• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 1987

Employing the approach to isolate the genes expressed preferentially in cytolytic T cell (CTL) but not in other types of cell, 3 CTL-specific cDNAs were recently cloned. To characterize these cDNA clones in relation to CTL activation, their expression pattern after T cell antigen receptor (TCR) or interleukin 2 (IL-2) stimulation were investigated by RNA blot analysis of cloned CTL L3 cells. Transcripts level of two cDNA clones were markedly elevated by TCR stimulation but not by IL-2. In addition, transcripts expression of both clones were abrogated by cyclosporin A treatment. These results indicated that gene activation mediated by TCR is distinct from that mediated by IL-2 and imply that those two unidentified cDNA clones are related to TCR-mediated, IL-2-independent but cyclosporin A-sensitive pathway for CTL activation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 1997

Clonorchis sinearis is a liver fluke which is the most prevalent helminth of humans in Korea. The better diagnostic measure of clonorchiasis is required for its nationwide control program. The present study observed antigenic bands of C. sinensis and reacting immunoglobulins in serum of infected residents. Adult C. sinensis were recovered from experimentally infected rabbits and soluble crude extract of the worms was used as the antigen after supplementation of E-64, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor. SDS- PAGE of the crude antigen resolved more than 20 protein bands between 200 and 14 kDa. The sera of infected humans collected at an endemic village showed specific IgG and IgE antibodies but little IgM and IgA antibodies. The protein bands of 94, 80, 72, 68, 52, 47, 43, 37, 34, and 28-25 kDa strongly reacted with serum Ig(GMA) or IgG antibody and 64, 62, 52, 47,44, 34,28, and 26 kDa bands reacted with serum IgE antibody. However, the 94, 80, 72, 68, 64, 62, 52, 47, and 40 kDa bands of C. sinensis antigen were found non specific. The protein bands of 43, 34, and 28-25 kDa of C. sinensis are primary target molecules of further analysis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1993

Surface proteins of Trichomonqs unginnlis (T vqsinalis) were analyzed to study the antigenic variation. The surface proteins of protozoa were labelled by N- hydrokysuccinimide-biotin (NHS-biotins, the NHS-biotin-labelled proteins were immunoprecipitated with rabbit antiserum to purifjr the antigenic fractions and analysed by SDS-PAGE plus electroblotting. The results obtained in this study were as follows; Biotinylated T. uaginalis-proteins obtained from intact cell and cells disrupted prior to labelling were detected by antibiotin-peroxidase in Western blots. Labelled proteins were immunoprecipitated by T. vcqinalis-immunized rabbit serum and the six bands with, the molecular weights of 46, 60, 68, 90, 130 and 220 kDa were identified as having antigenicity. T unginalis HY-1,HY-15 and ATCC 50148 were immunoprecipitated by immune rabbit serum after biotinylation and there were no difference from antigenic bands among these strains by this tehchnique. In conclusion with the results obtained in the present study, it was assumed that surface proteins of T vaqinclis were labelled by biotinylation and the six labelled bands at 46, 60, 68, 90, 130 and 220 kDa in their molecular weight were identified as having antigenicity by immunoprecipitation (IPI and this biotinylation-IP technique may be used for further study of surface antigen of T vaginalis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 1988

Immunological analysis between endotoxin proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. kurstaki HD1 and HD73 have been investigated by using polyclonal antibodies. The antisera against the endotoxin proteins were prepared from rabbits injected with the endotoxin protein antigens. When about 2mg/$m\ell$ of the antigens were injected for 7 times, the titers were highest. The stability of the antigens was reduced to about 50% after 9 days incubation at 4$^{\circ}C$. The sensitibity of endotoxin protein from B. thuringiensis HD1 and HD73 by indirect ELISA was 50ng/$m\ell$ and 400ng/$m\ell$, respectively. The cross reaction of antiserum appeared that anti-HD1 partialy reacted with crystal protein but anti-HD73 reacted with HD1 endotoxin about 100%.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 1999

This study involved applying rat sera (control, infected and immunized) to adult worm tissue in order to measure the antigenic response. A serum was obtained from rats infected with E. hortense metacercaria for 4 weeks. Another immunized serum was taken from rats given a muscle injection with crude adult worm antigen. The detection of antigenic response in E. hortense tissue was made by immunogold labeling method and measured through gold particles impregnated in the tissue. The antigenic sites, those with the highest density of gold particles, were the tegmental syncytium, vitelline cells, seminal receptacle and cecum.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 1999

This study was carried out to get a industrial information about a possibility of IgY antibody production, antimicrobial activity and Properties of IgY antibody in egg yolk. After the initial immunization the anti-Salmonella typhimurium IgY antibody level gradually were decreased from firth week to tenth week. On the other hand, the antibody level in the serum were increased from the first week, reaching its peak in the sixth week. Molecular weights of IgY were estimated approximately 72-75KD in a heavy chain and 30-40KD in a light chain by electrophoresis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 1987

The development of antibody titers and crossreaction between Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma were investigated by means of IF A test and ELISA in pigs experimentally infected with $1.5{\times}10^6$ S. suicanis sporocysts and 10,000 T. gondii oocysts, respectively. The intact and soluble Sarcocystis antigens were prepared from the bradyzoites harvested by peptic digestion of infected pork. The intact and soluble Toxoplasma antigens were prepared from the tachyzoites in mouse peritoneal cavity. IgG antibodies in pigs infected with Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma, respectively were detected first at 2 weeks post infection on both IF A test and ELISA. The antibody titer to Toxoplasma reached its maximum at 6 weeks post infection and decreased thereafter. The antibody titer to Sarcocystis reached its maximum terminally. The cross-reaction titer in pigs infected with Toxoplasma against Sarcocystis antigen was up to 1 : 16 in IFA test and up to 1 : 32 in ELISA. The titer in control group was below 1 : 4 in both reactions.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2007

