• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.139-148
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• 1995

The test results from three one fourth scale models using high strength Reinforced Concrete $f_x=704\;kg/cm^2,\;f_y=5.830\;kg/cm^2$ are presented. Such specimens are considered to represent the critical 3 storics of 60-story tall building of a structural wall system in area of high seismicity respectively. They are tested under inplane vertical and horizontal loading. The main varlable is the level of axial stress. The amounts of vertical and horizontal reinforcement are identical for the three walls testcd. The cross-section of all walls is barbell shape. The aspectratio($h_w/I_w$) of test specimen is 1.8. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of levels of applied axial stresses on the inelastic behavior of high-strength R /C tall walls. Experimental results of high strength R /C tall walls subjected to axial load and simulated sels rnic loading show that it is possible to insure a ductlle dominant performance by promotmg flex ural yielding of vertical reinforcement and that axial stresses within $O.21f_x$ causes an increase in horizontal load-carrying capacity, initial secant st~ffness characteristics, but an decrease in displacement ductility. energy dissipation index and work damage index of high strength K /C tall walls

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 1984

우리가 소비하는 식량의 확보는 단위 수량의 증대 뿐만 아니라, 생산이후 수확, 조제가공 및 건조 저장과정에서의 곡물 손실 방지 또는 감소로 인한 간접 증산으로도 이룩될 수 있는데, 현재 우리나라에서는 수확 이후의 곡물 손실량이 전체 생산량의 약 11%에 달하는 것으로 추정되고 있다(12). 여기서 식량의 중요 손실원으로 기계적 원인과 곡물 자체의 특성에 의한 두가지 요인을 고려할 수 있다. 따라서 쌀의 물리적 특성이 규명되면 각 과정에서 발생되는 기계적 손실을 더욱 줄일 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고 지금까지 우리나라에서는 벼의 물리적 특성에 관한 연구가 거의 없는 실정이다. 특히 우리나라에 많이 보급되고 있는 통일계 품종은 관행 품종에 비하여 물리적 특성이 크게 다르다고 인정되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 벼와 현미의 특성을 기계적 및 유동학적 측면에서 함수율 및 품종별로 규명하여, 농업기계의 설계 및 작동조건, 그리고, 조제가공의 기초적 자료로 제시하고자 하였다. 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 준 정하중의 압축시험에서 함수율은 벼와 현미의 기계적 및 유동학적 특성에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 특히 높은 함수율에서는 점성적인 특성이, 낮은 함수율에서는 탄성적인 특성이 나타났다. 2. 벼와 현미의 함수율이 24-12% (습량기준)의 범위에 있을 때 현미의 항복점은 2.0-7.2kg, 벼의 항복점은 2.5-7.6kg을 나타냈으며, 전반적으로 현미보다 벼의 항복점이 0.5-1kg 더 높았다. 또한 함수율이 18%(습량기준) 이하에서는 일반계 품종이 통일계 품종보다 압축 강도가 더 높았으나 18% 이상의 높은 함수율에서는 더 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 낮은 함수율에서 현미의 항복점은 현미 두께 대 길이의 비의 증가에 따라 직선적으로 감소하였다. 3. 현미의 최대압축 강도는 함수율 24-12%(습량기준)의 범위에서 2.94-10.4kg을 나타냈으며, 14% 수준의 낮은 함수율에서는 현미의 최대 압축 강도는 5.66-11.4kg으로 품종간에 높은 유의성이 있었다. 따라서 벼와 현미의 크기가 최대 압축 강도에 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 사료된다. 4. 함수율 12-24%(습량기준)의 범위에서, 현미의 항복점에서 변형은 0.20-0.40mm를 나타냈으며, 함수율이 약 17%일 때 최소치를 보였다. 벼의 항복점에서 변형은 0.20-0.41mm 였으며 통일계 품종이 일반계 품종보다 변형이 더 많이 생겼다. 5. 함수율 24-12%(습량기준)의 범위에서, 일반계 품종의 레질리언스(resilience)는 $0.142-0.603kg{\cdot}mm$, 통일계 품종의 레질리언스는 $0.229-0.601kg{\cdot}mm$로 나타났다. 함수율이 19% 이하에서는 일반계 품종이 통일계 품종보다 더 높게 나타났으며 19% 이상에서는 반대 현상이 일어났다. 또한 14%의 낮은 함수율에서, 현미의 레질리언스는 현미 두께 대 길이의 비의 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 벼의 레질리언스는 함수율의 감소에 따라 증가했으며, 그 범위는 $0.285-0.850kg{\cdot}mm$이었다. 6. 현미의 터프니스(toughness)는 함수율 24-12%(습량기준)의 범위에서 $0.841-2.795kg{\cdot}mm$이었다. 또한 일반계 품종과 통일계 품종 사이에는 유의성이 없었으나. 품종간에는 높은 유의성이 있었다. 7. 현미의 탄성계수와 스티프니스(stiffness)는 함수율의 감소에 따라 직선적으로 증가하였다. 현미의 함수율이 24-12%(습량기준)의 범위에 있을 때 탄성계수는 $7-40kg/mm^2$, 스티프니스는 8-34kg/mm를 나타냈다.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.99-107
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• 2013

