• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2006

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of under-staging in patients with advanced gastric cancer that was proven to be unresectable after a laparotomy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 25 gastric cancer patients who had undergone a diagnostic laparotomy between 2001 and 2005. For the preoperative evaluation, spiral CT and multidetector-row CT were performed. We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of patients and compared the image findings and the results of surgery. The causes of under-staging were divided into 3 groups; patient factor, CT factor, and interpretation factor. Results: Grossly, there were 12 cases of Borrmann type-III tumors and 13 cases of Borrmann type-IV tumors. The most frequent histologic type was poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (8 cases) and signet ring cell carcinomas (7 cases). There were 13 cases of adjacent organ invasion, and the pancreas was the most frequently invaded organ (9 cases). There were 17 cases of peritoneal metastasis, and 3 cases of distant lymph node metastasis. For the cause of under-staging, there were four cases of patient factor, 19 cases of interpretation factor, and 9 cases of CT factor. In three cases, the cause of under-staging could not be identified. Conclusion: CT interpretation factor was the most frequent cause of under-staging in the preoperative diagnosis with gastric cancer patients. Therefore, more cautious CT interpretation is necessary to avoid unnecessary laparotomies in gastric cancer patients.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2015

In this paper, we present an inertial sensor-based gait analysis system to measure and analyze lower-limb movements. We developed an integral AHRS(Attitude Heading Reference System) using a combination of rate gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer sensor signals. Several AHRS modules mounted on segments of the patient's body provide the quaternions representing the patient segments's orientation in space. And a method is also proposed for calculating three-dimensional inter-segment joint angle which is an important bio-mechanical measure for a variety of applications related to rehabilitation. To evaluate the performance of our AHRS module, the Vicon motion capture system, which offers millimeter resolution of 3D spatial displacements and orientations, is used as a reference. The evaluation resulted in a RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) of 1.08 and 1.72 degree in yaw and pitch angle. In order to evaluate the performance of our the gait analysis system, we compared the joint angle for the hip, knee and ankle with those provided by Vicon system. The result shows that our system will provide an in-depth insight into the effectiveness, appropriate level of care, and feedback of the rehabilitation process by performing real-time limb or gait analysis during the post-stroke recovery.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.390-400
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose an improvement plan based on an analysis of the current earth science teacher education curriculum in the department of education in the four fields of teaching profession theory: student-teacher practice, subject lesson education, and subject content education. The following are the conclusions and suggestions of this study. In case of teaching profession theory, too much emphasis is put on pedagogical theory over practical issues, and a problem arises upon completion. Therefore, it is sugguest that teaching profession theory might be completed before subject lesson education to ensure more authentic subjects performing teaching profession. The current term for student-teacher training is too short to understand the whole school system. Current school system does not have any off-job training course or internship system. Therefore, student-teacher training term should be increased by at least $3{\sim}6$ months to play a vital role in the current system. The credit number of subject lesson education is too small compared with subject content education. Consequently, the credit number of subject lesson education should be increased, and more professor majored in subject lesson education should be recruited. Significant deviation between the content of subject content education and that of middle school grade exists, and there is also much difference in the ratio of subject according to university. To get rid of these problems, subject content education should be connected with subject lesson education and appropriate number of credit needs to be assigned to each subject domain.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 1999

Purpose: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of 2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18-FDG) whole body scan (FDG W/B Scan) using dual-head gamma camera equipped with ultra high energy collimator in patients with various cancers, and compare the results with those of coincidence imaging. Materials and Methods: Phantom studies of planar imaging with ultra high energy and coincidence tomography (FDG CoDe PET) were performed. Fourteen patients with known or suspected malignancy were examined. F-18-FDG whole body scan was performed using dual-head gamma camera with high energy (511 keV) collimators and regional FDG CoDe PET immediately followed it Radiological, clinical follow up and histologic results were correlated with F-18-FDG findings. Results: Planar phantom study showed 13.1 mm spatial resolution at 10 cm with a sensitivity of 2638 cpm/MBq/ml. In coincidence PET, spatial resolution was 7.49 mm and sensitivity was 5351 cpm/MBq/ml. Eight out of 14 patients showed hypermetabolic sites in primary or metastatic tumors in FDG CoDe PET. The lesions showing no hypermetabolic uptake of FDG in both methods were all less than 1 cm except one lesion of 2 cm sized metastatic lymph node. The metastatic lymph nodes of positive FDG uptake were more than 1.5 cm in size or conglomerated lesions of lymph nodes less than 1cm in size. FDG W/B scan showed similar results but had additional false positive and false negative cases. FDG W/B scan could not visualize liver metastasis in one case that showed multiple metastatic sites in FDG CoDe PET. Conclusion: FDG W/B scan with specially designed collimators depicted some cancers and their metastatic sites, although it had a limitation in image quality compared to that of FDG CoDe PET. This study suggests that F-18-FDG positron imaging using dual-head gamma camera is feasible in oncology and helpful if it should be more available by regional distribution of FDG.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1974

Some coastal oceanographic investigations in Kwang Yang Bay were carried out bimonthly from April to September (The first half period of the research project) in 1974. The behaviour of the waters, distributions of water temperature and salinity and diffusion characteristic by dye release experiments in the bay are studied for the problems of practical importance in connection with water pollution. Velocities and directions of tidal currents at five fixed stations were observed. And dye diffusion experiment was also carried out on the sea. According to the results from this study, the salinity of the water is lower, ranging from about $28\;\textperthousand\;to\;32\textperthousand$, on all over the surface in the bay with the cause that the fresh water flows in from the Sumjin river. Diffusivities in this sea by means of Rhodamine B diffusion elliperiment were $785.6\;{\times}\;10^2\;\textrm{m}^2/sec$ in major axis, $15.6\;{\times}\;10^2 \;\textrm{m}^2/sec$/sec in minor axis in the direction on patch after 30 minutes from the dye release.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.293-300
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• 2008

It determines Chinese addiction to piquancy that the Chinese traditional food production laid excessively particular stress on agriculture coming into being long before in the history and the state of Chinese food living was that the people were very difficult to live. The history of Chinese addiction to piquancy could be traced back to prehistory. And in Chinese “hot” is separated from “peppery” and it refers in particular to the piquancy more than general peppery. The character of “Hot” appeared after Han Dynasty in Chinese. Capsicum was brought to China from the sea in the middle of Ming Dynasty. Then it surpassed the formers soon and became the most popular and addictive piquancy food in China. Capsicum has many names in China, such as “$F{\bar{a}}nji{\bar{a}}o$”, “$H{\bar{a}}iji{\bar{a}}o$”, “$L{\grave{a}}ji{\check{a}}o$”, “$L{\grave{a}}h{\breve{u}}$”, “$L{\grave{a}}zi$”, etc., and they indicate the geographical and humanistic character of the distribution. (eight books on preserving one’s health) is the earliest history record about capsicum in existent Chinese history record that was finished in 1591. In this article the author puts new opinion forward on the record in this book. It is because the hottest piquancy of capsicum, capsicum’s better adaptability and low cost to plant combine with Chinese piquancy addiction at large that capsicum can replace the status of pepper and other traditional peppery flavorings soon and cause worldwide attention to the Chinese piquancy addiction finally. The human common characters of unchangeable inertia, depending to fully grow addiction and aggrieved delight are the most important reasons to cause piquancy addiction that has formed a custom through long-repeated practice and this custom do not change with condition change. The unbalanced spread process of capsicum in China shows that the region is poorer and the addictive degree is deeper.