• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2012

For smooth implementation of the IMO Ballast Water Management Convention that is to come into effect in the near future, IMO and Member States are working on the development of various technologies and establishment of legislative action. Ballast water treatment systems are essential, yet difficult technologies, as they need not only to treat living organisms, but also define whether they are viable or not, count the number of viable organisms, and present quantitative results of the concentration of active substances. Despite the fact that the Convention is looming in the near future, the issues mentioned above obstruct the setup of consensual technologies for performance reliability of the treatment system and analysis method of efficacy test results. This paper considers the unsolved issues of the ballast water treatment technologies, and presents guidelines to solve these issues.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.2 s.21
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• pp.23-27
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• 2004

The current paper is to review the need to considering cultural and educational aspects rather than technical approaches for the maritime safety. General and rather simple views on culture and education are provided as well as the state-of-the-art of the methodologies on ship safety assessment. Conclusions such as the national role and contributions to the international bodies and the third worlds are drawn in addition to the importance of cultural and educational factors to enhance the safety of ships.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.141-141
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• 2017

국제해사기구(International Maritime Organization)는 선박 평형수로 인하여 발생하는 환경문제를 방지하기 위하여 지난 2004년 선박 평형수 관리 협약을 제정하였고, 2016년 핀란드의 비준함에 따라 2017년 9월 8일부터 발효될 예정이다. 이 협약에 대응하기 위하여 선박 평형수 처리기술이 개발되어 승인이 되었다. 이중 수중방전을 이용한 기술은 화학약품의 첨가 등이 없어 경제적이고 내부에서 발생하는 OH라디컬, 자외선, 충격파, 전기장, 오존 등에 다양한 요소들에 의하여 수처리가 가능하고, 중화를 위한 첨가제 등이 필요없어 친환경적이다. 본 연구에서는 부산 항만 근처연안에서 채취한 바닷물을 대상으로 수중방전을 이용한 방법을 연구하였다. 실험방법은 그림1과 같이 Point to Point 방식의 전극을 꾸몄고, 용액은 1L이며, 전압은 8kV, 30kHZ로 가해주었다. 광학분석장비(OES)를 이용하여 수중방전시 발생되는 빛 분석을 하였다. 실험결과 OES분석 결과 살균작용하는 OH 라디컬이 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 실험 도중 시료를 채취하여 $35^{\circ}C$ 48시간동안 배양하였다. 배양 결과 시간이 경과함에 따라 미생물의 개체가 그림 2와 같이줄어두는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.77-78
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• 2015

산업화로 인하여 토지의 사막화, 물부족, 오존층 파괴, 지구 온난화 등 많은 환경문제가 발생되었으며 아직 진행 중에 있다. 이에 UN에서는 환경 규제를 강화하였으며 국제해사기구(IMO:International Maritime Organization)에서는 선박의 배기가스 규제 강화를 위하여 NOx(질소산화물) 및 SOx(황산화물)의 배기량을 줄이도록 하고 있으며 2016년부터는 본격적으로 규제하려 하고 있다. 상기의 규제 물질 중 NOx를 제거하는 선택적환원촉매(SCR:Selectivity Catalytic Reduction) 시스템은 선박의 배기가스가 지나가는 통로에 요소수(Urea)를 분무하여 $260^{\circ}C$ 이상의 높은 온도에서 요소수에 있는 암모니아가 배기가스에 있는 NOx와 반응, 결합함으로서 NOx를 질소와 산소로 분리, 제거하는 방식이다. 하지만 선박의 경우 대부분 엔진이 2행정으로 배기가스 온도가 일반적으로 $180^{\circ}C{\sim}220^{\circ}C$이기 때문에 요소수에 있는 암모니아가 배기가스에 있는 NOx와 반응하지 않아 환원률이 높지 않다. 이에 우리는 초미세기포를 이용하여 낮은 온도에서도 반응할 수 있는 요소수 및 요소수 활성화 기기를 개발하여 상기의 문제점들을 최소화 할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 SCR 시스템의 점성유동해석을 통하여 보다 효율적인 SCR 시스템의 개발을 할 수 있도록 기여하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.213-216
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• 2009

