• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.298-299
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• 2022

Digital Transformation in the maritime transportation sector means "by utilizing digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, Internet of Things, block chain, and cloud to create new business models, products, and services for maritime transportation-related companies. It can be defined as a continuous process that adapts to or drives disruptive changes in the market" (Chang, 2021). In a situation where various digital conversion technologies are applied and started to be used in the domestic port logistics field, active acceptance by members can bring about the success of digital conversion. Therefore, in this study, in order to investigate the acceptability of digital transformation in the domestic port logistics sector,

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.3-29
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• 2008

The volume of air passengers and cargo transportation has increased rapidly in recent years. This trend will be even more noticeable as the high-tech service industry expands and the globalization progresses. In an effort to reflect and to cope with this trend, many conventions concerning international air transportation have been concluded. The Republic of Korea has also acceded to the Montreal Convention of 1999 on September 20th, 2007 which became effective on December 29th 2007. However, Korea currently does not provide any private law on the liability of domestic air carrier, leaving the regulation wholly to the general conditions of carriage of private air lines. These general conditions of carriage, however, are not sufficient to regulate the liabilities of domestic air carriers, because they cannot be fully recognized as a legitimate source of law applicable in the court. This situation is inconvenient for both air carrier and their customers. Thus, the Ministry of Justice of Korea has decided to enact a law that will regulate domestic air transportation, namely, "Domestic Carriage by Air Act", as a part of the Korean Commercial Code. So was composed a special committee for legislation of the Domestic Carriage by Air Act. This writer has led the committee as a chairman. The committee has held in total 10 meetings so far and has completed a draft bill for the part VI of the Korean Commercial Code, "Air Carriage." The essentials of the draft are as follows: First, the establishment of Part VI in the Commercial Code. The Korean Commercial Code already includes a series of provisions on road transportation in part II and carriage by sea in part V. In addition to these rules regulating different types of transportation, the Domestic Carriage by Air Act will newly establish part VI to regulate air carriages. Eventually, the Commercial Code will provide an integrated legal system on the transportation industry. Second, the acceptance of the basic liability system which major international conventions, such as Montreal Convention of 1999 and Guadalajara Convention of 1961, have adopted. This is very important, because the law of air carriage is unified worldwide through various international conventions, making it necessary and significant for the new act to achieve conformity between rules of international air carriage and that of domestic air carriage. Third, the acceptance of Rome Convention system on damage caused by foreign aircraft to third parties on the surface. Fourth, the application of rules on domestic road carriage or carriage by sea mutatis mutandis with necessary modifications. This very point is the merit of inserting domestic air transportation law into the Commercial Code. By doing so, the number of articles can be reduced and the rules on air carriage can conform to that of road transportation and carriage by sea. The bill is expected to be passed by the parliament at the end of this year and is expected to be effective by end of July 2009.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.911-916
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to review and suggest coastal shipping policies for introduction of WIG craft into domenstic passenger shipping market. Two Korean companies are leading in the development of WIG craft as an innovative sea transportation vehicle, and it is awaiting for commercialization. WIG craft is expected to be commercialized from coastal passenger market and we used AHP method to investigate the major factors and its' priority for smooth market entry. The results shows that priorities are on the WIG craft legislation, dock installation and operation, port state control, and pilot hiring and training, craft maintenance, and ship's certification in order.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.145-164
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• 2011

The Northeast Asia has been the fastest growing region in the world for the past few decades. And now the economic bloc maintains its status as a major powerhouse of the world economy. On the way of its economic growth, Russia and Central Asian countries have emerged as major trading partners. The Trans-Siberian Railway(TSR) has been playing a pivotal role in promoting economic cooperation between the two regions. This paper investigates economic environment of the Korean TSR service operators through the SWOT analysis, then proposes management strategies for them. For this purpose, the authors analyze characteristics and roles of the TSR service operators. In addition, a comparison of difference between service operators and shippers about their recognition of economic environment of the TSR transportation service is also carried out.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.96-97
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• 2023

IMO 해사안전위원회(MSC) 106차 회의를 통해 해상산업활동을 목적으로 이송되거나 수용되는 모든 탑승자는 운항 및 작업환경의 유해 위험요인에 대비할 수 있도록 승선하기 전 안전교육을 의무화 하는 내용이 SOLAS 협약 제 15장 IP Code라는 이름으로 제정되어 채택되었다. 이에 근거하여, 산업인력이 받아야 하는 교육내용 및 교육 미 수료자(미 자격 산업인력)에 대한 선장의 승선 거부에 대한 규정 등 이동 협약에 반영되어 있다. IP Code라고 지칭되는 동 협약은, '24년 7월부로 발효 예정이기에 그 전까지 해당 선박을 승선하는 산업인력을 위한 안전교육이 개설되어 운영되어야 한다. 해당 교육과 관련된 법적 요건 및 기존에 시행되고 있는 안전교육의 검토 등을 통해 동 교육 커리큘럼의 구성과 운영 방안을 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.3 s.109
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• pp.203-209
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• 2006

Maritime transport has been occupying the biggest part of the container transportation market. With regard to container terminal management, the planning technology and the space allocation system on the yard are very significant factors to secure the stability of ship and to ensure the reliability of schedules of ship throughout keeping barycenter of vessel by right loading and fast handling of cargoes. The purposes of this paper are to illustrate the existing yard management systems such as Grouping method and Random Grounding method, and then to evaluate and compare the efficiency of yard availability between the existing management system(Grouping method) and Random Grouping which uses the forecasted inbound cargo volume at the gate by Time Base Operation.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.177-199
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• 2015

