• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1204-1210
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• 2007

The topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide causes an accumulation of DNA double strand breaks within the nuclei of cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of etoposide on the cell growth and apoptosis of human RPE cells. Etoposide evoked a significant inhibition of cell growth, and also induced DNA fragmentation in ARPE-19 cells. In addition, etoposide significantly up-regulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is a stress-responsive protein and is known to play a protective role against the oxidative injury. And, etoposide-induced HO-1 expression was affected by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine. We also used oligonucleotides interfering with HO-1 mRNA (siRNA) for the inhibition of HO-1 expression. Interestingly, knock-down of the HO-1 gene significantly increased the level of DNA fragmentation in etoposide-treated ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that up-regulated HO-1 plays as an anti-apoptotic factor in the process of apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells stimulated by etoposide.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.226-234
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• 2000

Protective effect of Corydalis ternata against the carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity was investigated. Carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) induces hepatotoxicity due to the reactive free radical(CCl$_3$ . ) generated by cytochrome P-450 enzyme. We examined effects of hexane, chloroform, butanol and water fractions prepared from the Corydalis ternata methanol extract. Rats were treated with those for 3 days, and liver microsomes and cytosols were prepared at 24 hour after last treatment. Hepatoprotective activity of the water fraction was higher than that of other fractions. To examine mechanism of the hepatoprotective effect of Corydalis ternuta, we measured contents of malondialdehyde(MDA), cytochrome P46O(CYP), glutathione, calcium as well as the activities of NADPH-CYP reductase, glutathione S-transferase(GST), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPX) and catalase. The fraction inhibited production of MDA, content of CYP and calcium in liver of water fractions - treated rats as compared with those of CCl4-treated rats. The GST activity was increased. We speculate that the O2 radical scavenging activities of the water fraction might play a key role in the mechanism opposing the progression of $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity, but the activities of SOD, GPX, CAT were decreased. These results suggest that the mechanism might be mainly due to the decrease of CYP contents, act as calcium channel blocker and increase of GST activity rather than $O_2$ radical scavenging activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1700-1704
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• 2010

This study was investigated the changes of chemical components in winter cereal crops before and after germination for development of functional foods. The contents of general composition (crude protein, lipid, and ash), phytic acid, free sugar, mineral, and fatty acid were analyzed. Crude ash content was slightly decreased after germination but protein contents was slightly increased in oats after germination. Phytic acid content showed the highest increase from 1.09 to 1.56 mg/g in oats after germination. Glucose contents of rye and wheat increased 6 and 3.5 folds after germination, respectively. Also, maltose contents of oat and wheat increased 7.4 and 5.5 folds, respectively. Major fatty acids were palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. After germination, palmitic acid and linoleic acid decreased while oleic acid increased in oats and barley. Further studies are needed to investigate the functional components and biological properties of winter cereal crops after germination.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 2003

This study was conducted to assess the physiological tolerance of native tree species for successful restoration and revegetation of abandoned coal-mine spoils. Study sites were two coal-mine spoils (Sododong and Ssarijae) in Taebaek, Kangwon Province, Korea. Five individuals of Betula costata and of B. schmidtii were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$) content, nitrate reductase (NR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and for carbohydrate concentration in the leaves. Trees in the abandoned coal-mine spoils were influenced by deficiencies expressed by MDA and $H_2O$$_2$ content in the leaves of two species being higher at the coal-mine spoils than in the surrounding forest. Low NR activity indirectly represented nitrogen deficiency in the soil of the coal-mine spoils; an unmanageable SOD activity implied that tolerant functions didn't net against a certain stress of the coal-mine spoils. Decreased glucose and increased starch concentration especially showed the inhibition of the carbohydrate metabolism by inadequate factors. Consequently, low nitrogen content in the real-mine soils might increase damage in trees as a result of inhibiting the expression of tolerance mechanisms against stress. Therefore, trees in coal-mine spoils need ample nitrogen to use as a metabolic energy source in order to prevent damage and increase tolerance against stress.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.465-471
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• 2004

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a butanol (BuOH) fraction of Alisma canaliculatum (Ac) with/without vitamin E (VE) on glycogen, lipid levels and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: normal, STZ-control, and 3 diabetic experimental groups. Diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (45 mg) into the tail vein. The BuOH fraction of Ac and VE were administrated orally in rats for 21 days: Ac group (400 mg), Ac-VE group (Ac 400 mg & vitamin E 10 mg) and VE group (10 mg). Liver and muscle glycogen levels decrease in STZ-control group versus normal group and these alteration in glycogen levels were prevented Ac-VE group and VE group. Oral administration of Ac or VE resulted in reduction in liver cholesterol. Liver triglycerides were significantly higher in the VE group than in STZ-control group. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) was increase in STZ-control group compared to normal group, but that of Ac group and Ac-VE group were similar to normal group. Meanwhile MDA in kidney, lung and pancreas were not significantly different among five groups. Ac-VE group increase lung protein that were significantly higher than diabetic control rats. These results suggest that the VE could increase glycogen and triglyceride levels and BuOH fraction of Ac decrease MDA of liver in the diabetic rats. The use of Ac together with VE did not show better control hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.641-647
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• 2011

