• Korean Architects
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• no.6 s.254
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• pp.12-25
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• 1990

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.2
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• pp.288-292
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• 1966

• 프린팅코리아
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• s.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 2002

현존 세계 최고의 금속활자본 직지심체요절이 지난해 9월 유네스코의 세계기록문화유산으로 등재됨으로써 5천년 문화민족으로서의 자긍심을 높이고 있다. 이에 따라 우리나라는 기록문화유산 4건을 비롯 해인사대장경판 등 세계문화유산 7건, 무형유산 1건 등 12건의 세계문화유산을 보유하게 됐다. 세계유산 중 가장 많은 부분을 차지하고 있는 것이 ‘인쇄’ 또는 이와 관련된 것들이다. 문화재청의 자료협조를 받아 세계유산에 대해 자세히 알아본다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.8 no.1 s.11
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• pp.33-39
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• 1999

The Koryo Buddihist Canon Printing Wood Blocks are stored in excellent condition for more than 750 years at the Haein-sa Monastery, Hapchon, Kyoungnam. The lacquer coating may be a reason for the conservation of the wood blocks among many reasons. We studied the lacquer coatings and compared these with authentic lacquer sample by several methods including IR and UV spectroscopy and pyrolysis/GC/MSD.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.23
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• pp.77-93
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• 2002

There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects, especially termites. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. In Korea, we primarily use mvestigation of monitoring, fumigation, treatment of insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals, soil termiticide treatment, and termite colony elimination system. As damages by termites were detected at Eunghyanggak and Saundang of Haeinsa temple in June, 1998, we carried out monitoring with wooden device, in order to investigate damages of wooden building by termite and paths of termite invasion. According to the result of investigation of monitoring from1999 to 2002, we found that termites were inhabiting continually at forests around Haeinsa and that wooden buildings such as Saundang, Cheonghwadang were damaged by termites. So we thought that control methods such as soil termiticide treatment and termite colony elimination system would be effective. Especially, to investigate efficacy of termite colony elimination system, we carried out efficacy test of termite colony elimination system in Jongmyo during 17 months(2000.7.~2001.11.). The result of efficacy test showed that termite colony elimination system eliminated termite colonies gradually(over 12 months from installation of colony elimination system to elimination of termite colony).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 1989

가죽나무 (Alianthus altissima Swingle) 수간(樹幹)의 지항고(地上高) 180cm 부위(部位)에 19mm 너비의 플라스틱 밴드를 결체(結締)하여 1년간(年間) 방치(放置)한 후 이 밴드를 결체(結締)하여 주므로써 수가(樹幹)을 둘러싸는 원반형태(圓盤形態)의 과대(過大)한 비대생장(肥大生長) 조직(組織)인 종양상조직(腫瘍狀組織)(tumorous tissue)이 형성(形成)되고 이러한 종양상(腫瘍狀) 조직(組織)의 원반(圓盤)과 상하(上下)에 위치(位置)한 정상형태(正常形態)의 원반(圓盤)을 채취(採取)하여 해부학적(解剖學的) 차이(差異)를 조직학적(組織學的) 특성(特性)면에서 조사(調査) 비교(比較)하였다. 종양상(腫瘍狀) 부위(部位)에서는 이상적(異常的)으로 넓은 연륜폭(年輪幅)을 지니는 중양재(腫瘍材)(tumor wood)가 밴드 해체(解締) 다음 해인 제(第)3연륜(年輪)에서 형성(形成)되었으며 밴드 결체기간(結締期間)중에 생장(生長)한 제(第)2연륜내(年輪內)에서는 내부(內部)로 발달(發達)된 변색재(變色材)(discolored wood)와 외부(外部)로 발달(發達)한 정상재색(正常材色)을 구분하는 방어대(防禦帶)(barrier zone)가 형성(形成)되어 있었으며 이 종양상(腫瘍狀) 부위(部位)의 상하(上下)에 위치(位置)한 정상형태(正常形態)의 부위(部位)에서는 정상재색(正常材色)을 나타내는 제(第)2연륜내(年輪內)에 방어대(防禦帶)에 해당하는 위연륜상대(僞年輪狀帶)(false ring-like zones)가 형성(形成)되어 있었는데 이러한 방어대(防禦帶)와 위연륜상대(僞年輪狀帶)는 비정상적(非正常的)으로 과다한 이상형태(異常形態)의 유세포(柔細胞)와 상해(傷害)검구(溝) 및 검강(腔)으로 구성되어 있는 특징(特徵)을 나타내고 있다. 종양상(腫瘍狀) 부위(部位)에 있어서 종양재((腫瘍材)인 제(第)3연륜(年輪)과 방어대(防禦帶)후에 발달(發達)한 제(第)2연륜부분(年輪部分)은 불규칙(不規則)한 연륜계(年輪界), 매우 불규칙적(不規則的)인 구조(構造)를 지니는 이상조직(異常組織), 비정상적(非正常的)인 형태(形態)를 나타내는 목섬유(木纖維) 및 도관요소(導管要素), 비정상적(非正常的)인 형태(形態)를 지니는 방사조직(放射組織)을 가지며 추재부(秋材部)에 고립관공(孤立管孔) 및 복합관공(複台管孔)이 발달(發達)하며 스트랜드유세포(柔細胞)와 방사유세포(放射柔細胞)에 결정(結晶)이 존재(存在)한다는 면에서 서로 유사(類似)하였다. 그리고 제(第)3연륜(年輪)인 종양재(腫瘍材)의 춘재부(春材部) 관공(管孔)의 수(數)는 정상재(正常材)보다 작은 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.194-215
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• 2021

