• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.123.1-123
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.35-37
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• 2003

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2003

In diurnal activity of the black-crowned night herons on breeding season, activity budget was that male were standing(29.5%), preening(21.5%), comfort(10.9%), and female were resting(26.3%), repairing (18.4%), preening(15.3%) in sequence. Activity budget was high significant between male and female(p<0.01). In case of activity-time budget sequence, male was standing(38.7%), locomotion(33.8%), preening(11.5%), and female was resting(55.4%), standing(18.4%), preening(9.4%). Therefore, activity-time budget was significantly different in male and female(p<0.01).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2013

A wild black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) with dehydration and a non-weight bearing lameness of the left leg was rescued. On physical examination, the left knee was displaced laterally at almost a $90^{\circ}$ angle with firm swelling and crepitus in the area of the coxofemoral joint. Radiographs confirmed cranio-dorsal coxofemoral luxation. A closed reduction attempt failed. The coxofemoral joint luxation was reduced surgically by placement of the femoral neck next to the pelvis with a suture. Ten days after surgery, radiographs and computed tomography showed the femoral neck and head were positioned well within the acetabulum. At 20 days, the bird was using the affected limb normally, and could hunt and forage for food in a rehabilitation housing unit with a small pond. The bird was successfully released into the wild. The placement of the femoral neck adjacent to the pelvis with a suture can be successfully performed for cases of avian coxofemoral joint luxation. Furthermore, this procedure can provide sufficient stabilization of the coxofemoral joint and acceptable limb function.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2011

To classify the relationship between riparian vegetation type and bird habitat, we studied the vegetation and avian species in the three streams(Anyang Stream, Gap Stream, Seom River), located in middle province. Five different vegetation types - Woodland type, Shrub type, Tall and wet grassland type, Low and dry grassland type and Cropland - were identified. The habitats of avian species were highly correlated with vegetation type. Streptopelia orientalis and Hypsipetes amaurotis were found in woodland. Both Paradoxornis webbiana and Phoenicurus auroreus were mainly found in shrub. Tall and wet grassland were preference habitats of Ixobrychus sinensis, Acrocephalus arundinaceus, while, low and dry grassland were occupied by Phasianus colchicus, Falco tinnunculus. Cropland were used as breeding and feeding sites for Egretta alba modesta, Anas poecilorhyncha, Anthus spinoletta. Distribution patterns of avian species were clearly divided by vegetation type and site characteristics in the stream.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

This study was conducted on the marsh of Paldang dam and Gyungan-cheon, Gyeonggi-do province. 6 species bred on the emergent plants and the nests of Common Coots Fulica atra, Common Moorhens Gallinula chloropus, Great Reed-Warblers Acrocephalus orientalis, Yellow Bitterns Ixobrychus eurhythmus, Little Grebes Podiceps ruficollis and Great Crested Grebes Podiceps cristatus were found. The main vegetations of the nests were Narrow Leaf Cattails Typha angustata, Reeds Phragmites communis, and Wild Rices Zizania latitolia. Particularly, Narrow Leaf Cattails were the most favorite plants for breeding birds. Few nests were found on the emergent plants covered with rubbish, or on high density. And no nests found on the inside shrubs. The mean density of nests on the marsh was 3.1 nests per ha and the nests were highest in Non-island as 17 nests per ha. The nest density on the area of Sonae-islands was higher than the area of Kyangdong-kyo bridge. This would be related on the bulk of narrow-leaf cattails and the quality of water.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.361-364
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• 2016

Waterbirds using rice fields has increased due to a decline of natural wetlands. The rice field is an essential habitat to supports the waterbird population. Although use of rice field by waterbirds has been widely documented, little information is available on distribution patterns of waterbirds under the pesticide use in rice fields. The current study conducted to understand the relationship between habitat use by waterbirds and pesticide applicatioins in rice fields. We monitored the distribution of waterbirds at Daeho reclaimed area in July 2013 to June 2014 and September 2014 to August 2015. As a results, three heron species (Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax, Eastern Cattle Egret Bubulcus coromandus and Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia) are more sensitive to pesticides use than other waterbird species in rice fields. Future studies are necessary to explore the relationship between bird's distribution and management practices including pesticide use at different spatiotemporal scales.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2007