Purpose : Rotavirus is one of the most important etiologic agents of nosocomial infections among the neonates. This study was designed to investigate nosocomial rotavirus infection in neonates who were admitted to a postpartum-care center after birth. Methods : From March 2005 to September 2006, 957 healthy neonates were examined for rotavirus antigen in stool by immunochromatographic method and 216 neonates were rotavirus antigen positive within 24 hours after admitted to a postpartum-care center. We reviewed the nursing charts retrospectively such as characteristics, monthly distribution, birth hospitals, delivery methods, feeding types and clinical manifestations. Results : Among 957 neonates, 216 neonates (22.6%) were rotavirus antigen positive and there were no differences in sex, birth weight, gestational age. Monthly positive rate of rotavirus antigen showed diversity from 10% to 36%. According to birth hospitals, positive rate showed diversity from 3.5% to 53.6%. Out of 957 neonates, 655 cases (68.4%) were born of vaginal delivery and mean hospitalized duration was 2.4 days, 302 cases (31.6%) were born of cesarean section and mean hospitalized duration was 5.7 days. 17.6% of vaginal delivery and 33.4% of cesarean section were rotavirus antigen positive. The positive rate was higher in neonates by cesarean section than vaginal delivery (P<0.001). According to feeding types, positive rate of rotavirus antigen was lower in breast-fed group than formula-fed group (P<0.001). Proportion of symptomatic case among rotavirus antigen positive was 34.7%. Most common clinical manifestation was diarrhea (61.3%), following poor feeding (45.3%), fever (40.0%), vomiting (25.3%), delayed weight gain (12.0%), and decreased urine amount (5.3%). Conclusion : Some neonates were already infected before admission to a postpartum-care center. Without meticulous management, nosocomial rotavirus infection would transmit rapidly in a postpartum-care center spreading to the community. Recommendation of breast-feeding, routine rotavirus screeing test with or without symptom, and isolation of all rotavirus antigen positive neonates in a postpartum-care center seem to be necessary. Also attentive hygiene education and further investigations of rotavirus infection in a postpartum-care center would be needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 1999

Background: Ineffective cell-mediated immune response in human tuberculosis is associated with a depressed Thl cytokine response and reduced production of IFN-$\gamma$. Most persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are healthy tuberculin reactors with protective immunity, but a minority with ineffective immunity develop extensive pulmonary tuberculosis. The cell-mediated immune response is an important aspect of host resistance to mycobacterial infection and is believed to be tightly regulated by a balance between Th1 cytokines including IFN-$\gamma$, IL-12, IL-18, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and Th2 counterparts such as IL-4, monocyte chemoattractant protein-l (MCP-l). Methods: Proliferation and mRNA expression of IFN-$\gamma$, RANTES and MCP-l by RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to in vitro stimulation with mycobacterial antigens were compared in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with cured and treatment failure and in tuberculin-positive and tuberculin-negative healthy subjects. Results: Defective proliferative responsiveness to aqueous TSP antigen was involved with treatment failure tuberculosis patients. Aqueous TSP antigen-induced IFN-$\gamma$ and RANTES mRNA expression was decreased in treatment failure tuberculosis patients compared with healthy tuberculin reactors and cured tuberculosis patients (23.1 % versus 90.0% for IFN-$\gamma$ and 46.2% versus 70.0% versus 46.2% for RANTES). The frequency of MCP-l mRNA expression to aqueous TSP antigen in treatment failure tuberculosis patients was greater than in healthy tuberculin reactors and cured tuberculosis patients (76.9% versus 40.0%). Conclusion: The increasing expression of MCP-1 mRNA in response to aqueous TSP antigen might be predicted to favor Th1 responses and restricted Th1 responses in treatment failure of pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2006

Purpose : Cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection still remains as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after stem cell transplantation. In this study, we analyzed the results of antigenemia-guided preemptive therapy among children with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with CMV antigenemia, and evaluated the efficacy of the CMV antigenemia based preemptive therapy. Methods : We enrolled 213 pediatric patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT), at the Catholic HSCT center between October 1998 and December 2003. Pre-emptive ganciclovir was started when more than 5 CMV Ag-positive cells were detected in matched sibling HSCT, and when any Ag-positive cells were seen in unrelated allogenic HSCT. Results : CMV antigenemia was observed in 88(41.3 percent) of 213 patients on median day 28(day 11-99). In univariated analysis, use of unrelated donors(other than siblings), age of recipient(more than 5 years at transplant) at transplantation, the presence of recipient CMV-IgG before transplantation, TBI-based conditioning regimen and the presence of acute GvHD(grade ${\geq}II$) were the risk factors for positive CMV antigenemia. In multivariate analysis, unrelated bone marrow transplantation, positive recipient CMV serology and acute GvHD(grade ${\geq}II$) were the independent risk factors for positive CMV antigenemia. Conclusion : Risk factors of CMV infection in children were CMV serostatus of the recipient, the source of stem cells, and acute graft-versus-host disease. The pre-emptive therapy based on CMV antigenemia was effective in the prevention of CMV disease.