• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of Celastrus orbiculatus (CO). CO was extracted with methanol and then further fractionated with n-hexane (COMH), butanol (COMB), methanol (COMM) or aqueous (COMA) to get active fractions. The antioxidative activity of fractions from CO was investigated by measuring the scavenging activities of CO against DPPH radical, peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) and reactive oxygen speicies (ROS). Among the various solvent fractions, the COMB showed a marked scavenging effect against DPPH radical, peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) and reactive oxygen species(ROS). The antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration by the paper disk method. Among the various solvent fractions, the COMM and COMB fractions of CO showed strong antimicrobial activities. The results suggest that The CO may be suitable for development as a food preservative and alternative antioxidant.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 2004

Methanol extracts were prepared from 32 medicinal herbs of the extracts were tested their microbial inhibition activities against food borne pathogens and/or food poisoning microorganisms, food-related bacteria and yeast. Methanol extracts of Cinnamomum cassia, Paeonia suffruticosa, Alnus japonica, Eugenio caryophyllata and Illicium verum exhibited antimicrobial activity for the microorganisms tested, except lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) were about 5 mg/mL for Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cell growth of lactic acid bacteria was inhibitied, but greatly on Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The phenolic compound contents were 10.98 mg/g, 10.31 mg/g, 8.55 mg/g and 6.69 mg/g in Thea sinensis, Eugenia caryophyllata, Alnus japonica and Artenisia capillaris, respectively. Antimicrobial activity appeared to be related to phenol compound content in medicinal herbs. The methanol extracts of medicinal herbs could be suitable for the development of a food preservative.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.835-841
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• 1998

The antimicrobial activities of horseradish ( Wasahia japonica) root extract against 4 kinds of food poisoning bacteria and 3 kinds of molfs were examined. The antimutagenic activity of horseradish ( Wasahia japonica) root extracts was also examined by Ames test with Salmonella tyhimurium TA 98 The antimicrobial activities of distilled water extracts from horseradish root were stronger than those of ethanol extracts, and stronger against molds than bacteria. Of the kinds of bacteria, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was best inhibited by the distilled water extracts from horseradish root. The antimicrobial activity of distilled water extracts from horseradish root were stronger against 3-Amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido{4,3-b}indole than 2-Amino-3,-8-dimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 2002

We investigated the biochemical properties of insect defensin expressed and secreted from Saccharomyces corevisiae. The defensin showed extremely high resistance to boiling for up to 30 min and to pH values tested from 2.0 to 12.0. The treatment of defensin with various proteases abolished antibacterial activity. However, amylases, cellulase, lipase and catalase had no effect on the activity. The defensin was purified to homogeneity through ammonium sulfate concentration of culture supernatant, SP-Sepharose column chromatography and RP-HPLC. Tricin-SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the defensin was about 4.0 kDa. The antibacterial activity of the purified defensin was verified by renaturation of stained gel and gel pouring assay using Micrococcus luteus as a test organism.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2008

The variety of functional plants has an attention for new natural food preservation and natural antiseptic development. The extracts from functional plants with various methods (ethanol extraction, hot water extraction and supercritical fluid extraction) tested antimicrobial activity against 10 strains including the pathogenic and food poisoning bacteria, the yeast and fungi. The antimicrobial activities of supercritical fluid extracts were shown higher than ethanol extract and hot water extract when tested with disc-diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Antimicrobial activity of supercritical fluid extract was two times higher than ethanol extract in Cinnaonomum cassia. In addition, the supercritical fluid extractions of Chamaecyparis obtuas and the C. cassia showed the higher yield than Origanum vulgare and Scutellariae baicalensis. The supercritical fluid extract of C. cassia showed an antimicrobial activity against all strains tested. The supercritical fluid extract of S. baicalensis showed strong antimicrobial activity on Listeria monocytogenes. Supercritical fluid extraction of O. vulgare and C. obtuas showed strong antimicrobial activity on Salmonella typhimuriium. In MIC test, C. obtuas was shown the best natural material for the preparation of natural antimicrobial agent by supercritical fluid extraction. In conclusion, these results suggest that supercritical fluid extraction technique was effective to obtain functional ingredient with higher antimicrobial activity in the development of new antimicrobial reagent from natural materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.110.1-110
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• 2003