Polyphenols in green tea are biologically active and may interact with commonly-consumed over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in the body. In this study, modulation of cytotoxicity of polyphenon 60 (PPE, tea polyphenol mixture) with co-treatment of several OTC drugs, including ibuprofen (Ibu), acetaminophen (AAP), and aspirin was investigated in intestinal cells. PPE showed more potent cytotoxic effects on colon cancer HCT 116 cells than on normal intestinal INT 407 cells. Ibu had the strongest cytotoxic effects on both cell types. Cytotoxicity of PPE on HCT 116 and INT 407 cells was not markedly altered by co-treated OTC drugs. Cytotoxicity of the OTC drugs was not affected by PPE. When HCT 116 cells were incubated with AAP before or after PPE treatment, cytotoxicity was slightly enhanced more than their additive effect. The present study may provide basic information of possible toxicity due to interaction of the polyphenols and the OTC drugs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.543-548
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• 2018

The current study examined antioxidant and neuronal cell protective effects of the crude polysaccharide fraction in Cudrania tricuspidata fruits (CTP). The radical scavenging activities of (1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and reducing power and FRAP of CTP were increased dose-dependently. In addition, the expression of neuroprotective effect of CTP was tested in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. CTP treatment exhibited non cytotoxicity at dose levels below $500{\mu}g/mL$. Within this optimal concentration range, CTP treatment significantly increased cell viability in $H_2O_2-treated$ HT22 cells. Furthermore, CTP treatment increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in HT22 cells. Therefore, these results indicate that the crude polysaccharide fraction from Cudrania tricuspidata fruits (CTP) possesses antioxidant activities and displays therapeutic potential as a useful source material in the development of brain disorder treatments targeting oxidative stress in neuronal cells.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.744-754
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• 2020

We investigated the whether endurance exercise and MitoQ intake mediated neuroprotection are associated with mitochondrial function in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) -induced mice model of Parkinson's disease. C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to five groups: Normal Conrol(NC, n=10), MPTP Control(MC, n=10), MPTP +MitoQ(MQ, n=10), MPTP + Exercise(ME, n=10) and MPTP + MitoQ + Exercise(MQE, n=10). Exercise intervention groups performed the treadmill exercise for 5days/week for 5 weeks with gradual increase of intensity. MitoQ intake groups consumed the MitoQ at a concentration of 250μmol by dissolving with water during experiment period. Our data demonstrated that ME and MQE group restored MPTP-induced motor dysfunction. In addition, treatment groups(MQ, ME and MQE) increased tyrosine hydroxylase levels, and suppressed the accumulation of α-synuclein levels. Futhermore, treatment groups modulated the mitochondrial function such as upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis, increased antioxidant enzyme, enhanced a anti-apoptotic protein(e.g., BCL2), and reduced a pro-apoptotic protein(e.g., BAX). Taken together, these results suggested that endurance exercise and MitoQ intake-mediated increase in mitochondrial function contributes to improvement of aggravated dopaminergic neuronal, resulting in attenuation of motor function of Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.820-829
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-oxydant and anti-winkle efficacy as cosmetics ingredient of Lysimachia christinae Hance. Recently, the study of wrinkle improvement of natural products has received continuous interest. so we looked at relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and pro-collagen synthesis and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) through this study. L. christinae Hance were extracted with 70% ethanol (LcHE) and distilled water (LcHW), respectively, and the experiment was conducted. LcHE had better ROS inhibition effect than LcHW and showed no toxicity up to 250 ㎍/mL concentration as a result of MTT assay in HaCaT cells, so we selected LcHE and conducted the wrinkle improvement material study. We confirmed that the synthesis of type-1 pro-collagen reduced by UVB is activated through pro-collagen synthesis assay. we confirmed that LcHE inhibited the increase in MMP-1 -3 -9 of MMPs induced by UVB in skin cells through western blot and we also performed real-time PCR to confirm the effect of the extract with dependence of concentration at mRNA levels. Therefore, it is expected that Lysimachia christinae Hance is used as a natural material for cosmetics that can effectively prevent wrinkles and skin aging by UVB.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2011

This study was performed to obtain the basic data on physiological responses of low water temperature stress of the cultured Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Abalones were exposed at low water temperatures of $7^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$. We have investigated survival rate, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total protein (TP) in the abalone by the exposure times (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 72, 120, 168 and 216 hours). Survival rate of the abalone at $7^{\circ}C$ experiment was 90.8%, whereas at $4^{\circ}C$ experiment was 0% after exposure 10 days. SOD activity was significantly increased until 12 hours after exposure to $4^{\circ}C$, and then was recovered to starting level after 24 hours. However, there was no significant difference between control ($12^{\circ}C$) and $7^{\circ}C$ experiments. TP was significantly increased until 216 hours after 24 hours at $4^{\circ}C$ experiment, but $7^{\circ}C$ experiment showed no significant differences compared to control ($12^{\circ}C$) experiment. Therefore, H. discus hannai was acclimated in low water temperature stress at $7^{\circ}C$, but at $4^{\circ}C$, all abalone died possibly because they exceed the limits of defense ability to too low temperature.