• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.117-119
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• 2011

e-navigation은 2006년부터 국제해사기구(IMO, International Maritime Organization), 국제항로표지기구(IALA, International Association of Lighthouse Authorities), 국제수로기구(IHO, International Hydrographic Organization) 등의 국제기구를 주축으로 한국, 일본, 영국, 노르웨이 및 독일 등 해운선진국에서 활발하게 개발되고 있다. IMO에서는 2012년까지 e-navigation 전략이행 계획 개발을 완료할 예정이며, 이후에는 전략이행 계획에 따라 e-navigation은 이행될 예정이다. 본 연구에서는 e-navigation개발에 대한 국제동향을 파악하고, 그 개발 내용을 분석하였으며, 육상측 e-navigation시스템으로써 중추적 역할을 하게 될 VTS의 발전 전망에 대하여 연구하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.187-188
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• 2014

IVEF(Inter VTS Exchange Format) 은 VTS 간 선박 정보를 공유하기 위한 프로토콜로 국제항로표지협회(IALA, International Association of Lighthouse Authorities)에서 V-145 권고안을 통해 표준화가 진행중에 있다. V-145 권고안에는 선박의 제원, 항해 정보, 서비스 요청 응답 등에 대한 프로토콜은 정의가 되어 있으나 IVEF 데이터의 전송과 관련된 프로토콜은 정의가 되어 있지 않는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 IVEF 서비스에 적용 가능한 전송 프로토콜에 대해 설명하고 각 프로토콜별로 적용 가능한 서비스에 대해 설명한다.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.105-133
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• 2001

World trade has been increasing continuously in total volume, on the other hand, environmental protection on sea and conservation of fishery resources has been rising up the major issue. All of the world are pushing their efforts two major purposes to the full, one is taking competitive place in marine transportation throughout the world and another Is environment protection. Pusan Port as world leading Port put its all effort in bring more ocean going vessels and securing their traffic route by providing them more information related marine traffics through PTMS in port. During two years of operation, statistics of marine traffic accidents showed that many dynamic casualties such as collisions, groundings, and rammings has been decreased. However, due to increasing cargo volume, limited water area and unpredictable weather condition, potential risks still exist high. In this paper, in order to maximize the efficiency of PTMS and reduce various risks in the future, we examine risk factors over operational results and experience, and propose reasonable operational methods of PTMS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 1991

As per the rapid development of world economics the marine traffic volume was increased accordingly and caused frequent disasters in human lives and natural environment in the consequence of accidents. As the result of the above they started to establish Vessel Traffic System(VTS) and separation scheme in waterway from 1960' to prevent the marin traffic accident but the problem of safety at sea appears now as neither fully defined nor sufficiently analysed. At the present, the dominant factor in establishing the strategy of marine traffic has been safety of navigation concerning only with the ship, but the risk of society derives almost wholly from the nature of cargo. To measure the degree of danger for each ship there is suggested concept of safety factor numbers denoting the level of latent danger in connection with ship and her cargo. In this paper, where the strategy of VTS is put on controlling density of safety factor for control area. it suggested algorithms how to assign the vessels and also to get optimal sequence of vessels located to a sector in the sense of minimizing the passage delay. For the formulation of problem, min max and 0-1 programming methods are applied and developed heuristic algorithm is presented with numerical example to improve the efficiency of calculation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.59-64
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• 2000

Active radar reflector may be less familiar, since their uses have been limited to military applications, especially the enhancement of the effective radar cross-sections of missile test range in the drone aircraft and missiles. Perhaps the most widely-blown applications of radar transponders are Identification Friend or Foe(IFF) and its civilian counterpart, secondary surveilliance radar for Air Traffic Control(ATC), and most recently, as Search And Rescue Transponder(SART) in the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System(GMDSS). Since it happens frequently accidents on the sea, the problems of the contamination more seriously considered. The conventional navigation buoy and utilities are not sufficient to maintain the safety of the sea and thus new structured concept must be considered. Therefore, this paper propose and implement the active radar reflector with a enhanced structure. The results are shown that the performance of the system is significantly improved comparing with the conventional utilities.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.38-43
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• 2000

Active radar reflector may be less familiar, since their uses have been limited to military applications, especially the enhancement of the effective radar cross-sections of missile test range in the drone aircraft and missiles. Perhaps the most widely-Down applications of radar transponders are Identification Friend or Foe(IFF) and its civilian counterpart secondary surveilliance radar for Air Traffic Control(ATC), and most recently, as Search And Rescue Transponder(SART) in the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System(GMDSS). Since it happens frequently accidents on the sea, the problems of the contamination more seriously considered. The conventional navigation buoy and utilities are not sufficient to maintain the safety of the sea and thus new structured concept must be considered. Therefore, this paper propose and implement the active radar reflector with a enhanced function. The results are shown that the performance of the system is significantly improved comparing with the conventional utilities.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2016

