aromatherapy massage was done once a day for 20 minutes by the researcher. Each session consisted of 4 minutes for warm-up, 14 minutes for massage and 2 minutes for closure. The levels of IgA within the breast milk was analyzed by an immunoturbidimeter assay (Cobas INTEGRA, Roche, Swiss) before and after aromatherapy massage. Mood and milk ejection reflex were measured by self-reports at the same time. The data were analyzed using SPSS 7.5 and the hypotheses were tested by ANCOVA and the Pearson coefficient correlation. The results were as follows : 1) Score of mood increased significantly after the use of aromatherapy massage. 2) Score of milk ejection reflex increased significantly after the use of aromatherapy massage. 3) Level of IgA of breast milk did not change significantly after the use of aromatherapy massage.4) After the use of aromatherapy massage, there wasn't any correlation among mood, milk ejection reflex, and level of IgA of breast milk. In conclusion, the results suggest that aromatherapy massage is an effective nursing intervention to enhance the mood and the milk ejection reflex and to increase the rate of breastfeeding in the breastfeeding mothers under stresses like a Cesarean section.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1284-1293
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effect of aromatherapy on skin xerosis and pruritus in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Twenty one subjects of this study were selected from St. Paul's Hosipital in Seoul. All the subjects were received the mineral oil massage at the arm without fistular three timesper week for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks period of wash-out, the subjects were received the aromatherapy of lavender and tea tree essence oil in the same way. This study was carried out from March 20 to June 13, 1998. Pruritus score, skin pH and stratum corneum hydration were measured before and after each treatment. But, biochemical parameters were measured before the treatment of the mineral oil massage, after the treatment of the mineral oil massage and the aromatherapy. Data of this study were analyzed by paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows ; 1. Pruritus score was significantly decreased after the aromatherapy, while no significant change after the treatment of the mineral oil massage. Therefore, there was a significant difference in the priritus score between the two treatments. 2. Stratum corneum hydration was significantly increased after the aromatherapy, while no significant change after the treatment of the mineral oil massage. Therefore, there was a significant difference in the stratum corneum hydration between the two treatments. 3. Skin pH was significantly increased after the treatment of the mineral oil massage, while no significant change after the aromatherapy. Therefore, there was no significant difference in the skin pH between the two treatments.4. After the aromatherapy, the serum calcium was significantly increased. Whereas the serum parathyroid hormone intact was significantly decreased compared with the treatment of the mineral oil massage. But the level of the serum Ca and PTH-intact were within the normal range. 5. Stratum corneum hydration was decreased corresponding to the duration of hemodialysis, while pruritus score and skin pH showed no change corresponding to the duration of hemodialysis and the age of the subjects. The correlation of pruritus score on skin pH, stratum corneum hydration and biochemical parameters was not significant. In conclusion, this findings indicate that aromatherapy may be effective in decreasing skin xerosis and pruritus score in uremic pruritus patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-30
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aroma therapy and foot reflex massage on stress, depression, and sleep pattern of institutionalized elderly. The design of this study was non-equivalent control group pre-posttest design. The data were collected from February 24 to April 9 of 2005. Fifty-one elderly were divided into two groups, 26 institutionalized elderly for the experimental group and 25 institutionalized elderly for the control group. The experimental group underwent aromatherapy and foot reflex massage two days per week(40 minutes per session} over five weeks period. Stress(subjective stress and serum cortisol level), depression, and sleep pattern were assessed in both groups before and after intervention. Five weeks after intervention were spended, the experimental group was again assessed. Five weeks without intervention were spended, the control group was again assessed. The data were analyzed by the statistical program SPSS WIN 12. The results of this study were as follows; $\cdot$ Stress of the experimental group with the intervention was significantly lower than that of the control group. $\cdot$ Depression of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. $\cdot$ Sleep pattern of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. In conclusion, the aroma therapy and foot reflex massage program had positive effect on Institutionalized elderly's on stress(subjective stress and serum cortisol level), depression, and sleep pattern.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a CD program of applied logotherapy for psycho spiritual care of late adolescents with terminal cancer. Methods: Keller & Song's ARCS theory and a model for developing learning materials was applied to develop this program composed four distinct phases: planning, designing, developing, and evaluation stages. Results: This program was entitled 'Finding meaning in my life' and consisted of 5 sessions and its educational contents were made up as follows: "First Secret" is 'learning three natures of the human mind', "Second Secret" is 'learning creative values first method to find meaning of life', "Third Secret" is 'learning experiential value as second method to find meaning of life', "Fourth Secret" is 'learning attitudinal value as third method to find meaning of life', and "Fifth Secret" is 'Becoming the master of my life'. The sub-menu was made up of 'Beginning', 'Opening mind', 'Learning'. 'Laughing Song', 'Experiencing'. Conclusion: This CD program applied logotherapy with flash animation technique as an emotional and spiritual nursing intervention program for easier and more scientific application in pediatric oncology and hospice care area.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2023

