• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.62-78
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• 2023

The act of burning incense originated from Buddhist rituals and customs, and gradually formed its own culture. In the Goryeo Dynasty, in addition to religious and national rituals, incense came to be enjoyed more generally and widely. In particular, Goryeo literati enjoyed the elegant lifestyle of staying home and burning incense. This was part of a regional culture shared across East Asia. Such incense burning applied the same methods as were used during the same period in China. In collections of writings from the Goryeo Dynasty, it can be seen that incense methods such as gyeok-hwa-hoon-hyang (隔火熏香) and jeon-hyang (篆香) were used. A particular method of incense influenced the size and shape of the incense burner utilized. Small incense burners suitable for simple everyday incense were used, such as the hyangwan (香垸), a cup (wine glass)-shaped burner. White porcelain incense burners from Song were discovered in Gaegyeong, and celadon incense burners from Goryeo were made in the same shape. This phenomenon shows that there was great demand for ceramic incense burners in Goryeo in the 12th and 13th centuries. During this period, incense burners that imitated metalware were produced, and some applied the techniques and patterns of Goryeo celadon. The Goryeo Dynasty-era incense burner was basically a necessity for use in various rituals, but gradually came to be widely used also by individuals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.584-586
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• 2022

In this paper, we proposed an augmented reality(AR) service for the Great Gilt-bronze Incense Burner of Beakje - one of Korea's national treasures - using smart glasses. The proposed AR service was developed using Microsoft's HoloLens 2, MRTK, and Unity programs. The proposed service starts when the user wears HoloLens 2 and looks at a QR code next to the displayed the Great Gilt-bronze Incense Burner. Then, the proposed service visually provides users with the historical explanation of the Great Gilt-bronze Incense Burner and the objects in it. In particular, the proposed service augments virtual 5 musicians of the Great Gilt-bronze Incense Burner so that users can experience the performance culture of the Baekje era. Therefore, we can provide users with the value and meaning of the cultural heritage of the Baekje era as an expanded experience by using the virtual 5 musicians to overcome the current temporal and spatial constraints. We can confirm whether the proposed AR service is provided to users through HoloLens 2, in harmony with the Great Gilt-bronze Incense Burner of Baekje, a cultural heritage.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.325-331
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• 2013

The Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner which was excavated in an ancient temple site in Neungsan-ri, within the City wall of Buyeo-Gun on 23rd December 1993, was a quintessence of the Bakje Arts that people could not have imagined until that time. The Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner transcended 1400 years of time and space. The censer that finally came up to us delivered a kind of a powerful message to us. The power was so strong and mysterious that as if an ancestor who had been sleeping in the grave with a great silent had woken up and become alive to tell us something very precious. Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner, unlike any other existing artifacts, might have a possibility that could provide an insight of the ancients' psych who once lived on our land. This kind of view from several archaeologists, therefore, made our hearts be filled with excitement and flutter. We call 21st century as an era of culture. This era requests that the culture needs to be ethnical but the culture also needs to go beyond that ethnic. In other words, a culture without an ethnic cannot exist, and a culture that puts an ethnic the very first before any other things cannot exist as well. Regaining our identities first and then embracing and harmonizing various cultures can be an wise way overcoming above problem. Hence, through this study, I intend to recognize characteristic of plasticity for Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner, understand the world of Baekje people's spirit and thus provide an opportunity to shed new light on the Baekje Arts. By doing so, I would like to publicize a metal craft of Korea to the world. I also try to seek for an identity of Korea's craft culture which is receding and find a direction for the Korea's craft.

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.309
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• pp.6-7
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• 2001

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.6
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• pp.31-37
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• 2005

The copper incense burner inlaid with gold and silver and purchased by the National Museum of Korea in 2002 was to be corroded severely throughout the surface. It was difficult to recognize the part with silver inlaying. Using the abrasive method with alumina, however, its splendid inlaying patterns were restored. Prior to applying the abrasive method, the quality was examined, and a material that could help bring out the patterns without causing too much damage to the artifact, selected. The overall condition of the incense burner was also checked through X-ray equipment to know the condition of the gold and silver inlaying, and by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to confirm the composition of the incense burner and gold and silver inlaying. The result of this process is expected to serve as valuable data in future research on incense burners inlaid with gold and silver.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2022

