• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.3 s.31
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• pp.55-59
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• 2006

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the contents of glucan from mycellium and its activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus(MRSA). Methods : A gel permeation chromatography method was develped for the determination and isolation of glucan in mycellium. Their structures were elucidated using ^1H-NMR$, ^{13}C-NMR$. Also, The antibacterial activity of the glucan against MRSA was estimathed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC). Results : The contents of glucan in mycellium was $766{\pm}0.19$ mg/g. Glucan exhibited activity against MRSA, with an MIC values of 4 to 9 mg/mL. Conclusions : These findings suggested that glucan might be useful in controlling MRSA infections.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.376-380
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• 2002

Production of the exopolymer by Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001, UV induced mutant of A. pullulans ATCC 42023, was investigated. The exopolymer produced by A. pullulans SM-2001 was confirmed to be ${\beta}$-1,3-linked homoglucans containing a few ${\beta}$-1,6-linked single glucosyl branches(${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan) with the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectrum. The average molecular weight of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan produced by A. pullulans SM-2001 was about 2.6 ${\times}$ 10$\^$5/ by the gel permeation chromatographic analysis. Sucrose was known to be better carbon source for the production of ${\beta}$ -1,3/1,6-glucan than other tested carbon sources in this study. Maximal conversion rate of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan was about 50% when the carbon source was 0.5%(w/v) sucrose.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2018

A new naturally occurring benzoic acid derivative, benzyl 2,4-di(benzyloxy)benzoate (1) and six known compounds (2-7) were isolated from the fungus, Preussia sp. found in frozen soil of the Himalaya Mountain. The structures of the new compound, together with the known compounds were determined by 1D-and 2D-NMR experiments, as well as comparison with published values. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the known compounds 2-7 were isolated for the first time from the genus Preussia and the family Sporormiaceae. The isolates were evaluated for cancer chemopreventive potential based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited NO production by 50.7% and 88.5% at a concentration of 100 mg/ml, respectively.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2004

Three experiments were conducted to determine utilization of Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone as the dietary additive for growth and immune stimulant in juvenile olive flounder. In the feeding trial, four diets were formulated to contain 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone per kg diet (SGS$_{0}$ , SGS$_{0.5}$, SGS$_{1.0}$ , SGS$_{2.0}$ ). Fish averaging 5.0$\pm$0.04 g (mean$\pm$SD) were fed one of four experimental diets in triplicate groups for 8 weeks. There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, hematosomatic index, condition factor and survival among fish fed all the diets. In chanlenge test, fish were infected by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 $m\ell$ bacterial suspension with Edwardsielia tarda per fish after the feeding trial. Fish fed SGS$_{0.5}$ diet have a significantly higher cumulative survival rate than did fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). In the anti-mold test, Asprrgiilus niger, Penicillium pinophiltfm, Chaeromium globosum were inoculated with Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone using ASTM G-21 method. The amount of Α. niger, Ρ. pinuphiium. C. globosum didn't increase in Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone for 4 weeks for the test period. Therefore, these results indicate that 0.5% Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone per kg diet could increase immune resistance in juvenile olive flounder and Song-Gang(equation omitted) stone could be used as the anti-mold additive in fish feed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2021

A bacterial strain isolated from a Malva verticillata leaf was identified as Bacillus velezensis MV2 based on the 16S rRNA sequencing results. Complete genome sequencing revealed that B. velezensis MV2 possessed a single 4,191,702-bp contig with 45.57% GC content. Generally, Bacillus spp. are known to produce diverse antimicrobial compounds including bacteriocins, polyketides, and non-ribosomal peptides. Antimicrobial compounds in the B. velezensis MV2 were extracted from culture supernatants using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The crude extracts showed antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria; however, they were more effective against gram-positive bacteria. The extracts also showed antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as Fusarium fujikuroi and F. graminearum. In time-kill assays, these antimicrobial compounds showed bactericidal activity against Bacillus cereus, used as indicator strain. To predict the type of antimicrobial compounds produced by this strain, we used the antiSMASH algorithm. Forty-seven secondary metabolites were predicted to be synthesized in MV2, and among them, fourteen were identified with a similarity of 80% or more with those previously identified. Based on the antimicrobial properties, the antimicrobial compounds may be nonribosomal peptides or polyketides. These compounds possess the potential to be used as biopesticides in the food and agricultural industry as an alternative to antibiotics.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.67-70
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• 2003

