• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2002

As extraction solvent, ethanol fraction was revealed the highest anti-microbial activities. The butanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were also revealed anti-microbial activities with less extent compared to ethanol fraction. All fractions exhibited to inhibition of bacterial growth regardless gram positive and negative, yeast and fungi, however, was not exhibited effectively to their growth. In the inhibition activities against E. coli, the complete inhibition concentration of Yecheon propolis were at 0.40mg/ml, respectively. Complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol was revealed at 0.25mg/ml after 12 hours incubation. In the inhibition activities against P. aeruginosa, the complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol propolis wat at 0.20mg/ml. Yecheon propolis was reveraled the inhibition at 0.20mg/ml after 12 hours incubation. In the inhibition activities against S. typhimurium, the complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol propolis was at 0.20 and 0.25mg/ml and Yecheon was 0.40mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanol extraction fraction of Yecheon propolis to P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium were > 0.2, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.4∼>0.5mg/ml, and of Youngwol propolis to P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, B. subtlis and C. utilis were 0.15, 0.25, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4mg/ml, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Zerumbone is a major component of the essential oil from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, which is a kind of wild ginger. In addition, various biological functions, such as liver protection, pain relief, atherosclerosis, and antimicrobial activity have been reported. It is also known to be effective in the proliferation of immune cells and the expression of cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effects of zerumbone on monocyte activation. First, it was confirmed that the proliferation of THP-1 cells was increased by zerumbone. The strongest increase in THP-1 proliferation after lipopolysaccharide treatment was observed at $5{\mu}M$ zerumbone treatment, and the increase of cell proliferation without lipopolysaccharide was the highest at $10{\mu}M$. Conversely, when treated with $50{\mu}M$ zerumbone, a rapid decrease of proliferation was observed regardless of the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The phosphorylation of signaling protein, Erk, induced by LPS was also increased by zerumbone. The strongest increase in phosphorylation was observed when treated with $50{\mu}M$ of zerumbone with reduced proliferation. The activity of transcription factor $NF-{\kappa}B$ was not significantly altered by zerumbone alone, but increased when treated with lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, the transcription of the inflammatory cytokines $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-8, which are regulated by $NF-{\kappa}B$, is also increased by zerumbone. These results suggest that zerumbone can enhance the proliferation and activity of monocytes. Furthermore, it is believed that zerumbone can enhance rthe immune responses through increased monocyte activity in bacterial infections with LPS, thereby helping to treat effective bacteria.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2009

As consumption of kimchi has increased, factories have begun to produce this traditional Korean fermented vegetable dish on a large scale. Following the rise in manufacturing, the hygienic conditions under which commercial kimchi is being made have become an issue. We isolated 17 coliform bacteria from commercial kimchi that had not been fully fermented. These bacteria were partially identified as one of seven different species from three genera by 16S rDNA sequence analysis as follows: Enterobacter intermedius, Ent. cloacae, Ent. amnigenus, Klebsiella terrigena, K. ornithinolytica, K. oxytoca, and Hafnia alvei. Lactobacillus paraplantarum KNUC25 has been isolated from over-fermented Chinese cabbage kimchi and its antimicrobial activity reported in the literature. In our study, the KNUC25 strain showed antibacterial activity against isolated coliform bacteria and some pathogenic coliform bacteria through spot-on-the-lawn tests and viable cell tests. Through development and use of a cell-free supernatant of L. paraplantarum KNUC25, we effectively controlled coliform bacteria in commercial kimchi.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 1993

Marine organisms were investigated to identify the marine actinomycetes that produced noble bioactive compounds. Microorganism counts range from $2.1{\times}10^3\;to\;1.2{\times}10\;CFU/g$ of marine organisms. Actinomycetes constituted 0.01 to $0.5\%$ of culturable microbial community. We identified the marine actinomycetes that produced novel bioactive compounds. During the course of screening for bioactives from the marine microorganisms, we found that the strain in sponge had antimicrobial activities. From the morphological, cultural and various physiological characteristics, this strain was identified for Actinomycetes No. 101. The optimal compositions of culture medium for Actinomycetes No. 101 were starch 30g/l as carbon source, casamino acid 10g/l as nitrogen source. The optimal pH of medium and fermentation temperature were $6.5{\sim}7.0$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Fermentation has been conducted in the marine broth at $30^{\circ}C$ for 72 hour. The yield of fermentation got about 3g as dry weight(per liter of broth). The distribution of antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes No. 101 was screened by paper disc. The extract of cultured cell and broth inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but the inhibition action was week against yeast and mold.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.183-190
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• 2020

