• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2023

The Republic of Korea reclaimed land to increase its food self-sufficiency rate, but the yield was reduced due to abnormal climate. In this study, it was hypothesized that rapid and continuous monitoring technology could help improve yield. Using the vegetation index (VI) analysis, the drought stress index was calculated and the drought stress for corn grown in Hwaong, Saemangeum, and Yeongsan River reclaimed tidal land was predicted according to drying treatment. The vegetation index of corn did not decrease during the last 20 days of irrigation when soil moisture rapidly decreased, but decreased rapidly during the 20 days after irrigation. The reduction rate of the vegetation index according to the drying treatment was in the order of Saemangeum>Yeongsan River>Hwaong reclaimed tidal land, and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) decreased by approximately 50% in all reclaimed tidal lands, confirming that drought stress occurred due to the decrease in moisture content of the leaves. In addition, structure pigment chlorophyll index (SIPI) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI), which are calculated based on changes in light use efficiency and carotenoids, were reduced; drought stress caused a decrease in light use efficiency and an increase in carotenoid content. Therefore, vegetation index analysis was confirmed to be effective in evaluating and predicting drought stress in corn growing on reclaimed tidal land corn.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.66-77
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• 2019

This study investigated the feasibility of wintering evergreen broad-leaf trees in the Incheon coastal area through a climate analysis. The coldest monthly mean air temperature ranged from $-2.9^{\circ}C{\sim}-1.6^{\circ}C$. The warmth index of the coastal area of Incheon ranged from $98.89^{\circ}C{\cdot}month-109.03^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$, while the minimum air temperature year ranged from $-13.9^{\circ}C{\sim}-3.6^{\circ}C$. This proved that the Incheon coastal area was not suitable for evergreen broad-leaf trees to grow as the warmth index ranges from $101.0^{\circ}C{\cdot}month{\sim}117.0^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$, and the temperature year-round is $-9.2^{\circ}C$ or higher. This suggests the coastal areas of Incheon is not suitable for the growth of evergreen broad-leaf trees, however some evergreen broad-leaf trees lived in some parts of the area. Wind speed reduction and temperature effect simulations were done using Landschaftsanalyse mit GIS program. As a result of the simulations of wind speed reduction and temperature effects affecting the evergreen broad-leaf trees, it was discovered that a coastal wind velocity of 8.6m/sec was alleviated to be 5m/sec~7m/sec when the wind reached the areas where evergreen broad-leaf trees were present. It was also discovered that species that grew in contact with buildings benefited from a temperature increase of $1.1^{\circ}C{\sim}3.4^{\circ}C$ due to the radiant heat released by the building. Simulation results show that the weather factors affecting the winter growth damages of evergreen broad-leaved trees were wind speed reduction and local warming due to buildings. The wind speed reduction by shielding and local warming effects by buildings have enabled the wintering of evergreen broad-leaved trees. Also, evergreen broad-leaved trees growing in the coastal area of Incheon could be judged to be gradually adapting to low temperatures in winter. This study reached the conclusion that the blockage of wind, and the proximity of buildings, are required for successfully wintering evergreen broad-leaf trees in the coastal area of Incheon.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.939-961
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• 2016