The biological effects of the crude extracts from medicinal plants, Brachyglottis monroi and Trichocolea hatcheri were investigated. The crude ethanol extract inhibited the growth of the Gram positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 19659, 1 mm inhibition zone at $150{\mu}g/disc$) and the dermatophyte Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185, 6 mm inhibition zone at $150{\mu}g/disc$), and was toxic to P388 murine leukaemia cells ($IC_{50}$ $23.96{\mu}g/mL$ at $75{\mu}g/disc$). B. monroi ethanol extract showed stronger antiviral activity than that of T. hatcheri against Herpes simplex Type I virus (ATCC VR 733) and Polio Type I virus (Pfizer vaccine strain) (50% activity, @ 5 mg/ml at $150{\mu}g/disc$). The crude ethanol extract of T. hatcheri showed stronger antimicrobial activity than that of B. monroi. However, this extract was inactive against P388 murine leukaemia cells.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 2005

Dough fermentation characteristics and quality characteristics of bread added with different concentration(0, 30, 40 and $50\%$ against water) of submerged-culture broth of Fomitopsis pinicola mycelium (CM) were investigated There were positive correlations between CM concentration and dough pH(r=0.98), acidity(r=-0.88), dough thickness(r=0.95) and dough strength(r=0.95). Baking loss rate was decreased with increasing of CM concentration. There was no significant difference between loaf volume index and CM concentration ($30\~40\%$, but the index of CM $50\%$ bread was lower than that of control. L* value of top crust in the CM $50\%$ bread was significantly lower than those of CM $0\~40\%$ bread, while the value of internal tissue was increased with increasing of CM concentration. In the CM $30\~40\%$ bread, hardness was lower, but there were no significant difference in cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness and brittleness compared with control. Appearance, color, taste, texture and overall acceptability of CM $30\~40\%$ bread were similar to those of control. In the results estimated by correlation analysis, the increased pH of the dough by adding CM allowed lowering hardness of the bread By adding CM in bread, retrogradations were delayed, and growth of mold was decreased during storage. In conclusion, the optimum concentration of CM in bread which showed anti-diabetic effect as well as not dropped quality characteristics were $30\~40\%$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.228-231
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• 2009

We have purified Phytophthora capsici alpha and beta tubulin from Escherchia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant alpha and beta tubulins were assembled into microtubule in vitro with specific conditions. The metagenome library was isolated from soil in the Mt. Yeo-Ki, Suwon, Korea and manufactured with the method mentioned in experiment contents for in vitro screening of microtubule assembly screening. FRET effect was used for microtubule assembly inhibitor screening with metagenome library. We got 2 metagenome clones from in vitro screening, and these 2 hit clones showed P. capsici growth inhibition activity on the growing pepper plants. These results suggest that new development of potent inhibitor for pepper blight disease and new approach to prevention of pepper blight disease.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.238-243
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• 1998

For simple and rapid detection of Pseudomonas tolaasii (PT), a bacterial brown blotch pathogen of oyster mushroom, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed. To produce specific antibody, PT ($5{\times}10^7$ cfu) and Freund's adjuvant were subcutaneously immunized into rabbits several times. By using the antiserum showing the highest titer, we established noncompetitive and competitive ELISA's. Standard curves of the ELISA's showed that the detection limits were $2{\times}10^2$cfu/ml and $3{\times}10^2$cfu/ml, respectively When investigated by noncompetitive ELISA, cross reactivities of the anti-PT antibodies against P. agarici, P. reactans, and other fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were very low (<1/10$^3$), but those against P. solanacearum, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Streptococcus mutans, Xanthomonas citri, and a fungus Fusarium oxysporum were almost none. However, when investigated by competitive ELISA, the reactivities against any other strains except PT were almost none. When the ELISA's were applied to 18 strains derived from mushrooms in order to identify PT, only 11 strains showing both pathogenicity and white line reactivity were obviously positive. These results showed that the ELISA's could be convenient tools to detect PT in accordance with existing methods.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.315-321
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• 2010

Malassezia furfur is an important causal factor for seborrheic dermatitis. Nowadays, the drugs available to treat this fungal infection are few. Several studies have documented the biological activity of essential oils. However, its antifungal properties are not completely understood, especially its anti-Malassezia activity. The aim of this study were to evaluate the effect of the plant essential oils on the growth of M. furfur using disk diffusion method and analyze by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) most active essential oils. In first screening, the 17 plant essential oils have possesses inhibitory activity against M. furfur at 2 mg/mL. Among the plant essential oils, oil of Citrus auranifoli was most active against M. furfur and its activity showed dose dependency. This anti-malassezial activity was high than that of itraconazole at 2 mg/mL. Oil of Citrus auranifolia also was phytochemically examined by GC-MS analysis, its main constituents were identified as limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene and terpinolene. It can be concluded that essential oils of Citrus auranifolia may have interesting applications to control fungal-derived diseases.