This study was described about the EEG response results of tea tree oil fragrance for the development of functional shampoo additives. In the case of experimenters (1) the intensity change of the right brain alpha wave in electroencephalographic (EEG) response was increased after inhalation of the tea tree oil fragrance. (2) the change of physical tension and stress both the left brain and the right brain in EEG response showed a tendency to decrease after inhalation compared to before inhalation of the tea tree fragrance. (3) the mental distraction and stress was decreased after experimenters inhales the tea tree oil fragrances. These means the tea tree fragrances have both mental stability and stress relief. From above results, we prepared the functional shampoo additives with tea tree oil, and the we determined the alpha wave in EEG response after the functional shampoo additive fragrance for experimenters. As results, (4) the alpha wave intensity in left and right brain was significantly decreased after inhaling the functional shampoo additives fragrance. (5) physical tension and stress changes were decreased after inhalation of functional shampoo additive fragrance. (6) mental distraction and stress changes were also decreased after inhalation of functional shampoo additive fragrance. , From above results, the functional shampoo additives could be used as physical and mental relievers. Furthermore, the functional shampoo additives have the effects of scalp calming when the experimenter was treated shampoo with the functional shampoo additives.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.273-281
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of aromatherapy on headache, stress and immune response of students with tension-type headache. Method: This study employed a two-group pre-post test study design. Data was collected from 44 subjects. Twenty-two subjects were assigned to the experimental group and received aromatherapy massage every other day for 3 weeks, but the other 22 subjects were in the control group and did not receive any intervention. Experiment had been conducted from Apr. 9 through Aug. 25, 2001 and intensity of headache, stress response (serum cortisol, life stress) and immune response(T-cell and natural killer cell ratio) were measured in the course of aromatherapy for both experimental group and control group. Data were analyzed by using $X^2$-test, t-test, Paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Result: Headache scores, serum cortisol levels and life stress scores were significantly decreased in the experimental group after treatment compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings is suggested that the aromatherapy could be an effective nursing intervention in relaxing and relieving the pain caused by tension-type headache for students.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of aroma oil inhalation using lavender mixed with bergamot, and sandalwood oil in the ratio of 3:2:1 to the anxiety of colonoscopy patients. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pre-post time experimental research. The data were collected from December, 2004 to March 2005. The total subjects were 60 patients who received colonoscopy at K-hospital in Chuncheon City. An aroma oil inhalation group inhaled for 10 min the mixed aroma oil, 3 drops of which were dropped on the gauze, 20 min before colonoscopy. Result: The anxiety of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p=.001). The degree of systolic blood pressure on the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p=.031). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the diastolic pressure (p=.065). Pulse has no significant difference between the aroma oil inhalation and control group (p=.546). Conclusion: The result showed that aroma oil inhalation before colonoscopy has an effect on decreasing anxiety. Thus, the intervention with aroma oil inhalation can be used for relieve anxiety of patients for colonoscopy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.276-286
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• 2005

Purpose: The study is to investigate the effects of tea tree oil gargling on oral cavity micro-organism growth and on the perceived discomfort of patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used to determine the effects of tea tree oil gargling on oral cavity for 20 second after using it for one week, twice a day. The sample consisted of two groups of patients receiving chemotherapy : 19 patients in experimental and 20 patients in control group. The instruments used in the study were Oral Assessment Guide(OAG), a measure of perceived symptoms on oral cavity, and a test of oral mucosal micro-organism culture. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, repeated measure of ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in micro-organism culture test of oral mucosa. The experimental group showed a lower number and fewer kinds of micro-organisms than the control group. Conclusion: It is considered that use of tea tree oil is effective in infection control of the oral cavity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

The purposes of this study were to identify the stress level of nursing students prior to clinical training and to examine the effects of aromatherapy on stress, stress perception, and mood during clinical practice. This study was a randomized control trial using a pre-post test conducted from May-July 2016. A total of 41 junior nursing students were recruited. The experimental group (n=22) underwent aroma inhalation using a necklace containing lavender essential oil and a control group (n=19) used a normal saline necklace. There were significant improvements in stress (p=.023) and mood levels in the experimental group (p=.006). The difference in stress perception between the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant (p=.382). Aroma therapy might be useful for decreasing stress and improving their positive mood during clinical practice for nursing students.