This study was based on the breeding process of the Pacific Reef Herons (Egretta sacra) bred in Aewol-eup, Jeju Island, for two years from February 2004 to June 2005. The clutch size of the pacific reef herons was $3.24{\pm}0.75$(N=17, range: $2{\sim}4$), and the egg-laying was at dawn or night intervals of one to three days. The major diameter of the egg(N=39) was $46.73{\pm}1.91mm$, the minor diameter thereof $34.06{\pm}0.83mm$, the weight thereof $27.67{\pm}3.12g$, and the thickness of the egg shell thereof $0.26{\pm}0.03mm$. In relation to the breeding cycles of the Pacific Reef Herons, the nesting or nest repairing was made from February to the end of April each year, the egg laying from the beginning of March to the beginning of May, the hatching from the beginning of April to the middle of May, and the nest departure from the middle of May to the end of July. The supplement brood was started immediately from May to June when the first brood had failed. The incubation period was $28.17{\pm}4.12(N=6)$ days, and hatched asynchronously. The fledgling period was $40.00{\pm}6.84(N=5)$ days, and bill, wing, tarsus and weight developments of early hatched nestlings were the fastest among the same brood. Compared with other egret species, the egg laying period of the Pacific Reef Heron was faster than that of the Black-crowned Night Heron, Little Egret and Great Egret, but later than that of Grey Heron, in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2008

This survey was conducted to analyze the effect of road construction near the group breeding places of the egrets and herons located at Palhyun-ri, Daegu, on their breeding during four years from 2003 to 2006. With the number of the individuals of the whole egrets and herons have been decreased due to the three-year road construction work(2003-2005). When the road construction was temporally stopped in 2006, the number of individuals of egrets and herons except Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis increased and partocilarly, the Gray heron Ardea cinerea was found to have been influenced the most by this construction in comparison with other egrets and herons. The number od individuals of large egrets, little egrets and herons was found to decrease during the construction period. After cutting off the nest trees and removing some parts of the breeding site, the herons and egrets tended to move their nesting place from roadsides to the inside of the breeding area. Trees for the nests decreased due to the increase in fellen trees caused by bird nests per tree increased gradually. As for the formation ratio of trees for the nests, the ratio of pine trees lowered yearly while that of acacia and oak trees was increasing during the survey.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.105-120
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• 2005

This study was carried out at Reed Marsh of Sihwa Lake from July 2003 to June 2004. We observed total(sum of maximum population) 5,752 individuals of 70 species including 12 species of ducks, 10 species of egrets, 6 species of wagtails and buntings, 4 species of eagles. The most dominant species was Spotbill Duck(Anas poecilorhyncha - 3,518 individuals, 61.16%), and other species were Mallard(Anas platyrhynchos - 540 individuals, 9.39%), Great Reed-Warbler(Acrocephalus arundinaceus - 217 individuals, 3.77%). Reed Marsh of Sihwa Lake were observed many kinds of protected species such as Great Bittern(Botaurus stellaris), Mandarin Duck(Aix galericulata), Chinese Sparrow Hawk (Accipiter soloensis), Eurasian Sparrow Hawk(Accipiter nisus), Japanese Buzzard(Buteo buteo), Hen Harrier(Circus cyaneus), Eurasian Hobby(Falco subbuteo), and Common Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus). Since the Reed Marsh of Sihwa Lake arrived many individuals of waterbird, crop damage by the waterbird occurred in the surrounding rice fields. It was an area adjacent to the reed marsh of sihwa lake such as Yoopori and Samhwari Bibongmyoun, Yamokri Maesongmyoun Hwaseong City. Bird of crop damage was ducks openly. The most species was Spot-billed Duck. Crop damage types by the Spot-billed Duck were grazing, used the grain up or lower in quality with step on the rice. Crop damage size was about 560bags of rice during the one month on August 2002. In 2003, After carrying out the various crop damage reduction countermeasures, which measured crop damage size in 2002's crop damage area. It happened about 152bags of rice during the two months from on August to September 2003. Migration routes of Spot-billed Duck were that it was migrated from up the sihwa lake to reed marsh. It took a rest at reed marsh and migrated the surrounding rice fields for the feeding action. In 2002, it was migrated direct from up the sihwa lake to in surrounding rice fields. But as environment of reed marsh was improved better than 2002, it was migrated to reed marsh because of reducing the energy attrition rate. Crop damage reduction countermeasures are get on ears to use explosion machine, searchlight, start-gun and patrol at regular intervals. Which was an effect short term. Indirect method is to make a feeding area of substitution at up the sihwa lake and reed marsh of sihwa lake.