For effective conservation of endangered wild plants, it is necessary to understand their interactions with environmental factors in each habitat together with life traits of target species. First, the characteristics of their distribution were investigated followed by their monitoring for 4 years focusing on the habitats in the lagoon. Also, their life traits were compared including production of hibernacles, fruits, and seeds by the soil fertilization and light intensities. Next, the information on the species was secured by germination experiment using the generated seeds from the cultivation experiment. The habitat of Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald in Korea was located in the rear edge of the worldwide distribution and its four habitats were isolated and distributed far away each other. Two of them were located in small salt-marsh and fine sand estuaries formed in the rocky area of the seashore, and the other two were inhabited with the sandy soil in the lagoon which was connected by river-mouth to the sea. Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald tends to be distributed in the sites where the establishment and growth of the competitor were inhibited by salinity, periodic flooding, and lower layer of the soil to extend a roots. It maintained its population by recruitments of hibernacles and seedling. The production of hibernacle was assumed to be affected by the particle consist of the sand together with organic matters in the soil. Seedling recruitment was observed only in the salt-marsh area located in the rear sites of sand ridge where was the shore of the lagoon. Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald was observed to have different threatening factors by each population. Its population in Pohang seemed the sedimentation of fine sand which affected the recruitment of hibernacles had been eroded due to the construction of the coastal road. The population in Ulsan appeared rapid expansion of competitor and reduction of its distribution area due to the interruption of eluted water supplied to the habitat. On the other hand, the habitat in the lagoon maintained the population relatively stable. Especially, the population in Songji-ho was determined to be the most stable one. To sustain the population of Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald distributed in the lagoon, it is suggested that the wide ranged scale of conservational activities is necessary to maintain the mechanisms including the entrance of seawater which belongs to the lagoon, and periodic flooding.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the soil salinity and salt spray drift of the indigenous windbreak trees, and its main purpose was to provide basic data for the selection of salt-tolerant trees in the saline coastal region in the South Sea of Korea. The soil salinity($EC_{1:5}$)was $0.18dSm^{-1}$, which was an average degree of the whole areas of investigation whose salinity degree ranged from $0.05dSm^{-1}$ to $0.58dSm^{-1}$. The level of soil salinity gradually decreased as it moved farther inland, except the belt I. The level of decreasing soil salinity was found to be in the following order: belt II, belt III, belt I, belt IV. The degree of soil salinity was $EC_{1:5}$ $0.22dSm_{1:5}$, $0.22dSm_{1:5}$ $0.19dSm^{-1}$ and $0.13dSm^{-1}$ respectively. The total 110 taxa, which consisted of 45 families, 74 genus, 101 species, and 9 varieties, were found to be tolerant to both soil salinity and salt spray drift. The trees that grow in the highest degree of salinity($EC_{1:5}$ $0.50dSm^{-1}$)were Parthenocissus tricuspidata(Siebold & Zucc.), Planch and Lonicera japonica Thunb. The next group of trees that grow in the high degree of salinity ranging from $EC_{1:5}$ 0.41 to $0.50dSm^{-1}$ was Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.) Bureau ex Lavall$\acute{e}$e, Rubus parvifolius L., Zanthoxylum schinifolium(Siebold & Zucc.), Hedera rhombea(Miq.) Bean., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Quercus serrata Thunb., Callicarpa dichotoma(Lour.) K. Koch, and so on. The woody species which grew in the entire belts were Pueraria lobata(Willd.) Ohwi and Vitis flexuosa Thunb., and Vitex rotundifolia L. f. which was known to be highly tolerant to salt spray drift was found only in belt I. The woody species with high important value(IV) were Zelkova serrata(Thunb.) Makino., Celtis sinensis Pers., Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann, Mallotusjaponicus(Thunb.) Muell. Arg., Trachelospermum asiaticum(Siebold & Zucc.) NAKAI, and Pueraria lobata(Willd.) Ohwi. These species were classified as native windbreak trees that are comparatively more tolerant to salt spray drift than other kinds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.29-40
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• 2003

Shindoori dune, about 2,000,000$m^2$ in area, is located in the west of the middle area in Korea. Around the sand dune, many diagnostic plants and animals are populated, so it is considered a very important ecosystematic area. This study was carried out to establish for conservation and restoration in Shindoori dune. Our surveys have been accomplished from October, 2002 to September, 2003. Plant communities formed around the sand dune in Shindoori were divided into several patterns and analysed. They have been divided into 9 communities. Community A : Carex pumila community, B : Carex kobomugi community, C : Elymus moWs community, D : Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, E: Rosa rugosa community, F: Ischaemum anthephoroides community, G: Vitex rotundifolia community, H : Lathyrus japonica community, I : Oenothera biennis community. The flora surveyed in these communities was constituted of 19 families, 44 genera, 8 varieties, and 40 species. Wild plants such as Calystegia soldanella, Artemisia capillaris, Avena fatua, Mertensia asiatica, Glehnia littoralis and Zoysia sinica were mostly light loving plants and higher resistant plants against the salty wind. Our result from the ranking all surveyed areas by the Bray-Curtis ordination method was very similar to the results from phytosocialogical table work.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.183-185
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• 2015