본 연구는 한반도의 중심 생태 축인 백두대간의 최북단이자 산림유전자원보호구역인 향로봉(1296m) 및 칠절봉(1172m), 둥굴봉(1305m)의 관속식물상을 조사하여 생태적 가치를 연구하고 생물 종 다양성 보전을 위해 진행하였다. 향로봉을 중심으로 2021년 6월부터 2022년 8월까지 총 5회 현장 조사를 실시한 결과, 총 70과 181속 237종 12아종 21변종 1품종 등 총 271분류군으로 확인되었다. 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 총 7분류군으로, 멸종위기(CR) 등급은 날개하늘나리, 끈끈이장구채, 봉래꼬리풀로 3분류군, 취약(VU) 등급은 만삼, 금강초롱꽃 등 2분류군, 위기(EN) 등급은 두메닥나무, 국화방망이로 2분류군이 확인되었다. 북방계식물은 껍질용수염, 개시호, 만삼 등 80분류군으로, 전체 분류군 중 28.8%를 차지하는 것으로 확인되었다. 한국특산식물은 한라사초, 할미밀망, 토현삼 등 17분류군이 확인되었다. 외래식물은 서양민들레, 애기수영, 토끼풀 등 11분류군이 확인되어 전체 분류군 중 3.9%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 확인된 식물구계학적 특정식물 중 V급은 날개하늘나리, 솜다리 등 2분류군으로 나타났으며, 그 외 IV급 15분류군, III급 25분류군, II급 38분류군, I급 14분류군이 확인되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.64-67
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• 2006

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.470-479
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to identify the reason behind the expansion of exhaust holes and inhalational holes through high-definition filming and measurement of The Gilt-bronze Incense Burner of Baekje. In the proposed experiment, based on the original data obtained after a precise three-dimensional (3D) scan of the said incense burner, the precision replica and the commercial replica of the incense burner were subjected to a 3D scan. The overall shape and detailed patterns were subsequently compared with the original data. Furthermore, the incense-burning experiment was conducted according to the sizes and opened or unopened states of the exhaust and inhalational holes by employing the precision replica of the actual real relic for examining the internal structure of the lid and for studying the sizes and locations of the smoke holes. The results indicate that depending on the sizes of the exhaust and inhalational holes, the lower-line air intake holes can cause incomplete combustion in the incense burner. Depending on the opened or unopened states of the exhaust and inhalational holes, the phoenix air exhaust holes and upper-line air exhaust holes play a primary role in releasing the smoke, whereas the lower-line air intake holes play a primary role in smoke inhalation.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.41-55
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• 2012

On the basis of vegetation data collected by point-centered quarter method in analysis in Baekdudaegan of Gangwon province in the area of Hyangrobong, Odaesan, Seokbyeongsan, Dutasan, Deokhangsan and Hambaeksan, the study was carried out to classify forest communities and to evaluate the successional trends. The classification method of cluster analysis was used to make various disordered forests into several common groups for 1,004 sample points all together. By clustering the forests in the six study areas were classified into 28 forest communities, which were subjected to aggregate 8 representative forest communities on the count of species composition and species diversity. They were Mesophytic mixed forest community, others deciduous forest community, Quercus mongolica (dominant) community, Q. mongolica (pure) community, Pinus densiflora - Q. mongolica community, P. densiflora community, Betula ermanii community and Q. mongolica - Pinus koraiensis community. The ecological outlook from the result indicated that P. densiflora community and P. densiflora - Q. mongolica community, which were located in Seokbyeongsan, Dutasan and Deokhangsan around 1,000m above the sea level showed lower species diversity index. On the contrary Mesophytic mixed forest community, others deciduous forest community which was located in Hyangrobong, Odaesan and Hambaeksan mostly in protected area and national park around 1,500m above the sea level displayed higher species diversity index. As the composition ratio of Q. mongolica within a certain community was decreased, the species diversity was generally increased, assumed that abundance of Q. mongolica might be negatively associated with species diversity in the national deciduous forest.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.347-372
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for management of the ecosystem of Baekdudaegan Mountains by surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed from Hyangrobong area to Guryongryeong area. The numbers of vascular plants in the whole survey areas were summarized as 633 taxa including 95 families, 321 genera, 549 species, 4 subspecies, 70 varieties, and 10 forms. There were 285 taxa in Hyangrobong area, 256 taxa in Masanbong area, 318 taxa in Mt. Seoraksan area, 281 taxa in Mt. Jeombongsan area, 173 taxa in Bukamryeong and Ohsaekcheon valley area, 197 taxa in Soenadeuri area, 203 taxa in Yeongarigol area, and 168 taxa in Guryongryeong area. The endangered species were 2 taxa including Leontice microrrhyncha and Smilacina bicolor. The rare plants were 39 taxa including Pinus pumila, Halenia corniculata, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, and so forth. In IUCN Red List categories, there were 2 taxa of CR, 7 taxa of EN, 10 taxa of VU, 18 taxa of LC, and 2 taxa of DD. The Korean endemic plants were 23 taxa including Salix koriyanagi, Anemone koraiensis, Lespedeza maritima, Cirsium setidens, Saussurea seoulensis, Carex okamotoi, and so forth. The plants adaptable to climate change were 48 taxa including 17 taxa of endemic plants, 1 taxon of southern plant, and 30 taxa of northern plants. The naturalized plants were 32 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum, Cerastium glomeratum, Papaverrhoeas, Bidensfrondosa, Lolium perenne, and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Rumex acetocella, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Ambrosia trifida.