In order to investigation Lateral bearing capacity of bored-precast pile, we carried out the analysis of the relationship between Lateral load and horizontal displacement using the result of horizontal pile load test. The six piles injected cement milk of 50%, 70% and 100% of the embedded length of pile were used in the horizontal pile load test. The horizontal displacement, yielding load and horizontal bearing capacity are mainly affected by The injecting ratio of cement milk (injected length of cement milk/embedded length of pile). As the injecting ratio of cement milt is increased, the starting point of horizontal displacement in piles become close to the ground surface and the amount of horizontal displacement is decreased. Also, the horizontal bearing capacity and yielding load are highly increased with increasing the ration of cement milk. The horizontal bearing capacity and yielding load of bored pile with 1 of cement milk ratio are about two or three times those of pile with 0.5 of cement milk ratio.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2003

This research is a park of a research program to develope a new design method for reinforced concrete bridge columns under axial load and cyclic lateral load. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the relationship between curvature ductility and displacement ductility and to propose a correlation equation for designing of reinforced concrete bridge columns under axial load and cyclic lateral load. Computer program NARCC was used for parametric study, which was proved to provide good and conservative analytical result especially for deformation capacity and ductility factor compared with test result. A total of 7,200 spirally reinforced concrete columns were selected considering the main variables such as section diameter, aspect ratio, concrete strength, yielding strength of longitudinal and confinement steel, longitudinal steel ratio, axial load ratio, and confinement steel ratio. A new equation between curvature ductility factor displacement ductility factor with the aspect ratio was proposed by investigation of 21,600 data produced from the selected column models by applying 3 different definitions of yield displacement.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

One of the most important parameters that limit maximum output power of transistor is breakdown. InAlAs/InGaAs/GaAs Metamorphic HEMTs (MHEMTs) have some advantages, especially for cost, compared with InP-based ones. However, GaAs-based MHEMTs and InP-based HEMTs are limited by lower breakdown voltage for output power even though they have good microwave and millimeter-wave frequency performance with lower minimum noise figure. In this paper, InAlAs/$In_xGa_{1-x}As$/GaAs MHEMTs are simulated and analyzed for breakdown. The parameters affecting breakdown are investigated in the fabricated 0.1-${\mu}m$ ${\Gamma}$-gate MHEMT device having the modulation-doped $In_{0.52}Al_{0.48}As/In_{0.53}Ga_{0.47}As$ heterostructure on the GaAs wafer using the hydrodynamic transport model of a 2D commercial device simulator. The impact ionization and gate field effect in the fabricated device including deep-level traps are analyzed for breakdown. In addition, Indium mole-fraction-dependent impact ionization rates are proposed empirically for $In_{0.52}Al_{0.48}As/In_xGa_{1-x}As$/GaAs MHEMTs.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2012