This study evaluated the possibility of Hoangtonogak Plus extracts as a bioactive ingredients for cosmetic products. Methanol(MN) and hot-water(WN) extracts were analysed by DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP value for anti-oxidant activity, MTT assay for cell viability, inhibition of NO production and iNOS protein expression for anti-inflammatory effect, paper disc diffusion method for anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli.. The contents of total polyphenol of MN and WN extracts were 2.92±0.01 mgGAE/g and 1.67±0.02 mgGAE/g, respectively. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP values of MN extracts were higher than WN at each concentration. No significant cytotoxicity was observed in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, NO production of MN and WN at 1 mg/mL concentration was measured as 11.69 μM, 20.4 μM, respectively. In addition, MN extracts showed anti-microbial effect only on S. epidermidis. Also MN extracts suppressed iNOS protein level in a concentration-dependent manner. According to our results, the MN extracts demonstrated its potential as a natural source of antioxidant with anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mugwort powder on the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Maejakgwa. Maejakgwa were prepared with mugwort powder at levels 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% ($60{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 14 days). The lightness, redness, and yellowness values of Maejakgwa significantly reduced depending on mugwort powder. The hardness of Maejakgwa was decreased with the increase of storage period and increased with the increase of mugwort powder. In the sensory evaluations, the Maejakgwa prepared with 3% added mugwort powder received higher acceptance scores for the properties of color, taste, hardness, crispiness, adhesiveness and overall acceptability. As the mugwort powder content increased, acid value and peroxide value were decreased. With the increase of storage period, acid value and peroxide value of all sample increased but growth rate of these values decreased with the addition of the mugwort powder. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was improved significantly via the addition of mugwort powder and decreased as storage period increased. During storage period, Maejakgwa with mugwort powder showed a stronger antimicrobial effect in yeasts and molds than in total aerobic bacteria. Coliform bacteria were not detected in all samples. Also the antimicrobial activity was increased with the addition of the mugwort powder and decreased as storage period increased. The results show that addition of the mugwort powder to foods with fat such as Maejakgwa would be a useful way to enhance the antioxidant quality, sensory characteristics and shelf life.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2016

The main constituent of tea catechins, EGCG [(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate], could inhibit the growth of various microorganisms and differently affect gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of EGCG, a compound from green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract, against Cronobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. was studied to evaluate the possibility of using EGCG as a natural food additive in various dairy products. In pure TSB culture, the growth of Cronobacter spp. was suppressed below the detection limit (1 log CFU/mL) depending on EGCG concentration ($600{\sim}800{\mu}g/mL$), after 5~16 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Similarly, the growth of Salmonella spp. was suppressed below the detection limit (1 log CFU/mL) depending on EGCG concentration ($400{\sim}800{\mu}g/mL$), after 5~16 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Therefore, these results suggest that EGCG could be used as an effective additive to inhibit the growth of Cronobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in various dairy products, such as yoghurt, cheese, dried infant powder, and so on.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2021

Codonopsis lanceolata (Deoduk) was grown in East Asia, including Korea, China, Japan, and Russia, and the roots of C. lanceolata have been used as functional foods and traditional medicine to treat symptoms of cough, bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, and dyspepsia. The phytochemicals of C. lanceolata have been reported such as phenylpropanoids, polyacetylenes, saponins, and flavonoids that are involved in pharmacological effects such as anti-obesity, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial activities. Selecting marker substances of the main producing area by MS-based metabolomics analysis is important to ensure the beneficial effect of C. lanceolata without side-effects because differences in cultivated areas of plants were related not only to the safety of medicinal plants but also to changes in chemical composition and biological efficacy. In our present study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis was applied to recognize the main producing area of C. lanceolata in South Korea. As a result of Principal Component Analysis and loading plot analysis of three groups, Inje (Kangwon-do), Hoengseong (Kangwon-do), and Muju (Jeonlabuk-do), several secondary metabolites of C. lanceolata including tangshenoside I, lancemaside A, and lancemaside G, were suggested as potential marker substances to distinguish the place of main producing area of C. lanceolata.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.222-229
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• 2002

Ixeris dentata root were extracted with methanol and then fractionated with n-hexane, EtOAc and BuOH to get active fractions. and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in each fraction were determined. Ethyl acetate fraction of Ixeris dentata root showed strong antioxidant activities, but aqueous fraction did not show any activities. But in the antimicrobial test, aqueous fraction showed strong antimicrobial activities except to Escherichia coli. especially, aqueous fraction showed the strongest activities against Hypocrea nigricans. and butanol fraction showed the strongest activities against Cladosporium herbarum. This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect of Ixeris dentata root methanol extract on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and cancer cell lines using ames test and cytotoxicity assay, respectively. Cancer cell lines include human lung carcinoma(A549), human breast adenocarcinoma(MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep 3B). Futher fractionations with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water from methanol extract of Ixeris dentata root were performed to obtain effective fraction, methanol extracts showed 79.94% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by N' -methyl- N' -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) against TA100, while 89.99% inhibition was observed on the mutagenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO) against TA98. In the meanwhile, butanol fraction showed 89.92% and 71.01% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P) against TA98 and TA100, respectively. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest effect against A549, MCF-7 and Hep3B at the same concentration compared to those of other fration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.924-930
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• 2002

Ixeris dentata extracts exllibited antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and fungi. Also EtOH extracts showed strong antioxidant activity and RC$_{50}$ value was 28 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. The inhibitory effect of Ixeris dentata on the mutagenicity in Salmonella and cytotoxicity on cancer cell were studied. Ixeris dentata extracts showed anti-mutagenic effects of 78.83 and 75.96% on B(a)P in S. typhimurium TA98 and Th100, respectively. These extracts showed 78.72% antimutagenicity on TA100 against MNNG. The Ixeris dentata extract with strong antimutagenic activities was further fractionated by hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Butanol fraction was found to be highest in antimutagenic activity against MNNG than the other fractions. Butanol fraction of Ixreis dentate revealed the highest cytotoxicity against AS49 human lung carcinoma cells in which cell growth was inhibited by 93.75% at 375 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Hexane fraction of ixeris dentate exhibited 68.56% inhibition against MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Hexane fraction of Ixeris dentata exhibited 84.91% inhibition against Hep 3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. From these results, it is considered that Ixeris dentata has strong antimutagenic and anticancer effects in vitro. However, these extracts and fractions did not show any cytotoxic effect against 293 cells.