Commerce enriches human life enriched and within commerce, transportation of cargo is arguably the most important in business transactions. Traditionally, marine transport has been major commercial transaction, but carriage cargo by air is on the increase. While the fare for freight in comparison with that of ocean is higher, air freight has many benefits that justify the higher shipping fee; lower insurance premium, packing charges, inventory control, cost management and especially speed. Therefore, air freight transport is accumulating gradually. An air waybill(AWB) is needed in the air transport flow. It is a nonnegotiable security, so the holder cannot transfer of a right to a third party. Some scholars suggest that a negotiable AWB is needed. However, it seems nearly impossible to do so; an e-AWB use shows a gain in numbers, even if it has not met expectations. Going forward, it would appear reasonable to conduct a follow-up study on the utility and legal problem for e-AWB. After sending goods, the consignor has the right of disposition of cargo in some cases, and more research is necessary, because it is related to change of ownership and a trade settlement. According to WATS (World Airlines Transport Statistics), the Korean Air took third place in international freight in 2014, and fifth in total, domestic and international to great acclaim. However, there is a lack of research supporting the business showing. It is hope that more studies on e-AWB, stoppage in transit, and a risk of outstanding amount, etc. connect to develop Korean air freight industry.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.781-786
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• 2010

In this study, a new concept of ocean transport system, called the mobile harbor serving for a short distance transport of containers with cargo handling cranes between mother containerships and coastal ports, is introduced. Instead of direct berthing a very large containership at the coastal port, Mobile Harbor is moving to the offshore mooring basin with enough water depth condition. Therefore, investigation of the coastal environment, technical condition and limitation of the domestic trade ports for the application of Mobile Harbor, is essential process. To figure out the accessibility of mobile harbor, the environmental conditions, the cargo handling capacity and marine traffic volume and flow pattern has been analyzed with the tools for marine traffic simulation and virtual navigation aids system. The most proper Mobile Harbor mooring areas among trade ports of the south and east coast are selected by analyzing the obtained information and evaluating its application: (1) Under natural environmental conditions such as air and sea weather, three candidate areas are selected such as Masan port, Ulsan port, and Busan(New port) port. (2) Under marine traffic and appropriateness of water facilities, three candidate areas are selected as Mokpo port, Busan(New port) port, and Donghae & Mookho port (3) For a region-based analysis considering handling capacity and the local managed trade ports in vicinity, three candidate areas are selected as Busan region, Yosu & KwangYang region, and Mokpo region. Through this study, the basic guideline for selection of optimum trade port and offshore mooring basin for mothership and Mobile Harbor is recommended. In order to apply the Mobile Harbor to the real water, navigaton aids as the virtual route identification with AIS must be introduced for maritime safety in the vicinity of Mobile Harbor area which berthing and cargo handling is being conducted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.123-125
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• 2011

울산항은 1996년 9월부터 입출항 선박의 항행안전을 위해 VTS 시스템을 설치운영하고 있으나 많은 선박통항량과 위험화물 운송선박의 잦은 운항으로 여러 가지 위험요소가 상존하고 있는 개항장이다. VTS 시스템은 레이더의 자동물표추적장치에 의한 데이터, PORT-MIS의 선박관련 데이터 등 많은 정보들이 분산 처리되어 관제사에게 제공되고 있으나 최근 선박에 설치 운영되고 있는 선박자동식별장치(AIS)에 의해 선박의 정보들이 더욱 신속하고 정확하게 처리되는 것으로 평가되고 있다. 그러나 인위적인 과실에 의한 AIS의 오류정보들과 원활하지 못한 데이터통신에 의한 데이터 누락현상에 의해 VTS 시스템 운용에 막대한 영향을 초래하고 있다. 이러한 인위적인 과실에 의한 AIS의 오류 데이터는 PSC 검사관들의 적극적인 개선의지로 정책적인 계도작업을 수행하고 있으므로 점차 개선될 것으로 기대된다. 따라서 본 연구에서 AIS의 원활하지 못한 통신망에 의한 데이터 누락 현상에 의한 VTS 시스템에서의 영향을 조사 분석하고 이에 따른 개선 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1111-1119
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• 2022

Tourism projects through islands in the waters of Sinan-gun became active, and as a result, a total of 13 marine bridges connecting islands were completed. However, the marine bridge constructed in the fairway is dangerous for traffic. Particularly, in the case of the marine bridge connecting two islands, the width of the fairway is extremely narrow, therefore the risk is higher. In this study, we evaluated the risk of collision between marine bridge piers and ships using the IALA Waterway Risk Assessment Program (IWRAP), a risk assessment model for port waterways, based on a maritime traffic survey on the coastal bridge in Sinan-gun. The results, indicated that No.1 Sinan bridge had the highest probability of collision and most of the transit ships were coastal passenger ships. In addition, No.1 Sinan bridge was the place where the most collision accidents occurred among the marine bridge piers in the target sea, and the cause this study was analyzed. An analysis of the satellite images of the sea environment of No.1 Sinan bridge using an image processing method, confirmed that obstacles that could not be seen in the chart existed nearby the bridge. As a result, traffic was observed to be concentrated in one direction, unlike two-way traffic, which is a method of inducing traffic of bridges to avoid obstacles. The risk cause analysis method using the image processing technique of this study is expected to be used as a basic research method for analyzing the risk factors of island bridge in the future.