In the construction of high-rise buildings, bent re-bars are manually straightened to connect slabs to core-walls, which are usually cast before floor structures. During cold bending and straightening of re-bars, plastic deformation causing work hardening, Bauschinger effect and aging hardening is unavoidable. Tensile tests of coldly bent and straightened re-bars were conducted with test parameters of grade, diameter, and bend radius of re-bars as well as age between bending and straightening. Test results showed that proportional limits were lower and strain hardening occurred without yield plateaus. Inside and outside of re-bars with compression and tension deformations, respectively, during bending showed lower yield points due to Bauschinger effect and no yield plateaus due to work hardening, respectively. When re-bar grade was higher, yield point became significantly lower where Grade 400 re-bars had yield strengths lower than specified yield strength of 400 MPa. Because the surface of re-bar has higher strength than the core of re-bar, Bauschinger effect was more obvious for higher-grade re-bars. When age between bending and straightening was greater, yield strength increased and elongation decreased (i.e. embrittlement occurs). Using measured data, stress-strain relationship for straightened re-bars was developed based on Ramberg-Osgood model, which can be used to evaluate stiffness of joints when straightened re-bars are applied.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.77-88
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• 2006

In this study, the lateral behavior of Pile-Bent structures subjected to lateral loading was evaluated by a load-transfer approach. An analytical method based on the Beam-Column model and nonlinear load transfer curve method was proposed to consider material non-linearity (elastic and yielding) and $P-{\Delta}$ effect. Special attention was given to the lateral deflection of Pile-Bent structures depending on different soil properties, lateral load, slenderness ratio based on pier length and reinforcing effect of casing. From the results of the parametric study, it is shown that the increase of lateral displacement in a pile is much less favorable for an inelastic analysis than for an elastic analysis. It is found that for inelastic analysis, the maximum bending moment is located within a depth approximately 3.5D(D: pile diameter) below ground surface, but within 1.5D when $P-{\Delta}$ effect is considered. It is also found that the magnitude and distribution of the lateral deflections and bending moments on a pile are highly influenced by the inelastic analysis and $P-{\Delta}$ effect, let alone soil properties around an embedded pile.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

Stress-strain curves based on Ramberg-Osgood and Hollomon relations are strongly dependent upon the regressed range of strain. This work investigates mathematical expressions of true stress-strain curves of metallic materials. We first observe the variation of yield strength, strain hardening exponent and stress-strain curve with regressed range of stain. Based on sectional regression and expression using one or two parameters, we propose an optimal strain range for which yield strength and nonlinear material behavior are quite appropriate.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.381-386
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• 2022

This paper details the analytical and experimental studies performed to propose a steel damper based on the flexural yielding mechanism. The damper is composed of a set of damping plates that are designed to yield in flexure. The comparison of experimental and finite element analysis results indicate that the analytical approach adopted in this study should be appropriate to perform sensitivity studies on the geometries of the damping plates. Although the damper is originally proposed to work based on the flexural mechanism, it is observed that the contribution of the tensile behavior of the damping plate could be considerable. As the thickness of the damping plate increases, the plastic energy due to the flexural yield increases. As the thickness of the damping plate decreases, the contribution of the tensile behavior increases, and the shape of the hysteresis loop distorts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.443-450
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• 2012

In this study, This study investigates the axial load behavior of concrete-filled steel columns using seismic rectangular steel tube with the width-to-thickness and slenderness ratio. Due to cold-roll forming and cold-press forming of steel tube, the flat part and the corner part of the rectangular steel tubes are changed in the material properties compared to SN-steel plate. It was showed the tendency to increase yield strength, tensile strength and upper limit of yield ratio This phenomenon affects the nonlinear behavior after local buckling of the steel tube. Therefore, the coupon test was performed by the processing of rectangular steel tube, in order to assess forming performance. And a total of 6 CFT-columns were tested under monotonic loading condition. Main parameters were the width-thickness ratio and the slenderness ratio.