이팝나무(Chionanthus retusus)는 물푸레나무과에 속하는 낙엽교목으로 육도목, 유소수라고도하며 중국이나 일본에서는 잎을 차대용으로 사용한다고 하여 다엽수라고도 부른다. 지사, 건위, 중풍 등의 치료에 효과적이고, 강장제, 해열제, 이뇨제 등으로 사용되었다고 알려져 있는 이팝나무 잎의 생리활성을 검색하여 유용자원으로 활용하기 위한 기초 연구로 메탄을 추출물을 각종 용매를 이용하여 분획한 후 DPPH를 이용한 항산화 활성, 아질산염 소거 및 항균 활성 등의 생리활성에 대한 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. DPPH에 의한 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과 에틸 아세테이트 분획물과 부탄올 분획물에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, reducing power의 경우 에틸 아세테이트 분획물에서 그리고 농도가 증가함에 따라 환원력이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능은 pH가 낮을수록, 농도 의존적으로 그 활성이 높게 나타났다. 항균활성은 에틸 아세테이트 분획물에 대하여 특히, Escherichia coli와 Bacillus cereus 균주에 대해 각각 16 및 18mm 로 높은 항균력을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.745-751
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate whether peptide produced from wheat protein by enzyme hydrolysis can be used as a natural antimicrobial agent. Antimicrobial peptide was obtained from wheat protein hydrolyzed by 7 of pretense. The produced antimicrobial peptide was purified through ultrafiltration, membrane filtration and HPLC and molecular weight and amino acid sequence of the purified antimicrobial peptide were determined. Among hydrolysate produced from wheat protein by 7 of protease, antimicrobial activity was observed for the peptide obtained from Asp. saito protease. The Asp. saito protease did produce antimicrobial hydrolysate showing the highest antimicrobial activity at reaction condition of 37$^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0, but not at reaction condition above 5$0^{\circ}C$. Wheat protein hydrolysate was fractionated by membrane filtration and showed antimicrobial activity between molecular weight 1,000~3,000. The antimicrobial activity fraction obtained by membrane filtration was separated through HPLC and showed antimicrobial activity in the peak of retention time 31.1~31.8 min. We could convince this hydrolysate as heat-stable peptide since antimicrobial activity was maintained after treated with heat for 15 min at 121$^{\circ}C$. Molecular weight of antimicrobial peptide identified by MALDI-mass was 1,633. Amino acid sequence of antimicrobial peptide was cysteine, glycine, prolin, prolin, prolin, valine, valine, alanine, alanine and arginine.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.215-218
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• 2002

To confirm the antifungal activity to plant pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2, Fusarium oxysporium, Phytophthora dreschler, Alternaria sp. were selected. Helicosporium has the antifungal activity to Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2, while Fusarium oxysporium, Phytophthora dreschler did not affected even though Alternaria made a feeble response to that antifungal compounds. From $^1H-NMR$ spectrum of antifungal compound, this compound was guessed to be a structure corresponding to cholesterol.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2008

Antimicrobial activity of Zanthoxylum piperitum was investigated against Streptococcus mutans that causes dental caries. Although the methylene chloride extract of seeds exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than other organic solvent extracts, including methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of pericarps or seeds of Z. piperitum, essential oils prepared from both seeds and pericarps possessed more potent inhibitory activity than the methylene chloride extract of seeds. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the essential oils of seeds and pericarps were 0.3 mg/ml and 4.0 mg/ml against S. mutans, respectively. When the seed essential oil was further separated into seven fractions (CS-SD-A${\sim}$CS-SD-G) by thin layer chromatography (TLC), all fractions exhibited lower antimicrobial activity than the essential oil. To understand the antimicrobial ingredients of Z. piperitum, seeds the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data of the methylene chloride extract of seeds was compared with those of the seed essential oil (CS-SD). Whereas the methylene chloride extract of seeds contained carvacrol (0.24%), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene (1.72%), and ${\alpha}$-humulene (0.88%), which were previously known to inhibit growth of S. mutans, the seed essential oil contained sabinene (1.57%), linalool (1.55%), citronellal (13.67%), terpinene-4-ol (0.45%), citronellol (3.69%), geraniol (0.9%), linalyl acetate (1.35%), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene (1.35%), ${\alpha}$-humulene (0.78%), and ${\delta}$-cadinene (0.67%) in this regard. These results indicate that Z. piperitum seeds possess various inhibitory substances against S. mutans, and an effective method to isolate the active ingredients from the seeds is to prepare the essential oil. These results also suggest that the essential oil of Z. piperitium seeds may be applicable to preventing dental caries.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.386-392
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• 2014

The present study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activities of licorice's active ingredients. Four samples of licorice ingredients (glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against six skin microorganisms. The bioassay applied for determining the antimicrobial effects employed a disc diffusion assay, the minimum inhibitory concentration, and the challenge test. The ingredients showed antibacterial activities. Especially, isoliquiritigenin has significant antimicrobial activities against two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Propionobacterium acnes) and two Gramnegative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. These samples had much higher antimicrobial activities than synthetic preservatives. Our results reveal that liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin could be useful compounds for the development of antibacterial agents for the preservation of cosmetics and foods. The two flavonoids, liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin, sourced from Korea, China, Uzbekistan, were quantified using HPLC. The results demonstrated that Korean licorice has two flavonoids (liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin) in much higher quantities than was observed in the licorice obtained from the two other countries. Thus, isoliquiritigenin and Korean licorice extract represent new candidates for antimicrobial agents.