Port congestion has been recognized as one of the critical factors for port service competitiveness and port selection criteria. However, congestion ratio, the congestion index currently used by Korea, plays a very limited role in shipping companies' and shippers' selection of port and port authorities' decision making regarding port management and development. This is mainly due to the fact that this ratio is only calculated as the ratio of the number of vessels by each port. Therefore, this study aims to measure service level related to vessel entry and departure in Korea ports by evaluating waiting ratio(WR) according to terminals and vessel types. The results demonstrate that the waiting ratio of containerships and non-containerships is less than 4% and 15% respectively, which satisfies the reasonable level suggested by the UNCTAD and OECD. Port of Pohang is revealed to have the highest WR of 57% and among the terminals, No. 1 Terminal of the Shinhang area has the highest WR. In terms of ship types, WR of Steel Product Carrier is highest, followed by General Cargo Ship and Bulk Carrier at the Pohang Shinhang area. In addition to WR, berth occupancy ratio as well as the number and time of waiting vessels can be utilized to evaluate service level by ports and terminals from port users' perspective, and furthermore, to improve the port management and development policy for port managers or authorities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.73-75
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• 2014

Marine transportation facility is public goods for the general public and their safety. The study used the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), a method to estimate economic value of non-market goods, such as environmental goods. In order to analyze economic effects of marine accidents preventable by the VTS, the study estimated costs caused by marine accident cases. It conducted surveys with people and shipping companies in local areas where VTS is to be established in the future. According to a survey with people in areas where marine transportation control center is to be built (Tongyoung), the yearly benefit from building new VTS is estimated at KRW 11billion. If fees are paid in the form of income tax for five years from 2014, corresponding benefits during the same period will reach KRW 47.3 billion in current value. An analysis on economic validity of VTS establishment in Tongyong showed the B/C ration stood at 3.193, far higher than 1. The Net Present Value (NPV) was KRW 32.5 billion and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) turned out to be 37.4% which was higher than social discount rates of 53.5%. On balance, the establishment has reasonable economic validity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.310-315
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• 2014

The domestic maritime environment shows higher frequency of maritime accidents amidst greater traffic volume arising from increasing international seaborne trade and maritime leisure activities. To reduce such maritime accidents, there exist various kinds of safety navigation devices in the ship bridge aimed to mitigate burdens of navigators and support their accurate decision making. Amongst is the AIS considered very important, which is an automatic tracking system to assist understanding of the circumstances in the vicinity by receiving information of other ships and also sending its own; where the information contains errors initially, however, such wrong information is periodically transmitted, accordingly giving rise to hindrance sometimes in decision making by shore operators or ship navigators at sea. This study is to propose the error data and field management algorithm using fuzzy theory toward improving reliability and accuracy in ship related information received from AIS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.487-489
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• 2012

최근 해상교통관제시스템(VTS : Vessel Traffic Service)은 항행지원정보교류가 가능한 육상국으로서 선박 통항의 안전과 효율성을 증진시키고 환경을 보호하는 e-Navigation의 핵심적 시스템으로 역할이 기대되고 있다. 최근 IALA를 통하여 국제적으로 데이터 공유를 위한 구조에 대한 연구와 표준 포맷이 정해지고 있으며 IVEF(IVEF:Inter-VTS Data Exchange Format)는 이중의 한 중요한 요소이다. 이러한 실시간의 트래픽 정보는 국가적으로 보안에 민감한 요소이나 현 규격에 정해진 보안성에 대한 규정은 다소 정해진 바 없이, 연동하기 위한 보안 규격을 다시 설계하여 상호 추진하고 연동시험을 수행해야 될 수준이다. 또한 Radar에 대한 물표 자체의 전달은 현재 고려하고 있지 않기 때문에 Track되지 않은 물표는 불필요한 많은 속성들을 같이 전송해야 하며, 레이더 물표에 대한 별도의 정해진 속성은 없는 상태여서 기존의 선박의 길이를 기반으로 비율을 고려하여 다시 재 산출되어야 가능하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 데이터 공유를 위한 IVEF의 규격을 검토하고 이를 보완하는 내용을 고려하여 새로운 프로토콜 및 방안을 제시한다. 이러한 구조는 VTS 시스템에서 적용 가능한 방안인지를 확인하여, 실제 적용할 수 있는 기술개발로서 방향을 정립하고자 한다.