반폐쇄해역에서는 해수교환이 어렵고 육상에서 유입부하와 적조 등의 영향을 강하게 받기 때문에 항상 수질과 저질이 악화되기 쉬운 환경에 처해 있어서 이의 개선을 위한 일환으로 해양식물(잘피)의 서식환경을 복원하여 해양정화에 기여하기 위한 친환경적 접근이 필요하다. 다양한 해상환경조건하에서 잘피의 서식은 변화므로 특히, 파랑의 극한 외력여건에 견디는 친환경 잘피 지지구조물 기술개발이 우선되어야 한다. 본 연구는 잘피장 조성의 기반기술로 해양식생 지지용 바이오 블록을 개발하고 특히, 관광지 및 해양클러스터 단지로 대외적으로 알려져 있는 영도해역에서 영도구가 야심차게 준비해오고 있는 해상낚시터 인근해역에 적용할 수 있는 바이오 블록의 현장시범거치를 통해 잘피 등 해양식생을 유도하기 기반을 마련하기 위한 기초연구로 대상구역에서의 파랑해석과 식생 조성 후에 파랑의 반응특성을 수치모델을 통해 분석하고자 하였다. 계산 결과는 대상지역에 적용할 사면 피복재로 바이오 블록의 규격을 결정하는데 반영될 것이며 후속 연구에서 실제블록의 제작과 현장거치를 수행하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

This paper studies the origin of low back-scattering area appeared on the SAR image taken on the coastal waters off the southeast coast of Korea on July 5, 2000. Cold waters were frequently observed during summer on this coastal waters, and quasi-simultaneously taken AVHRR and SeaWiFS images also showed cold surface waters and high concentration of chlorophyll-a, respectively. By synergetic analysis of multi-sensor satellite images, it is strongly suggested that the cold and nutrient rich upwelling waters caused the high phytoplankton density and high biological activities in the water producing natural films for low back-scattering.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.405-412
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• 2016

We investigate the intraspecific morphological variations and geographical distributions from twelve populations (28 samples) of Orobanche coerulescens in Korea. Two main morphological types were detected, i.e., glabrous (G-type) and pilose (P-type), in the external morphology (stem, leaf, bract, calyx, and corolla). The G-type was found on Ulleung-do and Dok-do, and the P-type was observed on the coasts of South Korea, Jeju-do and Ulleung-do. The distinct difference in the morphological types and geographical distribution suggested the existence of two putative lineages with different distribution processes. O. coerulescens, distributed in very limited areas, was only identified as the G-type on Dok-do. Hence, conservation efforts should focus on protecting native habitats to conserve native species and the unique biogeographic significance of this species.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.891-899
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• 2015

The lily symptomless virus (LSV) is the most common virus in Korean native lilies and causes various types of damage to overall plant growth. This study was carried out to investigate the elimination rate of the LSV by the in vitro scale culture (scaling) method in Korean native lilies and to test reinfection rates of the LSV under several field culture conditions of bulb production. Four Korean native lilies (Lilium dauricum, L. distichum, L. lancifolium, and L. maximowitzii) were used and their scales were cultured in vitro for micro-scale formation. The micro-scales were subcultured repeatedly using MS culture medium supplemented with 30 or $90g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose. The culture conditions were $24{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPFD with 16 hour daylength using fluorescent lamps and maintained at $22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. The virus-free bulblets were grown for one to three years in the greenhouse and transplanted to the field in October or March. Virus infection rates were investigated by direct tissue blotting immunobinding assays and measurement of chlorophyll and protein contents. Virus-free plants could be obtained from the 5th subculture of micro-scales in L. lancifolium and L. maximowitzii or from primary culture in L. dauricum and L. distichum. LSV-free plants were reinfected during bulb production in the field. Reinfection rates were higher at older bulb ages and under higher planting density. The plants planted in October and at inland Gyeongsan had higher infection rates than those planted in March and at coastal area Pohang. The reinfection rate of L. maximowitzii was higher than those of L. dauricum and L. lancifolium. The LSV-infected plants had lower chlorophyll contents and unchanged protein contents compared to virus-free plants.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2001

Recently, sludge disposal becomes one of the most serious environmental problems. Because the landfilling and ocean dumping of sludge materials will be prohibited in the near future, the proper treatment?disposal methods should be investigated. Also, oyster shells, piled at the coast, cause adverse effects in coastal fishery, public water surface, natural landscape, public health and so on. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the dissolution characteristic of metal compounds during soil application experiment using sewage treatment sludge mixed with oyster shells. The dissolution experiment conducted 100days under artificial rainfall and farming soil, mixed with sewage treatment sludge and oyster shells, was put into the pots(approx. 0.5L). The results from dissolution experiment as follows. 1. K, Na was $5{\sim}20mg/{\ell}$, and Ca was less than $90mg/{\ell}$. 2. Heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, As, Pb, Cr, Hg are dissoluted far less than the soil pollution guideline. The application of sewage sludge mixed with oyster shells increases pH(soil acidity)and buffer capacity(CEC) of farming soil, and heavy metals are thought to be attached to soil as insoluble forms.