Since adopting 1969 CLC and 1971 FC, IMO increased maximum amount of compensation by adopting protocols of 1969 CLC and 1971 FC. Recently IMO adopted 2003 Supplementary Fund by which the compensation limits increased dramatically to 750 million SDR. Korea government has only entered 1992CLC/FC. However, since the Hebei Spirit incident in 2007, there have been strong claims that Korea government should enter 2003 Supplementary Fund. In this article, feasibility study was carried out to help Korea government decide whether or not entering the Convention. The quantitative analysis has been carried out using data of the past oil spill accidents and contribution fee to IOPC Fund and showed that the benefit was much bigger than costs. The qualitative analysis in relation to resources fix compensation to victims, benefits of consignee, and the status of Korea in IMO also showed that Korea should ratify the 2003 SF.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.345-352
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• 2009

The issues of environmental pollution and labor safety on ship recycling in the undeveloped countries such as India, Bangladesh, etc have been proclaimed. For this, IMO has been actively participated in resolving such problems since 1998 and then finally the International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships is going to be adopted in this year. The convention provides the design, construction, operation and preparation of ships in order to facilitate safe and environmentally sound recycling as well as the safe and environmentally sound operation of ship recycling facilities. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to introduce the major contents of ship recycling convention and its time of entry into force and to analyse stakeholders' strategies toward it so that Korea will have a better position for the establishment of a mechanism regarding regulation stringency on environmentally sound ship recycling.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.55-73
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• 2011

The purpose of this study aims to analyse the effect of class arbitration under voyage charter with Asbatankvoy form. This study analyses the Stolt-Nielsen case as a data. In this case, One Class Rule requires an arbitrator to determine whether an arbitration clause permits class arbitration. The parties selected an arbitration panel, designated New York City as the arbitration site, and stipulated that their arbitration clause was silent on the class arbitration issue. The panel determined that the arbitration clause allowed for class arbitration, but the District Court vacated the award. But the Second Circuit reversed, holding that because petitioners had cited no authority applying a maritime rule of customs and usage against class arbitration, the arbitrators' decision was not in manifest disregard of maritime law; and that the arbitrators had not manifestly disregarded New York law, which had not established a rule against class arbitration. However, the Supreme Court held, imposing class arbitration on parties who have not agreed to authorize class arbitration is inconsistent with the Federal Arbitration Act.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.394-400
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• 2023

Unlike advancements on land, the maritime industry has been slow to embrace new technologies, primarily due to user apprehension toward unproven innovations in the development process. The existing paradigm of technology development, marked by expert-oriented and laboratory-centric test environments, often leads to a stagnation of progress at the research stage, as the applicability of the technology remains uncertain. This study departed from the conventional research system and introduced a novel methodology known as a "living lab." This approach aimed to ensure applicability by actively involving field-oriented users throughout the entire lifecycle of technology development, encompassing planning, development, verification, and evaluation. The presentation of a plan for the construction and operation of such a living lab in this study is expected to contribute to establishing an efficient experimentation system for ships that can reflect user opinions in the future and to secure technology applicability in the maritime field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.36-37
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• 2010

Lab scale experiment was carried out to study applicability of BM (Beneficial Microorganisms) to the conventional SBR system for the shipboard sewage treatment. BM has been successfully applied to the wastewater treatment by the SBR process and hence this system maintained a stable effluent quality together with an increased treatment efficiency, meeting the requirements of IMO regulations. The SBR system facilitated by BM would be a suitable process for cruise ships in terms of the malodor control, treatment efficiency and operation conveniences.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2013

The higher energy efficiency for ship and the lower pollution for global environment are required strictly. However the performance of marine diesel engine is gradually deteriorated with time. And also the operation condition is varied with sea conditions. Hence the optimization for operating condition of marine engines is needed for energy saving and environment kindly. In this paper, it was attempted to investigate the influence of aging for marine diesel engine. The deterioration of engine performance is assessed by the calculation results of the simulation program for two-stroke marine diesel engine developed by author which was reported before. And three parameters for deterioration of engine performance were considered such as lower efficiency of turbocharger by fouling, increase of blow-by gas due to wear of cylinder liner and getting worse of combustion by poor injection. By the results, it was shown that the influence of engine performance by aging was relatively not so small - 10.4 bar low in Pmax and 3.2% decrease in Pmi.