Termites are important decomposers in the ecosystem. They are also economically significant structural pests. In this study, we reviewed the developments of termite control and recent research on termite management to provide information on the prevention and control of termites. In Korea, most of the damage to wooden historical buildings is caused by subterranean termites. Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis is the main species, which is widely found throughout the country. In the early 1900s, inorganic insecticides, such as arsenic dust, were used for termite control. After the synthesis of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide in the 1940s, it was widely utilized and demonstrated high termite control efficacy. However, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides were later banned, disappearing from markets after reports emerged concerning environmental contamination and toxicity to humans. Therefore, the termite control industry sought a new termiticide; hence many pesticides were utilized for termite control. Organophosphate (1960s), carbamate (1970s), pyrethroid, and insect growth inhibitor (1980s) were newly synthesized and adopted. In the 1990s, the first commercial baits using chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSI) were developed, providing a means to eliminate an entire colony of subterranean termites around a structure. Many studies have been carried out on soil termiticides (liquid termiticides) and CSI baits to increase their efficacy, and different baits such as aboveground bait stations, fluid bait, and high-durability bait were also developed in the 2000s. In addition, the paradigm of termite control has shifted from localized treatments using soil termiticides to area-wide pest management using CSI baits to create termite-free zones and protect buildings over time. Termite infestations in wooden historical buildings in Korea have been reported since 1980, and considerable attention was drawn in the 1990s when several UNESCO world heritages such as the Jongmyo Shrine and the Janggyeong Panjeon Depositories of Haeinsa Temple were infested by subterranean termites. Since then, a survey of termite infestation in wooden architectural heritage has been conducted, and the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Heritage Care Program regularly monitors those properties. Finally, we suggest termite management using primarily CSI baits, selective application of various soil treatments applied to the object, foundation soil treatment, research and development of durable termite baits, application of area-wide programs for wooden-building complexes, application of integrated termite management (ITM), and regular education for owners and managers to prevent and reduce termite damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.758-765
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• 2016

In this study, wave damping due to a permeable bed of finite depth was modelled using a complementary mild-slope equation for stream function. The energy dissipating term in the mild-slope equation was presented in terms of stream function. In order to prevent re-reflection of reflected waves along the outer boundary, a delta-function-shaped source function was derived to generate a wave in a computational domain. Numerical experiments were conducted to measure the reflection coefficient of waves over a planar slope for various incident wave periods. The numerical result of the proposed model was compared with that of an integral equation method, showing good agreement in general. However, the proposed model showed relatively higher transmission rate for the larger permeability and the longer wavelength.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate occurence of microbiales density and characteristics of xylanase produced by those in Janggyeong Panjeon. Cladosporium cladosporioides H1, Penicillium citreonigrum H3, Penicillilum toxicarium H4, Aspergillus versicolor H6, Acremonium alternarium H7 isolated from Janggyeong Panjeon produced xylanase, which had different production rates and specialized activities in an acidic condition. Cladosporium cladosporioides H1, Aspergillus versicolor H6, and Acremonium alternatum H7 produced xylanase at a faster rate than other fungi. A xylanase of Cladosporium cladosporioides H1 and Penicillilum toxicarium H4 showed a high thermostability in an acidic condition. As results, this study may lead to the development of a strategy for preservation of organic cultural heritages.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.3
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• pp.287-301
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• 1989

A tree of Ailanthus altissima Swingle was fastened with a plastic band, 19mm wide, around the stem 180cm above ground level and was left to grow under this condition for one year, By removal of this band the tumorous tissue gradually developed and the tree bearing distinct tumorous tissue, an overgrowth surrounding the stem, was harvested two years after the band removal. For the investigation of this tumorous part and its comparison with adjacent normal parts in the anatomical features of individual elements, the tumorous part and parts directly and 40cm above and below the tumorous part were obtained from the tree. The tumor wood having remarkably wider growth increment occurred in the 3rd growth ring the first year after removal of the fastened band, and the barrier zone which delimited the discolored wood from the normal-colored wood inwards appeared u1 the intra-2nd growth ring produced during the fastened period in the tumorous part and the false ring-like zones equivalent to barrier Zone were shown in the normal-colored 2nd growth rings of the parts directly and 40cm above and below the tumorous part, as well. The tumor wood, the 3rd growth ring, and proportion of the 2nd growth ring formed after barrier zone in the tumorous part shared common characteristics in the irregular growth ring boundary, misshapen and shorter individual fibers and vessel elements, and large ray widths and heights. The springwood pores were smaller in diameter in the tumor wood, and the larger radial and smaller tangential diameters of summerwood solitary pores and individual pores consisting of pore multiples in proportion of the 2nd growth ring formed after the barrier zone were transformed into near-isodiametric in the tumor wood, the 3rd growth ring, in the tumorous part. Only in proportion of the 2nd growth ring formed after the barrier zone were transformed into near-isodiametric in the tumor wood, the 3rd growth ring, in the tumorous part, ray densities greatly increased. And the massive tumor wood was caused not by cell size but by cell number because the radial and tangential diameters of fibers in the tumor wood, the 3rd growth ring, in the tumorous part were not sufficiently different from those in the same aged growth rings of the directly and 40cm above and below the tumorous part.